ThusinHertfordshireAEthelmaerheldamanorandinittherewerefoursokemen；theywere，wearetold，hishomines：butovertwoofthemthekinghadsakeandsoke。120*Unlesswearegreatlymistaken，thesokeofmanyoftheEastAngliansokemen，nomatterwhosementheywere，layinthehundredcounts。Thispreventsoursayingthatasokemanisoneoverwhomhislordhassoke，oronewhorenderssoketohislord。Wemaydoubtwhetherthelinebetweenthesokemenandthe\'freemen\'isdrawninaccordancewithanyoneprinciple。Notonlyisfreedomamatterofdegree，butfreedomismeasuredalongseveraldifferentscales。Atonetimeitistothepowerofalienationor\'withdrawal\'thatattentionisattracted，atanothertothenumberorthekindoftheservicesand\'customs\'thatthemanmustrendertohislord。WhenweseethatinLincolnshirethereisnoclassof\'freemen\'butthattherearesomeeleventhousandsokemen，weshallprobablybepersuadedthatthedistinctiondrawninEastAngliawasofnoverygreatimportancetothesurveyorsortheking。Itmayhavebeenamatterofpurepersonalrank。Theseliberihominesmayhaveenjoyedawergildofmorethan200shillings，forintheNormanageweseetracesofausagewhichwillnotallowthatanyoneis\'free\'ifheisnotnoble。121*ButperhapswhentheDomesdayofEastAngliahasbeenfullyexplored，hundredbyhundredandvillbyvill，weshallcometotheconclusionthatthe\'freemen\'ofonedistrictwouldhavebeencalledsokemeninanotherdistrict。122*
Someofthesesokemenand\'freemen\'hadverysmalltenements。LetuslookatalistoftenantsinNorfolk。\'InCarletonwere2freemenwith7acres。InKicklingtonwere2freemenwith2acres。InForncett1freemanwith2acres。InTanaton4freemenwith4acres。InWacton2freemenwith11/2acres。
InStratton1freemanwith4acres。InMoulton3freemenwith5
acres。InTibenham2freemenwith7acres。InAslacton1freemanwith1acre。\'123*Theseeighteenfreemenhadbutsixteenoxenamongthem。WethinkithighlyprobablethatinthesurveyofEastAngliaoneandthesamefreemanissometimesmentionedseveraltimes；heholdsalittlelandunderonelord，andalittleunderanotherlord；butinallheholdslittle。Thenagain，weseethatthesesmallfreemenoftenhaveafewbordersorevenafewfreemen\'belowthem。\'124*Andthenweobservethat，whilesomeofthemarespokenofashavingbelongedtothemanorsoftheirlords，othersarereportedtohavehadmanorsoftheirown。
NOTES：
1。Hist。Eng。Law，i。558。ThetermshereusedwereadoptedwhentheIntroductiontotheSeldenSociety\'sSelectPleasinManorialCourts1888wasbeingwritten。M。EsmeininhisCoursd\'histoiredudroitfran鏰is，ed。21895，p。259，hasinsistedonthesamedistinctionbuthasusedotherandperhapsapterterms。Accordingtohim\'lajusticerendueparlesseigneurs\'myseignorialjusticeiseither\'lajusticeseigneuriale\'myfranchisaljusticeor\'lajusticef閛dale\'myfeudaljustice。
2。SeeLiebermann，LegesEdwardi，p。88。
3。Leg。Hen。9，sect。9。
4。Leg。Henr。20sect。2。
5。Leg。Henr。27。
6。Hist。Eng。Law，i。532。
7。Leg。Henr。57sect。8。Cf。59sect。19。
8。Leg。Henr。55。
9。Leg。Henr。10。sect。1。
10。Leg。Henr。11sect。1。Thisexplainsthe\'participatio\'of9
sect。9。
11。Leg。Henr。19。
12。Leg。Henr。20sect。2。
