SIR，Wewereentirelymistaken。ItwasonlyyesterdaythatIwasundeceived。UntilthattimeIhadlabouredundertheimpressionthatthedisputesintheSorbonnewerevastlyimportant，anddeeplyaffectedtheinterestsofreligion。ThefrequentconvocationsofanassemblysoillustriousasthatoftheTheologicalFacultyofParis，attendedbysomanyextraordinaryandunprecedentedcircumstances，ledonetoformsuchhighexpectationsthatitwasimpossibletohelpcomingtotheconclusionthatthesubjectwasmostextraordinary。
Youwillbegreatlysurprised，however，whenyoulearnfromthefollowingaccounttheissueofthisgranddemonstration，which，havingmademyselfperfectlymasterofthesubject，Ishallbeabletotellyouinveryfewwords。
Twoquestions，then，werebroughtunderexamination；theoneaquestionoffact，theotheraquestionofright。
ThequestionoffactconsistedinascertainingwhetherM。
Arnauldwasguiltyofpresumption，forhavingassertedinhissecondletterthathehadcarefullyperusedthebookofJansenius，andthathehadnotdiscoveredthepropositionscondemnedbythelatepope；butthat，nevertheless，ashecondemnedthesepropositionswherevertheymightoccur，hecondemnedtheminJansenius，iftheywerereallycontainedinthatwork。
Thequestionherewas，ifhecould，withoutpresumption，entertainadoubtthatthesepropositionswereinJansenius，afterthebishopshaddeclaredthattheywere。
ThematterhavingbeenbroughtbeforetheSorbonne，seventy—onedoctorsundertookhisdefence，maintainingthattheonlyreplyhecouldpossiblygivetothedemandsmadeuponhiminsomanypublications，callingonhimtosayifheheldthatthesepropositionswereinthatbook，wasthathehadnotbeenabletofindthem，butthatiftheywereinthebook，hecondemnedtheminthebook。
Someevenwentastepfartherandprotestedthat，afterallthesearchtheyhadmadeintothebook，theyhadneverstumbleduponthesepropositions，andthattheyhad，onthecontrary，foundsentimentsentirelyatvariancewiththem。Theythenearnestlybeggedthat，ifanydoctorpresenthaddiscoveredthem，hewouldhavethegoodnesstopointthemout；addingthatwhatwassoeasycouldnotreasonablyberefused，asthiswouldbethesurestwaytosilencethewholeofthem，M。Arnauldincluded；butthisproposalhasbeenuniformlydeclined。Somuchfortheoneside。
Ontheothersideareeightyseculardoctorsandsomefortymendicantfriars，whohavecondemnedM。Arnauld’sproposition，withoutchoosingtoexaminewhetherhehasspokentrulyorfalsely—who，infact，havedeclaredthattheyhavenothingtodowiththeveracityofhisproposition，butsimplywithitstemerity。
Besidesthese，therewerefifteenwhowerenotinfavorofthecensure，andwhoarecalledNeutrals。
Suchwastheissueofthequestionoffact，regardingwhich，I
mustsay，Igivemyselfverylittleconcern。ItdoesnotaffectmyconscienceintheleastwhetherM。Arnauldispresumptuousorthereverse；andshouldIbetempted，fromcuriosity，toascertainwhetherthesepropositionsarecontainedinJansenius，hisbookisneithersoveryrarenorsoverylargeastohindermefromreadingitoverfrombeginningtoend，formyownsatisfaction，withoutconsultingtheSorbonneonthematter。
Wereitnot，however，forthedreadofbeingpresumptuousmyself，IreallythinkthatIwouldbedisposedtoadopttheopinionwhichhasbeenformedbythemostofmyacquaintances，who，thoughtheyhavebelievedhithertooncommonreportthatthepropositionswereinJansenius，beginnowtosuspectthecontrary，owingtothisstrangerefusaltopointthemout—arefusalthemoreextraordinarytomeasIhavenotyetmetwithasingleindividualwhocansaythathehasdiscoveredtheminthatwork。Iamafraid，therefore，thatthiscensurewilldomoreharmthangood，andthattheimpressionwhichitwillleaveonthemindsofallwhoknowitshistorywillbejustthereverseoftheconclusionthathasbeencometo。Thetruthistheworldhasbecomescepticaloflateandwillnotbelievethingstillitseesthem。But，asIsaidbefore，thispointisofverylittlemoment，asithasnoconcernwithreligion。
