LEVIATHAN

第81章

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第81章

LEVIATHAN Thomas Hobbes

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LEVIATHAN
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  havegivenit。Hiswordsare,“Allgotothesameplace;allareofthedust,andallturntodustagain;whoknoweththatthespiritofmangoethupward,andthatthespiritofthebeastgoethdownwardtotheearth?“*2Thatis,noneknowsbutGod;norisitanunusualphrasetosayofthingsweunderstandnot,“Godknowswhat,“and“Godknowswhere。“ThatofGenesis,5。24,“EnochwalkedwithGod,andhewasnot;forGodtookhim“;whichisexpounded,Hebrews,11。5,“Hewastranslated,thatheshouldnotdie;andwasnotfound,becauseGodhadtranslatedhim。Forbeforehistranslation,hehadthistestimony,thathepleasedGod,“makingasmuchfortheimmortalityofthebodyasofthesoul,proveththatthishistranslationwaspeculiartothemthatpleaseGod;notcommontothemwiththewicked;anddependingongrace,notonnature。Butonthecontrary,whatinterpretationshallwegive,besidestheliteralsenseofthewordsofSolomon,“Thatwhichbefalleththesonsofmenbefallethbeasts,evenonethingbefalleththem;astheonedieth,sodoththeother;yea,theyhaveallonebreath;sothatamanhathnopre-eminenceaboveabeast,forallisvanity。“*3Bytheliteralsense,hereisnonaturalimmortalityofthesoul;noryetanyrepugnancywiththelifeeternal,whichtheelectshallenjoybygrace。And,“Betterishethathathnotyetbeenthanboththey“;*4thatis,thantheythatliveorhavelived;which,ifthesoulofallthemthathavelivedwereimmortal,wereahardsaying;forthentohaveanimmortalsoulwereworsethantohavenosoulatall。Andagain,“Thelivingknowtheyshalldie,butthedeadknownotanything“;*5thatis,naturally,andbeforetheresurrectionofthebody。

  AnotherplacewhichseemstomakeforanaturalimmortalityofthesoulisthatwhereourSavioursaiththatAbraham,Isaac,andJacobareliving:butthisisspokenofthepromiseofGod,andoftheircertitudetoriseagain,notofalifethenactual;andinthesamesensethatGodsaidtoAdamthatonthedayheshouldeatoftheforbiddenfruit,heshouldcertainlydie;fromthattimeforwardhewasadeadmanbysentence;butnotbyexecution,tillalmostathousandyearsafter。SoAbraham,Isaac,andJacobwerealivebypromise,then,whenChristspoke;butarenotactuallytilltheresurrection。AndthehistoryofDivesandLazarusmakenothingagainstthis,ifwetakeit,asitis,foraparable。

  ButtherebeotherplacesoftheNewTestamentwhereanimmortalityseemethtobedirectlyattributedtothetothewicked。

  Foritisevidentthattheyshallallrisetojudgement。Anditissaidbesides,inmanyplaces,thattheyshallgointo“everlastingfire,everlastingtorments,everlastingpunishments;andthatthewormofconscienceneverdieth“;andallthisiscomprehendedinthewordeverlastingdeath,whichisordinarilyinterpreted“everlastinglifeintorments“:andyetIcanfindnowherethatanymanshallliveintormentseverlastingly。Also,itseemethhardtosaythatGod,whoistheFatherofmercies,thatdothinheavenandearthallthatHewill;thathaththeheartsofallmeninHisdisposing;thatworkethinmenbothtodoandtowill;andwithoutwhosefreegiftamanhathneitherinclinationtogoodnorrepentanceofevil,shouldpunishmen’stransgressionswithoutanyendoftime,andwithalltheextremityoftorturethatmencanimagine,andmore。Wearethereforetoconsiderwhatthemeaningisofeverlastingfire,andotherthelikephrasesofScripture。

  IhaveshownalreadythatthekingdomofGodbyChristbeginnethatthedayofjudgement:thatinthatday,thefaithfulshallriseagain,withgloriousandspiritualbodiesandbehissubjectsinthathiskingdom,whichshallbeeternal:thattheyshallneithermarry,norbegiveninmarriage,noreatanddrink,astheydidintheirnaturalbodies;butliveforeverintheirindividualpersons,withoutthespecificaleternityofgeneration:andthatthereprobatesalsoshallriseagain,toreceivepunishmentsfortheirsins:asalsothatthoseoftheelect,whichshallbealiveintheirearthlybodiesatthatday,shallhavetheirbodiessuddenlychanged,andmadespiritualandimmortal。Butthatthebodiesofthereprobate,whomakethekingdomofSatan,shallalsobegloriousorspiritualbodies,orthattheyshallbeastheangelsofGod,neithereating,nordrinking,norengendering;orthattheirlifeshallbeeternalintheirindividualpersons,asthelifeofeveryfaithfulmanis,orasthelifeofAdamhadbeenifhehadnotsinned,thereisnoplaceofScripturetoproveit;saveonlytheseplacesconcerningeternaltorments,whichmayotherwisebeinterpreted。

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