andthatthenonlyishemadekingbythefavourofGodwhenheiscrownedbytheauthorityofGod’suniversalvicegerentonearth；andthateverybishop，whosoeverbehissovereign，takethathisconsecrationanoathofabsoluteobediencetothePope。ConsequenttothesameisthedoctrineofthefourthCouncilofLateran，heldunderPopeInnocenttheThirdChapter3，DeHaereticis，“Thatifaking，atthepope’sadmonition，donotpurgehiskingdomofheresies，andbeingexcommunicateforthesame，donotgivesatisfactionwithinayear，hissubjectsareabsolvedofthebondoftheirobedience。“WherebyheresiesareunderstoodallopinionswhichtheChurchofRomehathforbiddentobemaintained。Andbythismeans，asoftenasthereisanyrepugnancybetweenthepoliticaldesignsofthePopeandotherChristianprinces，asthereisveryoften，therearisethsuchamistamongsttheirsubjects，thattheyknownotastrangerthatthrustethhimselfintothethroneoftheirlawfulprince，fromhimwhomtheyhadthemselvesplacedthere；and，inthisdarknessofmind，aremadetofightoneagainstanother，withoutdiscerningtheirenemiesfromtheirfriends，undertheconductofanotherman’sambition。
Fromthesameopinion，thatthepresentChurchisthekingdomofGod，itproceedsthatpastors，deacons，andallotherministersoftheChurchtakethenametothemselvesoftheclergy；givingtootherChristiansthenameoflaity，thatis，simplypeople。ForclergysignifiesthosewhosemaintenanceisthatrevenuewhichGod，havingreservedtoHimselfduringHisreignovertheIsraelites，assignedtothetribeofLeviwhoweretobeHispublicministers，andhadnoportionoflandsetthemouttoliveon，astheirbrethrentobetheirinheritance。ThePopethereforepretendingthepresentChurchtobe，astherealmsofIsrael，thekingdomofGod，challengingtohimselfandhissubordinateministersthelikerevenueastheinheritanceofGod，thenameofclergywassuitabletothatclaim。AndthenceitisthattithesandothertributespaidtotheLevitesasGod’sright，amongsttheIsraelites，havealongtimebeendemandedandtakenofChristiansbyecclesiastics，juredivino，thatis，inGod’sright。Bywhichmeans，thepeopleeverywherewereobligedtoadoubletribute；onetothestate，anothertotheclergy；whereofthattotheclergy，beingthetenthoftheirrevenue，isdoubletothatwhichakingofAthensandesteemedatyrantexactedofhissubjectsforthedefrayingofallpubliccharges：forhedemandednomorebutthetwentiethpart，andyetabundantlymaintainedtherewiththeCommonwealth。AndinthekingdomoftheJews，duringthesacerdotalreignofGod，thetithesandofferingswerethewholepublicrevenue。
FromthesamemistakingofthepresentChurchforthekingdomofGodcameinthedistinctionbetweenthecivilandthecanonlaws：thecivillawbeingtheactsofsovereignsintheirowndominions，andthecanonlawbeingtheactsofthePopeinthesamedominions。Whichcanons，thoughtheywerebutcanons，thatis，rulespropounded，andbutvoluntarilyreceivedbyChristianprinces，tillthetranslationoftheEmpiretoCharlemagne；yetafterwards，asthepowerofthePopeincreased，becamerulescommanded，andtheemperorsthemselves，toavoidgreatermischiefs，whichthepeopleblindedmightbeledinto，wereforcedtoletthempassforlaws。
FromhenceitisthatinalldominionswherethePope’secclesiasticalpowerisentirelyreceived，Jews，Turks，andGentilesareintheRomanChurchtoleratedintheirreligionasfarforthasintheexerciseandprofessionthereoftheyoffendnotagainstthecivilpower：whereasinaChristian，thoughastranger，nottobeoftheRomanreligioniscapital，becausethePopepretendeththatallChristiansarehissubjects。ForotherwiseitwereasmuchagainstthelawofnationstopersecuteaChristianstrangerforprofessingthereligionofhisowncountry，asaninfidel；orrathermore，inasmuchastheythatarenotagainstChristarewithhim。
FromthesameitisthatineveryChristianstatetherearecertainmenthatareexempt，byecclesiasticalliberty，fromthetributesandfromthetribunalsofthecivilstate；forsoarethesecularclergy，besidesmonksandfriars，whichinmanyplacesbearsogreataproportiontothecommonpeopleas，ifneedwere，theremightberaisedoutofthemaloneanarmysufficientforanywartheChurchmilitantshouldemploytheminagainsttheirownorotherprinces。