Thequestionofright，fromitsaffectingthefaith，appearsmuchmoreimportant，and，accordingly，Itookparticularpainsinexaminingit。Youwillberelieved，however，tofindthatitisofaslittleconsequenceastheformer。
ThepointofdisputeherewasanassertionofM。Arnauld’sinthesameletter，totheeffect\"thatthegrace，withoutwhichwecandonothing，waswantingtoSt。Peterathisfall。\"YouandI
supposedthatthecontroversyherewouldturnuponthegreatprinciplesofgrace；suchaswhethergraceisgiventoallmen？Orifitisefficaciousofitself？Butwewerequitemistaken。YoumustknowIhavebecomeagreattheologianwithinthisshorttime；andnowfortheproofsofit！
Toascertainthematterwithcertainty，Irepairedtomyneighbor，M。N—，doctorofNavarre，who，asyouareaware，isoneofthekeenestopponentsoftheJansenists，and，mycuriosityhavingmademealmostaskeenashimself，Iaskedhimiftheywouldnotformallydecideatoncethat\"graceisgiventoallmen，\"andthussetthequestionatrest。Buthegavemeasorerebuffandtoldmethatthatwasnotthepoint；thatthereweresomeofhispartywhoheldthatgracewasnotgiventoall；thattheexaminersthemselveshaddeclared，inafullassemblyoftheSorbonne，thatthatopinionwasproblematical；andthathehimselfheldthesamesentiment，whichheconfirmedbyquotingtomewhathecalledthatcelebratedpassageofSt。Augustine：\"Weknowthatgraceisnotgiventoallmen。\"
IapologizedforhavingmisapprehendedhissentimentandrequestedhimtosayiftheywouldnotatleastcondemnthatotheropinionoftheJansenistswhichismakingsomuchnoise：\"Thatgraceisefficaciousofitself，andinvinciblydeterminesourwilltowhatisgood。\"ButinthissecondqueryIwasequallyunfortunate。\"Youknownothingaboutthematter，\"hesaid；\"thatisnotaheresy—itisanorthodoxopinion；alltheThomistsmaintainit；andImyselfhavedefendeditinmySorbonicthesis。\"
Ididnotventureagaintoproposemydoubts，andyetIwasasfaraseverfromunderstandingwherethedifficultylay；so，atlast，inordertogetatit，Ibeggedhimtotellmewhere，then，laytheheresyofM。Arnauld’sproposition。\"Itlieshere，\"saidhe，\"thathedoesnotacknowledgethattherighteoushavethepowerofobeyingthecommandmentsofGod，inthemannerinwhichweunderstandit。\"
Onreceivingthispieceofinformation，Itookmyleaveofhim；
and，quiteproudathavingdiscoveredtheknotofthequestion，I
soughtM。N—，whoisgraduallygettingbetterandwassufficientlyrecoveredtoconductmetothehouseofhisbrother—in—law，whoisaJansenist，ifevertherewasone，butaverygoodmannotwithstanding。
Thinkingtoinsuremyselfabetterreception，IpretendedtobeveryhighonwhatItooktobehisside，andsaid：\"IsitpossiblethattheSorbonnehasintroducedintotheChurchsuchanerrorasthis，’thatalltherighteoushavealwaysthepowerofobeyingthecommandmentsofGod？’\"
\"Whatsayyou？\"repliedthedoctor。\"Callyouthatanerror—asentimentsoCatholicthatnonebutLutheransandCalvinistsimpugnit？\"
\"Indeed！\"saidI，surprisedinmyturn；\"soyouarenotoftheiropinion？\"
\"No，\"hereplied；\"weanathematizeitashereticalandimpious。\"
Confoundedbythisreply，IsoondiscoveredthatIhadoveractedtheJansenist，asIhadformerlyoverdonetheMolinist。But，notbeingsureifIhadrightlyunderstoodhim，Irequestedhimtotellmefranklyifheheld\"thattherighteoushavealwaysarealpowertoobservethedivineprecepts？\"Uponthis，thegoodmangotwarm（butitwaswithaholyzeal）andprotestedthathewouldnotdisguisehissentimentsonanyconsideration—thatsuchwas，indeed，hisbelief，andthatheandallhispartywoulddefendittothedeath，asthepuredoctrineofSt。Thomas，andofSt。Augustinetheirmaster。
