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　　100。Justice，p。264；soPrice，inhisObservationsonLiberty，laysitdownthatgovernmentisnevertoentrenchuponprivateliberty，’exceptsofarasprivatelibertyentrenchesonthelibertyofothers。’

　　101。Works，ii，506。

　　102。Works，ii，401。

　　103。Autobiography，p。274。

　　104。Hobbes，intheLeviathanchap。xiii，hasinthesamewaytoargueforthedefactoequalityofmen。

　　105。Dissertations，i，375。

　　106。IremarkbyanticipationthatthisexpressionimpliesareferencetoMill’sEthology，ofwhichIshallhavetospeak。

　　107。Works，ix，96，113。

　　108。Dissertations，i，376。

　　109。Works，’CivilCode’fromDumonti，302，305；Ibid。’PrinciplesofConstitutionalCode’ii，271；Ibid。’ConstitutionalCode’ix，15-18。

　　110。Works，i，306n。

　　111。Ibid。，ix，15。

　　112。Ibid。’PrinciplesofPenalCode’i，311。

　　113。Ibid。，i，312。

　　114。Works，x，440。

　　115。Ibid。，iii，33，etc。

　　116。Ibid。，iii，35。

　　117。Works，ix，5。

　　118。Ibid。，ix，192。

　　119。Ibid。，ix，7。

　　120。Works，i，212。

　　121。Ibid。，ix，192。

　　122。See，e。g。，i，83，wheresympathyseemstobetakenasanultimatepleasure，andii，133，wherehesays’dreamnotthatmenwillmovetheirlittlefingertoserveyouunlesstheiradvantageinsodoingbeobvioustothem。’Seealsotheapologueof’WalterWise’，whobecomesLordMayor，and’TimothyThoughtless’whoendsatBotanyBayi，118，givingthelowestkindofprudentialmorality。ThemanuscriptoftheDeontology，nowinUniversityCollege，London，seemstoprovethatBenthamwassubstantiallytheauthor，thoughtheMillsseemtohavesuspectedBowringofadulteratingthetruedoctrine。Heappearstohavebeenanhonestifnotveryintelligenteditor；

　　thoughtherewriting，necessaryinallBentham’sworks，wasdamaginginthiscase；andheisprobablyresponsibleforsomerhetoricalamplification，especiallyinthelaterpart。

　　123。ChurchofEnglandismCatechismexamined，p。207。

　　124。SeethisphraseexpoundedinWorks’BookofFallacies’，ii，440，etc。

　　NOTEONBENTHAM’SWRITINGS

　　ThefollowingaccountofBentham’swritingsmaybeofsomeuse。Thearrangementisintendedtoshowwhatwerethetopicswhichattractedhisattentionatsuccessiveperiods。

　　TheCollectedWorks，editedbyBowring，appearedfrom1838to1843inelevenvolumes，thelasttwocontainingthelifeandanelaborateindex。

　　Thefirstninevolumesconsistpartlyoftheworksalreadypublished；partlyofworkspublishedforthefirsttimefromBentham’sMSS。；andpartlyofversionsofDumont’sredactionsofBentham。Dumont’spublicationswere1

　　Trait&eacute；sdeLegislationcivileetp&eacute；nale1802；secondedition，revised，1820：[vol。i，containsPrincipesg&eacute；n&eacute；rauxdeLegislationandPrincipesduCodecivil；vol。ii，PrincipesduCodep&eacute；nal；andvol。iii，M&eacute；moiresurlePanoptique，DelaPromulgationdesLais，Del’InfluenceduTempsetdesLieux，andVueg&eacute；n&eacute；raled’unCorpscompletdesLois]；2TactiquesdesAssembl&eacute；esd&eacute；liberantesetTrait&eacute；desSophismespolitiques，1816；4Trait&eacute；desPreuvesjudiciares，1823；and5Del’OrganisationjudicaireetdelaCodification，1823。

　　InthefollowingIgivereferencetotheplaceofeachworkinBowring’sedition。

　　Bentham’sfirstbookwastheFragmentonGovernment，1776i。221-295。

　　Aninteresting’historicalpreface’，intendedforasecondeditioni。240-259，wasfirstprintedin1828。TheFragment，editedbyMrF。C。Montague，wasrepublishedin1891。

　　TheIntroductiontothePrinciplesofMoralsandLegislationwaspublishedin1789，inonevol。4to。i。1-154。Ithadbeenprintedin1780。Asecondedition，intwovols，8vo，appearedin1823。Itwasintendedasanintroductiontotheplanofapenalcode。Benthamsaysinhisprefacethathisschemewouldbecompletedbyaseriesofworksapplyinghisprinciplesto1civillaw；2penallaw；3procedure；4reward；5constitutionallaw；6

　　politicaltactics；7internationallaw；8finance；and9politicaleconomy，andbyatenthtreatisegivingaplanfoabodyoflaw’consideredinrespectofitsform，’thatis，upon’nomography。’Hewrotemoreorlessinthecourseofhislifeuponallthesetopics。Dumont’sTrait&eacute；sof1802werebasedpartlyupontheIntroductionandpartlyuponBentham’sMSS。correspondingtounfinishedpartsofthisgeneralscheme。