13。Leg。Henr。9sect。4；20sect。2；57sect。8；78sect。2。
14。Hist。Eng。Law，i。574。
15。Hist。Eng。Law，i。571。
16。Seee。g。GeoffreyClintonforKenilworth，Monast。vi。221：
\'Concedo……uthabeantcuriamsuam……italibere……sicutegomeamcuriam……exconcessuregismeliusetfirmiushabeo。\'RobertofOuillyforOsney，ibid。p。\'Volo……quodhabeantcuriamipsorumliberamdesuishominibusdeomnimodistransgressionetdefalits，etquietisinttamipsiquameorumtenentesdeomnimodiscuriaemeaesectis。\'
17。SeeLiebermann，Leg。Edw。p。91。
18。ThusinD。B。ii。409wefindtwosuccessiveentries，the\'insacaregisetcomitis\'oftheone，beingtoallseeminganequivalentforthe\'insocaregisetcomitis\'oftheother。D。B。
ii。416：\'deomnibushabuitantecessorRannulficommendationemetsacamexceptounoquiestinsocaS。Edmundi。\'Ibid。ii。391b：
\'liberihominesWisgaricumsaca……liberhomo……subWitgarocumsoca。\'IntheIquisitioEliensise。g。Hamilton，p。109sacaissometimesusedinsteadofsocainthecommonformula\'sedsocaremansitabbati。\'InD。B。ii。264b，ascribehavingwritten\'sedhabetsacam\'hasafterwardssubstitutedanoforthea；wehavenotednootherinstanceofsuchcare。
19。Hist。Eng。Law，i。566。
20。D。B。i。184，Ewias。
21。Leg。Henry。201。TheauthorofLeg。Edw。Conf。，c。22，alsoattemptstoconnectsokewithseeking，buthiswordsareexceedinglyobscure：\'Socheestquodsialiquisquaeritaliquidinterrasua，etiamfurtum，suaestiustitia，siinventumsitannon。\'Onthewholewetakethisnonsensetomeanthatmyrightofsokeismyrighttodojusticeincaseanyoneseeksbywayoflegalproceedingsanythinginmyland，eventhoughtheaccusationthathebringsbeoneoftheft，andeventhoughthestolengoodshavenotbeenfoundonthethief。Alreadythewordisapreytotheetymologist。
22。D。B。ii。256。
23。HemingCart。i。75-6：\'quodillae15hidaeiustepertinentadOsuualdeslauehundredumepiscopietdebentcumipsoepiscopocensumregissolvereetomniaaliaservitiaadregempertinentiaetindeidemrequirereadplacitandum。\'Anotheraccountofthesametransaction，ibid。77，says\'et[episcopus]deraciocinavitsocametsacamdeHantomaadsuumhundredOsuualdeslauuequodibidebentplacitareetgeldumetexpeditionemetceteralegisservitiadeillis15hidissecumdebentpersolvere。\'
24。Schmid，Glossar。s。v。s骳en。Theword，itwouldseem，firstmakesitswayintothevocabularyofthelawasdescribingtheactofseekingasanctuaryandtheprotectionthatacriminalgainsbythatact。AforgedcharterofEdgarforThorneyAbbey，RedBookofThorney，Camb。Univ。Lib，。f。4，saysthatthewordisaDanishword——\'RegiveroproconsensueteiusdemmercimoniilicentiaacproreatusemendationequamDanisocneusitatonominantvocabulo，centumdeditsplendidissimiaurimancusas。\'
25。Leg。Henr。9sect。4。
26。Ibid。
27。Ibid。22。
28。Ibid。20sect。3。
29。Ibid。24。
30。Selden\'sEadmer，p。197；Bigelow，PlacitaAnglo-Norman，p。7。
31。D。B。i。238b，Alvestone。
32。Cnut，ii。12。Wemayconstruethesetermsbybreachoftheking\'sspecialpeace，attacksonhouses，ambush，neglectofthesummonstothehost。InHereford，D。B。i。179，thekingisaccountedtohavethreepleas，breachofhispeace，h醡fare，whichisthesameash醡s骳n，andforsteal；andbesidesthishereceivesthepenaltyfromamanwhowakesdefaultinmilitaryservice。