Thiswasspokensoseriouslyastoleavemenoroomfordoubt；andunderthisimpressionIreturnedtomyfirstdoctorandsaidtohim，withanairofgreatsatisfaction，thatIwassuretherewouldbepeaceintheSorbonneverysoon；thattheJansenistswerequiteatonewiththeminreferencetothepoweroftherighteoustoobeythecommandmentsofGod；thatIcouldpledgemywordforthemandcouldmakethemsealitwiththeirblood。
\"Holdthere！\"saidhe。\"Onemustbeatheologiantoseethepointofthisquestion。Thedifferencebetweenusissosubtlethatitiswithsomedifficultywecandiscernitourselves—youwillfinditrathertoomuchforyourpowersofcomprehension。Contentyourself，then，withknowingthatitisverytruetheJansenistswilltellyouthatalltherighteoushavealwaysthepowerofobeyingthecommandments；thatisnotthepointindisputebetweenus；butmarkyou，theywillnottellyouthatthatpowerisproximate。Thatisthepoint。\"
Thiswasanewandunknownwordtome。UptothismomentIhadmanagedtounderstandmatters，butthatterminvolvedmeinobscurity；
andIverilybelievethatithasbeeninventedfornootherpurposethantomystify。Irequestedhimtogivemeanexplanationofit，buthemadeamysteryofit，andsentmeback，withoutanyfurthersatisfaction，todemandoftheJansenistsiftheywouldadmitthisproximatepower。Havingchargedmymemorywiththephrase（astomyunderstanding，thatwasoutofthequestion），Ihastenedwithallpossibleexpedition，fearingthatImightforgetit，tomyJansenistfriendandaccostedhim，immediatelyafterourfirstsalutations，with：\"Tellme，pray，ifyouadmittheproximatepower？\"Hesmiled，andreplied，coldly：\"Tellmeyourselfinwhatsenseyouunderstandit，andImaytheninformyouwhatIthinkofit。\"Asmyknowledgedidnotextendquitesofar，Iwasatalosswhatreplytomake；andyet，ratherthanlosetheobjectofmyvisit，Isaidatrandom：
\"Why，IunderstanditinthesenseoftheMolinists。\"\"TowhichoftheMolinistsdoyoureferme？\"repliedhe，withtheutmostcoolness。I
referredhimtothewholeofthemtogether，asformingonebody，andanimatedbyonespirit。
\"Youknowverylittleaboutthematter，\"returnedhe。\"Sofararetheyfrombeingunitedinsentimentthatsomeofthemarediametricallyopposedtoeachother。But，beingallunitedinthedesigntoruinM。Arnauld，theyhaveresolvedtoagreeonthistermproximate，whichbothpartiesmightuseindiscriminately，thoughtheyunderstanditdiversely，thatthus，byasimilarityoflanguageandanapparentconformity，theymayformalargebodyandgetupamajoritytocrushhimwiththegreatercertainty。\"
Thisreplyfilledmewithamazement；but，withoutimbibingtheseimpressionsofthemaliciousdesignsoftheMolinists，whichIamunwillingtobelieveonhisword，andwithwhichIhavenoconcern，Isetmyselfsimplytoascertainthevarioussenseswhichtheygivetothatmysteriouswordproximate。\"Iwouldenlightenyouonthesubjectwithallmyheart，\"hesaid；\"butyouwoulddiscoverinitsuchamassofcontrarietyandcontradictionthatyouwouldhardlybelieveme。Youwouldsuspectme。Tomakesureofthematter，youhadbetterlearnitfromsomeofthemselves；andIshallgiveyousomeoftheiraddresses。YouhaveonlytomakeaseparatevisittoonecalledM。leMoineandtoFatherNicolai。\"
\"Ihavenoacquaintancewithanyofthesepersons，\"saidI。
\"Letmesee，then，\"hereplied，\"ifyouknowanyofthosewhomI
shallnametoyou；theyallagreeinsentimentwithM。leMoine。\"
Ihappened，infact，toknowsomeofthem。
\"Well，letusseeifyouareacquaintedwithanyoftheDominicanswhomtheycallthe’NewThomists，’fortheyareallthesamewithFatherNicolai。\"
Iknewsomeofthemalsowhomhenamed；and，resolvedtoprofitbythiscouncilandtoinvestigatethematter，ItookmyleaveofhimandwentimmediatelytooneofthedisciplesofM。leMoine。Ibeggedhimtoinformmewhatitwastohavetheproximatepowerofdoingathing。
\"Itiseasytotellyouthat，\"hereplied；\"itismerelytohaveallthatisnecessaryfordoingitinsuchamannerthatnothingiswantingtoperformance。\"
