The Theory of the Leisure Class

第14章

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第14章

The Theory of the Leisure Class Thorstein Veblen

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The Theory of the Leisure Class
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  Itisscarcelynecessarytogointoadiscussionhereoftheparticularpointsatwhich,ortheparticularmannerinwhich,thecanonofhonorificexpenditurehabituallytraversesthecanonsofmoralconduct。Thematterisonewhichhasreceivedlargeattentionandillustrationatthehandsofthosewhoseofficeitistowatchandadmonishwithrespecttoanydeparturesfromtheacceptedcodeofmorals。Inmoderncommunities,wherethedominanteconomicandlegalfeatureofthecommunity’slifeistheinstitutionofprivateproperty,oneofthesalientfeaturesofthecodeofmoralsisthesacrednessofproperty。

  Thereneedsnoinsistenceorillustrationtogainassenttothepropositionthatthehabitofholdingprivatepropertyinviolateistraversedbytheotherhabitofseekingwealthforthesakeofthegoodreputetobegainedthroughitsconspicuousconsumption。

  Mostoffensesagainstproperty,especiallyoffensesofanappreciablemagnitude,comeunderthishead。Itisalsoamatterofcommonnotorietyandbywordthatinoffenseswhichresultinalargeaccessionofpropertytotheoffenderhedoesnotordinarilyincurtheextremepenaltyortheextremeobloquywithwhichhisoffenseswouldhevisitedonthegroundofthenaivemoralcodealone。Thethieforswindlerwhohasgainedgreatwealthbyhisdelinquencyhasabetterchancethanthesmallthiefofescapingtherigorouspenaltyofthelawandsomegoodreputeaccruestohimfromhisincreasedwealthandfromhisspendingtheirregularlyacquiredpossessionsinaseemlymanner。

  Awell-bredexpenditureofhisbootyespeciallyappealswithgreateffecttopersonsofacultivatedsenseoftheproprieties,andgoesfartomitigatethesenseofmoralturpitudewithwhichhisderelictionisviewedbythem。Itmaybenotedalso——anditismoreimmediatelytothepoint——thatweareallinclinedtocondoneanoffenseagainstpropertyinthecaseofamanwhosemotiveistheworthyoneofprovidingthemeansofa“decent“

  manneroflifeforhiswifeandchildren。Ifitisaddedthatthewifehasbeen“nurturedinthelapofluxury,“thatisacceptedasanadditionalextenuatingcircumstance。Thatistosay,wearepronetocondonesuchanoffensewhereitsaimisthehonorificoneofenablingtheoffender’swifetoperformforhimsuchanamountofvicariousconsumptionoftimeandsubstanceasisdemandedbythestandardofpecuniarydecency。Insuchacasethehabitofapprovingtheaccustomeddegreeofconspicuouswastetraversesthehabitofdeprecatingviolationsofownership,totheextentevenofsometimesleavingtheawardofpraiseorblameuncertain。Thisispeculiarlytruewherethederelictioninvolvesanappreciablepredatoryorpiraticalelement。

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