33。D。B。298b。
34。D。B。i。87b：\'IstaeconsuetudinespertinentadTantone，burgheristh，latrones，pacisinfractio，hainfare，denariidehundret，etdenariiS。Petri；terinannoteneriplacitaepiscopisineammonitione；profectioinexercitumcumhominibusepiscopi。\'
SeealsotheEnglishdocument，Kemble，Cod。Dipl。iv。p。233。Theoddwordburgheristhlookslikeacorruptformofburgridthepeaceoftheburh，orofburhgerihtaburhrights，borough-dues，whichwordoccursintheEnglishdocument。
35。D。B。i。172，175。
36。Cnutii。12，13，14。PerhapswheninotherpartsofEnglandthepleasofthecrownarereckonedtobebutfour，itistreatedasself-evidentthattheoutlawfallsintotheking\'shand，asalsothemanwhoharboursanoutlaw。Iffihtw韙eistherightword，wemustsupposewithSchmidp。586thatafihtwitewasonlypaidwhentherewashomicide。Afinemerefightingordrawingbloodwouldnothavebeenareservedplea。
37。D。B。ii。179b：\'EtisteWithrihabebatsachametsocamsuperistamterrametrexetcomes6forisfacturas。\'Ibid。223：
\'InCheiunchalasocade6forisfacturis。\'
38。D。B。ii。413b：\'socametsacampraeter6forisfacturasS。
Eadmundi。\'Ibid。373：\'S。Eadmundus6forisfacturas。\'Ibid。384
b：\'TotahecterraiacebatindominioAbbatiae[deEli]T。R。E。
cumomniconsuetudinepraetersexforisfacturasS。Eadmundi。\'
39。D。B。ii。244：\'sexliberihomines……exhishabetS。
Benedictussocametdeunocommendationemetde24tresforisfacturas。\'
40。D。B。i。336b：\'praetergeldetherieteetforisfacturamcorporumSuorumde40orisargentietpraeterlatronem。\'Suchaphraseas\'geld，heriotandthief\'isinstructive。
41。D。B。i。4b。
42。WilliamIforEly，Hamilton，Inquisitio，p。xviii。：\'omnesaliasforisfacturasquaeemendabilessunt。\'
43。D。B。ii。195：\'SuperhoshabuitT。R。E。Episcopus6
forisfacturassedhundretneeviditbreveneesigillumnecconcessumRegis。\'
44。D。B。ii。34b。
45。Seee。g。D。B。i。220。
46。D。B。i。336：\'RogeriusdeBuslihabetunummansumSuenifiliicumSuauecumsacaetsoca。JuditacomitissahabetunummansumStorisinesacaetsoca。\'
47。D。B。i。2。
48。D。B。i。1b。
49。D。B。i。337。
50。D。B。i。280b。
51。D。B。ii。185：\'Superomnesliberosistiushundreti[deNortherpingeham]habetRexsacametsocam。\'Ibid。188b：\'Rexetcomesdeomnibusistisliberishominibussocam。\'Ibid。203：\'Etdeomnibushisliberis[EpiscopiOsberni]socainhundreto。\'
52。D。B。ii。210：\'SuperomnesistosliberoshomineshabuitRexEadwardussocametsacam，etposteaGuertaccepitpervim，sedRexWillelmusdedit[S。Eadmundo]cummaneriosocametsacamdeomnibusliberisGuertsicutipsetenebat；hocreclamantmonachi。\'
53。Below，p。137。
54。D。B。ii。425b。
55。D。B。ii。287，287b：\'SanfortHund。etdim……SupradictummaneriumscilicetBercolt……cumsocadehundretoetdimidioreddebatT。R。E。24lib。\'OnsubsequentpagesitisoftensaidthatthesokeofcertainpersonsorlandsisinBergholt。
56。D。B。ii。408b：\'HagalatenuitGutmundussubRegeEdwardopromanerio8car[ueatarum]terraecumsocaetsacasurerdominiumhallaetantum。Tunc32villani……8bordarii……10