\"Andso，\"saidI，\"tohavetheproximatepowerofcrossingariver，forexample，istohaveaboat，boatmen，oars，andalltherest，sothatnothingiswanting？\"
\"Exactlyso，\"saidthemonk。
\"Andtohavetheproximatepowerofseeing，\"continuedI，\"mustbetohavegoodeyesandthelightofday；forapersonwithgoodsightinthedarkwouldnothavetheproximatepowerofseeing，accordingtoyou，ashewouldwantthelight，withoutwhichonecannotsee？\"
\"Precisely，\"saidhe。
\"Andconsequently，\"returnedI，\"whenyousaythatalltherighteoushavetheproximatepowerofobservingthecommandmentsofGod，youmeanthattheyhavealwaysallthegracenecessaryforobservingthem，sothatnothingiswantingtothemonthepartofGod。\"
\"Staythere，\"hereplied；\"theyhavealwaysallthatisnecessaryforobservingthecommandments，oratleastforaskingitofGod。\"
\"Iunderstandyou，\"saidI；\"theyhaveallthatisnecessaryforprayingtoGodtoassistthem，withoutrequiringanynewgracefromGodtoenablethemtopray。\"
\"Youhaveitnow，\"herejoined。
\"Butisitnotnecessarythattheyhaveanefficaciousgrace，inordertopraytoGod？\"
\"No，\"saidhe；\"notaccordingtoM。leMoine。\"
Tolosenotime，IwenttotheJacobins，andrequestedaninterviewwithsomewhomIknewtobeNewThomists，andIbeggedthemtotellmewhatproximatepowerwas。\"Isitnot，\"saidI，\"thatpowertowhichnothingiswantinginordertoact？\"
\"No，\"saidthey。
\"Indeed！fathers，\"saidI；\"ifanythingiswantingtothatpower，doyoucallitproximate？Wouldyousay，forinstance，thatamaninthenight—time，andwithoutanylight，hadtheproximatepowerofseeing？\"
\"Yes，indeed，hewouldhaveit，inouropinion，ifheisnotblind。\"
\"Igrantthat，\"saidI；\"butM。leMoineunderstandsitinadifferentmanner。\"
\"Verytrue，\"theyreplied；\"butsoitisthatweunderstandit。\"
\"Ihavenoobjectionstothat，\"Isaid；\"forIneverquarrelaboutaname，providedIamapprisedofthesenseinwhichitisunderstood。
ButIperceivefromthisthat，whenyouspeakoftherighteoushavingalwaystheproximatepowerofprayingtoGod，youunderstandthattheyrequireanothersupplyforpraying，withoutwhichtheywillneverpray。\"
\"Mostexcellent！\"exclaimedthegoodfathers，embracingme；
\"exactlythething；fortheymusthave，besides，anefficaciousgracebestoweduponall，andwhichdeterminestheirwillstopray；anditisheresytodenythenecessityofthatefficaciousgraceinordertopray。\"
\"Mostexcellent！\"criedI，inreturn；\"but，accordingtoyou，theJansenistsareCatholics，andM。leMoineaheretic；fortheJansenistsmaintainthat，whiletherighteoushavepowertopray，theyrequireneverthelessanefficaciousgrace；andthisiswhatyouapprove。M。leMoine，again，maintainsthattherighteousmaypraywithoutefficaciousgrace；andthisiswhatyoucondemn。\"
\"Ay，\"saidthey；\"butM。leMoinecallsthatpower’proximatepower。’\"
\"Hownow！fathers，\"Iexclaimed；\"thisismerelyplayingwithwords，tosaythatyouareagreedastothecommontermswhichyouemploy，whileyoudifferwiththemastothesenseoftheseterms。\"
Thefathersmadenoreply；andatthisjuncture，whoshouldcomeinbutmyoldfriend，thediscipleofM。leMoine！Iregardedthisatthetimeasanextraordinarypieceofgoodfortune；butIhavediscoveredsincethenthatsuchmeetingsarenotrare—that，infact，theyareconstantlymixingineachother’ssociety。
\"Iknowaman，\"saidI，addressingmyselftoM。leMoine’sdisciple，\"whoholdsthatalltherighteoushavealwaysthepowerofprayingtoGod，butthat，notwithstandingthis，theywillneverpraywithoutanefficaciousgracewhichdeterminesthem，andwhichGoddoesnotalwaysgivetoalltherighteous。Isheaheretic？\"
\"Stay，\"saidthedoctor；\"youmighttakemebysurprise。Letusgocautiouslytowork。Distinguo。Ifhecallthatpowerproximatepower，hewillbeaThomist，andthereforeaCatholic；ifnot，hewillbeaJansenistand，therefore，aheretic。\"