　　ThetwofirstsectionofthisschemearerepresentedintheWorksbyPrinciplesoftheCivilCodei，297-364andPrinciplesofPenalLawi，365-580。

　　ThePrinciplesoftheCivilCodeistranslatedfromDumont’sTrait&eacute；s，whereitfollowsacondensedstatementof’generalprinciples’takenfromtheopeningchaptersoftheIntroduction。Anappendix’onthelevellingsystem’

　　isaddedintheWorksfromBentham’sMSS。ThePrinciplesofPenalLawconsistsofthreeparts：thefirstandthirdon’politicalremediesfortheevilofoffences’andon’indirectmeansofpreventingcrimes’aretranslatedfromparts2and4ofDumont’sPrincipesduCodep&eacute；nalparts1and3ofDumontbeingadaptationsfromtheIntroductiontoMoralsandLegislation。

　　ThesecondpartofthePenalLaw，orTheRationaleofPunishmentisfromDumont’sTh&eacute；oriedesPeinesetdesR&eacute；compenses。DumonttookitfromaMS。writtenbyBenthamin1775。SeeBentham’sWorks，i，388。

　　Anappendixon’DeathPunishment’，addressedbyBenthamtotheFrenchpeoplein1830，isaddedtoPartIIintheWorksi。525-532。No。4ofBentham’sgeneralschemecorrespondstotheRationaleofReward，foundedupontwoMSS。，oneinFrenchandoneinEnglish，usedbyDumontintheTh&eacute；oriedesPeinesetdesR&eacute；compensees。TheEnglishversionintheWorks，chieflytranslatedfromDumontandcomparedwiththeoriginalmanuscript，wasfirstpublishedin1825ii，189-266。RichardSmith’oftheStampsandTaxes’

　　wastheeditorofthisandofaneditionoftheRationaleofPunishmentin1831，andofvariousminortreatises。Bentham’sWorks，x，548n。

　　TheTableoftheSpringsofActioni，195-220，writtenatanearlyperiod，wasprintedin1815，andpublished，withmodifications，in817。TheVueg&eacute；n&eacute；raleincludedintheTrait&eacute；sof1802wasintendedbyBenthamasasketchforhisownguidance，andistranslatedasViewofaCompleteCodeofLawsintheWorksiii，154-210。Thetwoessaysinthe1802Trait&eacute；son’thepromulgationoflaws’andthe’influenceoftimeandplaceinmattersoflegislation’aretranslatedinWorksi。157-194。AfragmentonInternationallaw——aphraseinventedbyBentham——writtenbetween1786and1789，firstappearedintheWorksii，535-571，withJunctianaproposal——aplanforacanalbetweentheAtlanticandthePacific——writtenin1822，asanappendix。

　　Besidestheabove，allwrittenbefore1789，inpursuanceofhisschem，Benthamhadpublishedin1778hisViewoftheHardLabourBilliv，1-36；

　　andin1787hisDefenceofUsuryiii，1-19。Athirdeditionofthelastwiththe’protestagainstlawtaxes’waspublishedin1816。

　　Duringthefollowingperiod1789-1802Benthamwrotevariousbooks，moreorlesssuggestedbytheFrenchrevolution。TheEssayonPoliticalTacticsii，299-373，correspondingtoNo。6ofthescheme，wassenttoMorelletin1789，butfirstpublishedbyDumontin1816。WithitDumontalsopublishedthesubstanceoftheAnarchicalFallaciesii，489-534，writtenabout1791。

　　ADroughtofaCodefortheOrganizationoftheJudicialEstablishmentofFrance，datedMarch1790，isreprintedinWorks，iv，285-406。Truthv。Ashhurst，writtenin1792v，231-237，wasfirstpublishedin1823。AManualofPoliticalEconomy，writtenby1793seeWorks，iii，73n。，correspondstoNo。9ofhisscheme。AchapterappearedintheBiblioth&egrave；queBritanniquein1798。ItwaspartlyusedinDumont’sTh&eacute；oriedesR&eacute；compenses，andfirstpublishedinEnglishinWorksiii，31-84。EmancipateyourColoniesiv，407-481wasprivatelyprintedin1793，andfirstpublishedforsalein1830。AProtestagainstLawTaxes，printedin1793，waspublishedin1795

　　togetherwithSupplywithoutBurthen，orEscheatviceTaxation，writtenin1794。TothemisappendedashortpapercalledTaxwithoutMonopolyii，573-600。APlanforsavingallTroubleandExpenseintheTransferofStock，writtenandpartlyprintedin1800，wasfirstpublishedinWorksiii，105-153。

　　DuringthisperiodBenthamwasalsooccupiedwiththePanopticon，andsomewritingsrefertoit。ThePanopticon，ortheInspectionHouseiv，37-172，writtenin1787，waspublishedin1791。ThePanopticonversusNewSouthWalesiv，173-248appearedin1802；andAPleafortheConstitutionontransportationtoNewSouthWalesiv，249-284in1803。CloselyconnectedwiththesearePoor-LawsandPauperManagmentviii，358-461，reprintedfromArthurYoung’sAnnalsofSeptember1797andfollowingmonths；andObservationsonthePoorBillviii，440-459，writteninFebruary1797，privatelyprintedin1838，andfirstpublishedintheWorks。