servi。Semper4carucaeindominio。Tuncetpost24carucaehominum……，。SexsochemannieiusdemGutmundidequibussocaestinhundreto。
57。D。B。ii。216：\'DeRedehamhabebatAbbassocamsuperhosquisequebanturfaldam，etdealiissocainhundreto。\'Ibid。129b：
\'SuperomnesistosquifaldamComitisrequirebanthabebatComessocamsacam，superaliosomnesRexetComes。\'Ibid。194b：\'InBegetunaettenuitEpiscopusAlmarusperemptionemT。R。E。cumsocaetsacadeComiteAlgarodebor[dariis]etsequentibusfaldamcarucatasterrae。\'Ibid。350b：\'habebatsocametsacamsuperhallamet3bordarios。\'
58。D。B。ii。130b。
59。D。B。i。265b：\'Hocmaneriumhabetsuumplacituminauladominisui。\'
60。Above，p。118。
61。D。B。ii。385b。
62。D。B。ii。46b。
63。D。B。i。283b。
64。D。B。i。11b；Chron。deBelloAngliaChristianaSoc。p。
28；BattleCustumalsCamd。Soc。，p。126。
65。D。B。i。154b。
66。D。B。39b，Hants：\'Huicmaneriopertinetsocaduorumhundredorum。\'Ibid。64b，Wilts：\'InhacfirmaerantplacitahundretorumdeCicementoneetSutelesbergquaeregipertinebant。\'
Ibid。ii。185：\'Superomnesliberosistiushundretihabetrexsacametsocam。\'Ibid。ii。113b：\'SocaetsachadeGrenehouhundretopertinetadWistunemaneriumRegis，quicunqueibiteneat，ethabentRexetComes。\'
67。Seeabove，note1。
68。Above，p。119。
69。D。B。ii。379：\'SuperfertingdeAlmehamhabetW。Episcopussocametsacam。\'
70。D。B。i。184：\'Haecterranonpertinet……adhundredum。DehacterrahabetRogerius15sexatariosmelliset15porcosquandohominessuntibietplacitasupereos。\'
71。D。B。ii。139b。
72。D。B。ii。114。
73。D。B。i。340，346，357b，366，368bter。Seealsoonf。
344，344b，thesymbolfdinthemargin。Thewordfrids骳noccursinAEthelr。VIII，1andCnuti。23，whereitseemstostandforasanctuary，anasylum。
74。IfoneofA\'stenantsissuedinapersonalactioninthehundredcourthewillhavetoanswerthereunlessAappearsand\'claimshiscourt。\'ThiscomesoutplainlyincertainrollsofthecourtofWisbeachHundred，whichbythekindpermissionoftheBishopofEly，Ihaveexamined。Onarollof33Edw。I，wefindStephenHamondsuedforadebt；\'etsuperhocvenitPriorElyensisetpetitcuriamsuam；etThomasDorewardpetitcuriamsuamdedictoStephanoresidentesuoettenentesuo。\'ThepetitionisrefusedonthegroundthatStephenisnothistenant，andDoreward\'sprior\'spetitionisrefusedonthegroundthatitisunprecedented75。D。B。ii。291：\'EtfuitinsocaRegis。PostquamBriennushabuit，nullamconsuetudinemreddiditinhundreto。\'Ibid。240：
\'HoctotumtenuitLisiusprounomanerio；modotenetEudosuccessorilliusetinT。R。E。socaetsacafuitinhundreto；
setmodotenetEudo。\'——Ibid。240b；\'SocaistiusterreT。R。E。
iacuitinFolsaRegis；modohabetWalterius[Giffardus]。\'——
Ibid。285b：thehundredtestifiedthatintruththeKingandEarlhadthesokeandsakeintheConfessor\'sday，butthemenofthevillsaythatBurchardlikewisesimiliterhadthesokeofhisfreemenaswellasofhisvilleins。
76。D。B。i。35b：\'DuofratrestenueruntT。R。E。；unusquisquehabuitdomumsuamettamenmanseruntinuniacuria。\'Ibid。103b；
\'Ibimolendinumservienscuriae。\'Ibid。I63：\'arabantetherciabantadcuriamdomini。\'
77。D。B。i。87b。Kemble，Cod。Dip。，iv。p。233：\'and