\"Hecallsitneitherproximatenornon—proximate，\"saidI。
\"Thenheisaheretic，\"quothhe；\"Ireferyoutothesegoodfathersifheisnot。\"
Ididnotappealtothemasjudges，fortheyhadalreadynoddedassent；butIsaidtothem：\"Herefusestoadmitthatwordproximate，becausehecanmeetwithnobodywhowillexplainittohim。\"
Uponthisoneofthefatherswasonthepointofofferinghisdefinitionoftheterm，whenhewasinterruptedbyM。leMoine’sdisciple，whosaidtohim：\"Doyoumean，then，torenewourbroils？
Havewenotagreednottoexplainthatwordproximate，buttouseitonbothsideswithoutsayingwhatitsignifies？\"TothistheJacobingavehisassent。
Iwasthusletintothewholesecretoftheirplot；and，risingtotakemyleaveofthem，Iremarked：\"Indeed，fathers，Iammuchafraidthisisnothingbetterthanpurechicanery；and，whatevermaybetheresultofyourconvocations，Iventuretopredictthat，thoughthecensureshouldpass，peacewillnotbeestablished。Forthoughitshouldbedecidedthatthesyllablesofthatwordproximateshouldbepronounced，whodoesnotseethat，themeaningnotbeingexplained，eachofyouwillbedisposedtoclaimthevictory？
TheJacobinswillcontendthatthewordistobeunderstoodintheirsense；M。leMoinewillinsistthatitmustbetakeninhis；andthustherewillbemorewranglingabouttheexplanationofthewordthanaboutitsintroduction。For，afterall，therewouldbenogreatdangerinadoptingitwithoutanysense，seeingitisthroughthesenseonlythatitcandoanyharm。ButitwouldbeunworthyoftheSorbonneandoftheologytoemployequivocalandcaptioustermswithoutgivinganyexplanationofthem。Inshort，fathers，tellme，Ientreatyou，forthelasttime，whatisnecessarytobebelievedinordertobeagoodCatholic？\"
\"Youmustsay，\"theyallvociferatedsimultaneously，\"thatalltherighteoushavetheproximatepower，abstractingfromitallsense—
fromthesenseoftheThomistsandthesenseofotherdivines。\"
\"Thatistosay，\"Ireplied，intakingleaveofthem，\"thatImustpronouncethatwordtoavoidbeingthehereticofaname。For，pray，isthisaScriptureword？\"\"No，\"saidthey。\"IsitawordoftheFathers，theCouncils，orthePopes？\"\"No。\"\"Istheword，then，usedbySt。Thomas？\"\"No。\"\"Whatnecessity，therefore，isthereforusingitsinceithasneithertheauthorityofothersnoranysenseofitself。？\"\"Youareanopinionativefellow，\"saidthey；\"butyoushallsayit，oryoushallbeaheretic，andM。Arnauldintothebargain；forwearethemajority，and，shoulditbenecessary，wecanbringasufficientnumberofCordeliersintothefieldtocarrytheday。\"
Onhearingthissolidargument，Itookmyleaveofthem，towriteyoutheforegoingaccountofmyinterview，fromwhichyouwillperceivethatthefollowingpointsremainundisputedanduncondemnedbyeitherparty。First，Thatgraceisnotgiventoallmen。Second，Thatalltherighteoushavealwaysthepowerofobeyingthedivinecommandments。Third，Thattheyrequire，nevertheless，inordertoobeythem，andeventopray，anefficaciousgrace，whichinvinciblydeterminestheirwill。Fourth，Thatthisefficaciousgraceisnotalwaysgrantedtoalltherighteous，andthatitdependsonthepuremercyofGod。Sothat，afterall，thetruthissafe，andnothingrunsanyriskbutthatwordwithoutthesense，proximate。
Happythepeoplewhoareignorantofitsexistence！happythosewholivedbeforeitwasborn！forIseenohelpforit，unlessthegentlemenoftheAcadamy，byanactofabsoluteauthority，banishthatbarbarousterm，whichcausessomanydivisions，frombeyondtheprecinctsoftheSorbonne。Unlessthisbedone，thecensureappearscertain；butIcaneasilyseethatitwilldonootherharmthandiminishthecreditoftheSorbonne，anddepriveitofthatauthoritywhichissonecessarytoitonotheroccasions。
