The Varieties of Religious Experience

第6章

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第6章

The Varieties of Religious Experience William James

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The Varieties of Religious Experience
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  Muchaswemayadmiresucharobustoldgamecockspiritinavaletudinarian,tocallitareligiousspiritwouldbeodd。YetitisforthemomentVoltaire’sreactiononthewholeoflife。

  Jeme’nficheisthevulgarFrenchequivalentforourEnglishejaculation“Whocares?”Andthehappytermjeme’nfichismerecentlyhasbeeninventedtodesignatethesystematicdeterminationnottotakeanythinginlifetoosolemnly。

  “Allisvanity“istherelievingwordinalldifficultcrisesforthismodeofthought,whichthatexquisiteliterarygeniusRenantookpleasure,inhislaterdaysofsweetdecay,inputtingintocoquettishlysacrilegiousformswhichremaintousasexcellentexpressionsofthe“allisvanity“stateofmind。Takethefollowingpassage,forexample——wemustholdtoduty,evenagainsttheevidence,Renansays——buthethengoeson:——

  “TherearemanychancesthattheworldmaybenothingbutafairypantomimeofwhichnoGodhascare。Wemustthereforearrangeourselvessothatonneitherhypothesisweshallbecompletelywrong。Wemustlistentothesuperiorvoices,butinsuchawaythatifthesecondhypothesisweretrueweshouldnothavebeentoocompletelyduped。Ifineffecttheworldbenotaseriousthing,itisthedogmaticpeoplewhowillbetheshallowones,andtheworldlymindedwhomthetheologiansnowcallfrivolouswillbethosewhoarereallywise。

  “Inutrumqueparatus,then。Bereadyforanything——thatperhapsiswisdom。Giveourselvesup,accordingtothehour,toconfidence,toskepticism,tooptimism,toironyandwemaybesurethatatcertainmomentsatleastweshallbewiththetruth……Good-humorisaphilosophicstateofmind;itseemstosaytoNaturethatwetakehernomoreseriouslythanshetakesus。

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