LEVIATHAN

第80章

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第80章

LEVIATHAN Thomas Hobbes

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LEVIATHAN
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  andthebodyandsouljointly,thebodyalive。InthefifthdayoftheCreation,Godsaid,Letthewatersproducereptileanimaeviventis,thecreepingthingthathathinitalivingsoul;theEnglishtranslateit,“thathathlife。“Andagain,Godcreatedwhales,etomnemanimamviventem;whichintheEnglishis,“everylivingcreature。“Andlikewiseofman,Godmadehimofthedustoftheearth,andbreathedinhisfacethebreathoflife,etfactusesthomoinanimamviventem,thatis,“andmanwasmadealivingcreature。“AndafterNoahcameoutoftheark,Godsaith,Hewillnomoresmiteomnemanimamviventem,thatis,“everylivingcreature。“And,“Eatnottheblood,forthebloodisthesoul“;thatis,thelife。Fromwhichplaces,ifbysoulweremeantasubstanceincorporeal,withanexistenceseparatedfromthebody,itmightaswellbeinferredofanyotherlivingcreature,asofman。Butthatthesoulsofthefaithfularenotoftheirownnature,butbyGod’sspecialgrace,toremainintheirbodiesfromtheresurrectiontoalleternity,Ihavealready,Ithink,sufficientlyprovedoutoftheScriptures,inthethirty-eighthChapter。AndfortheplacesoftheNewTestamentwhereitissaidthatanymanshallbecastbodyandsoulintohellfire,itisnomorethanbodyandlife;thatistosay,theyshallbecastaliveintotheperpetualfireofGehenna。

  Thiswindowitisthatgivesentrancetothedarkdoctrine,first,ofeternaltorments,andafterwardsofpurgatory,andconsequentlyofthewalkingabroad,especiallyinplacesconsecrated,solitary,ordark,oftheghostsofmendeceased;andtherebytothepretencesofexorcismandconjurationofphantasms,asalsoofinvocationofmendead;andtothedoctrineofindulgences;thatistosay,ofexemptionforatime,orforever,fromthefireofpurgatory,whereintheseincorporealsubstancesarepretendedbyburningtobecleansedandmadefitforheaven。Formenbeinggenerallypossessed,beforethetimeofourSaviour,bycontagionofthedemonologyoftheGreeks,ofanopinionthatthesoulsofmenweresubstancesdistinctfromtheirbodies;andthereforethatwhenthebodywasdead,thesoulofeveryman,whethergodlyorwicked,mustsubsistsomewherebyvirtueofitsownnature,withoutacknowledgingthereinanysupernaturalgiftofGod’s;thedoctorsoftheChurchdoubtedalongtimewhatwastheplacewhichtheyweretoabidein,tilltheyshouldbereunitedtotheirbodiesintheresurrection,supposingforawhile,theylayunderthealtars:butafterwardtheChurchofRomefounditmoreprofitabletobuildforthemthisplaceofpurgatory,whichbysomeotherChurches,inthislaterage,hasbeendemolished。

  LetusnowconsiderwhattextsofScriptureseemmosttoconfirmthesethreegeneralerrorsIhaveheretouched。AsforthosewhichCardinalBellarminehathallegedforthepresentkingdomofGodadministeredbythePopethanwhichtherearenonethatmakeabettershowofproof,Ihavealreadyansweredthem;andmadeitevidentthatthekingdomofGod,institutedbyMoses,endedintheelectionofSaul:afterwhichtimethepriestofhisownauthorityneverdeposedanyking。ThatwhichthehighpriestdidtoAthaliahwasnotdoneinhisownright,butintherightoftheyoungKingJoash,herson:

  ButSolomoninhisownrightdeposedthehighpriestAbiathar,andsetupanotherinhisplace。Themostdifficultplacetoanswer,ofallthosethatcanbebroughttoprovethekingdomofGodbyChristisalreadyinthisworld,isalleged,notbyBellarmine,noranyotheroftheChurchofRome,butbyBeza,thatwillhaveittobeginfromtheresurrectionofChrist。ButwhetherheintendtherebytoentitlethepresbyterytothesupremepowerecclesiasticalintheCommonwealthofGeneva,andconsequentlytoeverypresbyteryineveryotherCommonwealth,ortoprincesandothercivilsovereigns,Idonotknow。

  Forthepresbyteryhathchallengedthepowertoexcommunicatetheirownkings,andtobethesuprememoderatorsinreligion,intheplaceswheretheyhavethatformofChurchgovernment,nolessthanthePopechallengethituniversally。

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