Meanwhile，Ileaveyouatperfectlibertytoholdbythewordproximateornot，justasyouplease；forIloveyoutoomuchtopersecuteyouunderthatpretext。Ifthisaccountisnotdispleasingtoyou，Ishallcontinuetoappriseyouofallthathappens。Iam，&；c。
LETTERIIParis，January29，1656SIR，JustasIhadsealedupmylastletter，IreceivedavisitfromouroldfriendM。N—。Nothingcouldhavehappenedmoreluckilyformycuriosity；forheisthoroughlyinformedinthequestionsofthedayandiscompletelyinthesecretoftheJesuits，atwhosehouses，includingthoseoftheirleadingmen，heisaconstantvisitor。Afterhavingtalkedoverthebusinesswhichbroughthimtomyhouse，Iaskedhimtostate，inafewwords，whatwerethepointsindisputebetweenthetwoparties。Heimmediatelycomplied，andinformedmethattheprincipalpointsweretwo—thefirstabouttheproximatepower，andthesecondaboutsufficientgrace。Ihaveenlightenedyouonthefirstofthesepointsinmyformerletterandshallnowspeakofthesecond。
Inoneword，then，Ifoundthattheirdifferenceaboutsufficientgracemaybedefinedthus：TheJesuitsmaintainthatthereisagracegivengenerallytoallmen，subjectinsuchawaytofree—willthatthewillrendersitefficaciousorinefficaciousatitspleasure，withoutanyadditionalaidfromGodandwithoutwantinganythingonhispartinordertoacteffectively；
andhencetheytermthisgracesufficient，becauseitsufficesofitselfforaction。TheJansenists，ontheotherhand，willnotallowthatanygraceisactuallysufficientwhichisnotalsoefficacious；thatis，thatallthosekindsofgracewhichdonotdeterminethewilltoacteffectivelyareinsufficientforaction；fortheyholdthatamancanneveractwithoutefficaciousgrace。SucharethepointsindebatebetweentheJesuitsandtheJansenists；andmynextobjectwastoascertainthedoctrineoftheNewThomists。\"Itisratheranoddone，\"hesaid；\"theyagreewiththeJesuitsinadmittingasufficientgracegiventoallmen；buttheymaintain，atthesametime，thatnomancanactwiththisgracealone，butthat，inordertodothis，hemustreceivefromGodanefficaciousgracewhichreallydetermineshiswilltotheaction，andwhichGoddoesnotgranttoallmen。\"\"Sothat，accordingtothisdoctrine，\"saidI，\"thisgraceissufficientwithoutbeingsufficient。\"\"Exactlyso，\"hereplied；\"forifitsuffices，thereisnoneedofanythingmoreforacting；andifitdoesnotsuffice，why—itisnotsufficient。\"\"But，\"askedI，\"where，then，isthedifferencebetweenthemandtheJansenists？\"\"Theydifferinthis，\"
hereplied，\"thattheDominicanshavethisgoodqualification，thattheydonotrefusetosaythatallmenhavethesufficientgrace。\"\"Iunderstandyou，\"returnedI；\"buttheysayitwithoutthinkingit；fortheyaddthat，inordertoact，wemusthaveanefficaciousgracewhichisnotgiventoall，consequently，iftheyagreewiththeJesuitsintheuseofatermwhichhasnosense，theydifferfromthemandcoincidewiththeJansenistsinthesubstanceofthething。Thatisverytrue，saidhe。\"How，then，\"
saidI，\"aretheJesuitsunitedwiththem？andwhydotheynotcombatthemaswellastheJansenists，sincetheywillalwaysfindpowerfulantagonistsinthesemen，who，bymaintainingthenecessityoftheefficaciousgracewhichdeterminesthewill，willpreventthemfromestablishingthatgracewhichtheyholdtobeofitselfsufficient？\"\"TheDominicansaretoopowerful，\"
hereplied，\"andtheJesuitsaretoopolitic，tocometoanopenrupturewiththem。TheSocietyiscontentwithhavingprevailedonthemsofarastoadmitthenameofsufficientgrace，thoughtheyunderstanditinanothersense；bywhichmanoeuvretheygainthisadvantage，thattheywillmaketheiropinionappearuntenable，assoonastheyjudgeitpropertodoso。Andthiswillbenodifficultmatter；for，letitbeoncegrantedthatallmenhavethesufficientgraces，nothingcanbemorenaturalthantoconcludethattheefficaciousgraceisnotnecessarytoaction—thesufficiencyofthegeneralgraceprecludingthenecessityofallothers。