A Theologico-Political Treatise

第6章

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第6章

A Theologico-Political Treatise Benedict de Spinoza

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A Theologico-Political Treatise
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  105Lastly,inordertounderstand,inthecaseofmiracles,whatactuallytookplace,weoughttobefamiliarwithJewishphrasesandmetaphors;

  anyonewhodidnotmakesufficientallowanceforthese,wouldbecontinuallyseeingmiraclesinScripturewherenothingofthekindisintendedbythewriter;hewouldthusmisstheknowledgenotonlyofwhatactuallyhappened,butalsoofthemindofthewritersofthesacredtext。106Forinstance,Zechariahspeakingofsomefuturewarsayschap。xiv;7:\"ItshallbeonedaywhichshallbeknowntotheLord,notday,nornight;butateventimeitshallbelight。\"Inthesewordsheseemstopredictagreatmiracle,yetheonlymeansthatthebattlewillbedoubtfulthewholeday,thattheissuewillbeknownonlytoGod,butthatintheeveningtheywillgainthevictory:theprophetsfrequentlyusedtopredictvictoriesanddefeatsofthenationsinsimilarphrases。107ThusIsaiah,describingthedestructionofBabylon,sayschap。xiii。:\"Thestarsofheaven,andtheconstellationsthereof,shallnotgivetheirlight;thesunshallbedarkenedinhisgoingforth,andthemoonshallnotcauseherlighttoshine。\"108NowIsupposenooneimaginesthatatthedestructionofBabylonthesephenomenaactuallyoccurredanymorethanthatwhichtheprophetadds,\"ForIwillmaketheheavenstotremble,andremovetheearthoutofherplace。\"

  109So,too,IsaiahinforetellingtotheJewsthattheywouldreturnfromBabylontoJerusaleminsafety,andwouldnotsufferfromthirstontheirjourney,says:\"AndtheythirstednotwhenHeledthemthroughthedeserts;

  Hecausedthewaterstoflowoutoftherocksforthem;Heclavetherocks,andthewatersgushedout。\"110ThesewordsmerelymeanthattheJews,likeotherpeople,foundspringsinthedesert,atwhichtheyquenchedtheirthirst;forwhentheJewsreturnedtoJerusalemwiththeconsentofCyrus,itisadmittedthatnosimilarmiraclesbefellthem。

  111InthiswaymanyoccurrencesintheBiblearetoberegardedmerelyasJewishexpressions。112Thereisnoneedformetogothroughthemindetail;butIwillcallattentiongenerallytothefactthattheJewsemployedsuchphrasesnotonlyrhetorically,butalso,andindeedchiefly,fromdevotionalmotives。113Suchisthereasonforthesubstitutionof\"blessGod\"for\"curseGod\"in1Kingsxxi:10,andJobii:9,andforallthingsbeingreferredtoGod,whenceitappearsthattheBibleseemstorelatenothingbutmiracles,evenwhenspeakingofthemostordinaryoccurrences,asintheexamplesgivenabove。

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