Democracy In America

第45章

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第45章

Democracy In America Alexis de Toqueville

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Democracy In America
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  This,itmaybesaid,canonlybeapplicabletothosemembersofthecommunitywhoareinhumblecircumstances;

  wealthierindividualswilldisplaytastesakintothosewhichbelongedtotheminaristocraticages。Icontesttheproposition:inpointofphysicalgratifications,themostopulentmembersofademocracywillnotdisplaytastesverydifferentfromthoseofthepeople;whetheritbethat,springingfromthepeople,theyreallysharethosetastes,orthattheyesteemitadutytosubmittothem。Indemocraticsocietythesensualityofthepublichastakenamoderateandtranquilcourse,towhichallareboundtoconform:itisasdifficulttodepartfromthecommonrulebyone’svicesasbyone’svirtues。

  Richmenwholiveamidstdemocraticnationsarethereforemoreintentonprovidingfortheirsmallestwantsthanfortheirextraordinaryenjoyments;theygratifyanumberofpettydesires,withoutindulginginanygreatirregularitiesofpassion:thustheyaremoreapttobecomeenervatedthandebauched。

  Theespecialtastewhichthemenofdemocraticagesentertainforphysicalenjoymentsisnotnaturallyopposedtotheprinciplesofpublicorder;nay,itoftenstandsinneedoforderthatitmaybegratified。Norisitadversetoregularityofmorals,forgoodmoralscontributetopublictranquillityandarefavorabletoindustry。Itmayevenbefrequentlycombinedwithaspeciesofreligiousmorality:menwishtobeaswelloffastheycaninthisworld,withoutforegoingtheirchanceofanother。

  Somephysicalgratificationscannotbeindulgedinwithoutcrime;

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