APPENDIX，NoV。
PrintedFormfortheDESCRIPTIONSofthePOOR。
DescriptionofthepoorPerson，NoNameDescribedMunich，thethof179
====================================
AgeYears。StatureFeetInchesBodilyStructureHairEyeComplexionBodilyDefectsOtherparticularMarksStateofHealthPlaceofNativityLivesheresinceCameherefromInwhatMannerProfessionReligionQualityFamilySupportshimself，atpresent，byLivesatpresentQuarter，District，Street，House，NoFloor，CanbeconsideredasaPauperbelongingtothisCity，andoughtthereforetobeIscapableofdoingthefollowingWork：
CouldbetrainedtothefollowingOccupations：
：fl。：kr。：
CouldgainbythisWorkperWeek——：：：
WantsforhisweeklySupport——：：：
ReceivesatpresentperWeekfromhisown}：：：
Means，getbywayofPension，Alms，}：：：
and……}：：：
Wants，therefore，aweeklyAllowanceofAlmsof：：：
：：：——
：fl。：kr。：
{Incomeofhisown——：：：
{Earnedbyworking——：：：
{Salary——：：：
Enjoyedheretofore{Pension——：：：
perWeek{{FromtheCourt：：：
{Alms，{FromtheCity——：：：
{{FromprivatePersons：：：
{Gotbybegging——：：：
：：：
：——：——：
Total：：：
：：：——
：fl。：kr。：
：：：
PaysHouse-rent——：：：
：：：
HasBedofhisown，theValueofwhich：：：
isabout——：：：
：：：
PossessesotherUtensilsnecessaryforHouse-：：：
keeping，worthabout——：：：
：：：
IsprovidedwiththefollowingWorkingTools：——：：：
：：：——
CanworkatHomeCouldbeemployedintheMilitaryWorkhouseIsprovidedwithRaiment，andwantsArticlesofApparelLifeandConduct，accordingtotheInformationreceivedIsgiventoandIsknowntohavecommittedCrimesandhasappearedbeforetheMagistratesHowlonghelivesinhispresentHabitationYearMonthWeeksNameandResidenceofhispresentLandlordWherehelivedbefore，andhowlongOtherRemarks。
HasbeensettledhereReceivedaLicencetomarry，fromPossessedorreceived，whenmarriedValueaboutfl。kr。
WasreducedtoPovertybyIspoorandinwant，sinceCouldnotextricatehimselffromhisDifficulties，becauseN。B。ThisFormisprintedonaHalf-sheetofstrongWritingPaper，foldedtogethersoastomaketwoLeavesinQuarto；eachLeafbeing8Incheshigh，and61/2Incheswide。
APPENDIX，NoVI。
PrintedFormforSPIN-TICKETS，suchasareusedattheMilitaryWorkhouseatMunich。
MunichMilitaryWorkhouse，179theNoreceivedlb。ofDeliveredbackskainsknotsofweighinglb。oz。
Isentitledtoreceiveperxrs。
Total，Attest。this179
ThisprintedFormisfilledupasfollows：
MunichMilitaryWorkhouse，1795the1stSept。No134。
MarySmithreceived1lb。ofFlax，No3，Deliveredback2skains3knotsofThread，weighing1lb——oz。
Isentitledtoreceiveperlb。xrs。10。
Total，tencreutzers。
Attest。this4thSept。1795
WillWildmann。
AnimprovedFormforaSpin-Ticket，withitsAbstract；whichAbstractistobecutofffromtheTicket，andfastenedtotheBundleofYarnorThread——
：Spin-Ticket。：：Abstractof：
：MunichHouseofIndustry。：：Spin-Ticket。：
：1795the10thSept。No230。：：MunichHouse：
：MarySmithreceived：：of：
：1lb。ofwool，No14。：：Industry，：
：Deliveredback2skains4knots：：1795，the10thSept。：
：ofyarn，weighing1lb——oz。：：No230。：
：Wagesperlb。forspinning12xrs。：：2skains4knots：
：Isentitledtoreceivetwelvexrs。：：ofwoollenyarn，：
：Attest。this14thofSept。1795。：：Spinner，MarySmith。：
：J。Schmidt。：：Attest。J。Schmidt。：
：：：：——
InorderthattheoriginalentryoftheSpin-Ticketsinthegeneraltables，keptbytheclerksoftheSpinners，maymorereadilybefound，alltheTicketsforthesamematerial，flax，forinstance，issuedbythesameclerk，duringthecourseofeachmonth，mustberegularlynumbered。
APPENDIX，NoVII。
AnAccountofEXPERIMENTSmadeattheBAKE-HOUSEoftheMILITARYWORKHOUSEatMUNICH，Novemberthe4thand5th，1794。
InbakingRYEBREAD
Theoven，whichisofanovalform，is12feetdeep，measuredfromthemouthtotheend；11feet10incheswide，and1foot11incheshigh，inthemiddle。
November4th，at10o’clockinthemorning，1736lbs。[6]ofryemealweretakenoutofthestoreroom，andsenttothebakehouse，whereitwasworkedandbakedintobread，atsixdifferenttimes，inthefollowingmanner：——
FIRSTBATCH
At45minutesafter10o’clock，themealwasmixedforthefirsttime，forwhichpurpose16quartsBavarianmeasureoflukewarmwater，weighing28lbs。28loths，wereused。
At3o’clockintheafternoon，thelittleleavenasitiscalled
wasmade，forwhichpurpose24quarts，or43lbs。10lothsofwaterwereused；andathalfanhourafter7o’clock，thegreatleavenwasmadewith40quarts，or72lbs。6loths，ofwater。
At11o’clockthismasswaspreparedforkneading，bytheadditionof40quarts，or72lbs。6loths，moreofwater。
At15minutesafter10o’clockatnight，thekneadingofthedoughwascommenced；21/2lbs。ofsaltbeingfirstmixedwiththemass。Thedoughhavingbeensufferedtorisetillaquarterbefore2o’clock，itwaskneadedasecondtime，andthenmade，inhalfanhour’stime，into191loaves，eachofthemweighing2lbs。16loths。Theseloaveshavingbeensufferedtorisehalfanhour，theywereputintotheoven10minutesbefore3o’clock，andinanhouraftertakenoutagain，when25loavesbeingimmediatelyweighed，werefoundtoweight55lbs。15loths。Eachloaf，therefore，whenbaked，weighed2lbs。
51/2loths；andasitweighed2lbs。16lothswhenitwasputintotheoven，itlost101/2lothsinbeingbaked。
Thewholequantityofwaterusedinthisexperiment，inmakingtheleavenandthedough，was216lbs。18loths——Thequantityofmealusedwasabout310lbs。
FirstHeatingoftheOvenThiswasbegun35minutesafterfouro’clock，with2201/2lbs。
ofpine-wood，whichwasinfullflame15minutesafterfiveo’clock——At8minutesafter8o’clock，51lbs。moreofwoodwereadded；——12minutesafter11o’clock，32lbs。morewereputintotheoven；——51lbs。atoneo’clock，and12lbs。moreat30minutesafter2o’clock；sothat366lbs。16lothsofwoodwereusedforthefirstheating。
SECONDBATCH。
At20minutesafter11o’clock，theproperquantityofleavenwasmixedwiththemeal，and44quarts，or79lbs。25loths，ofwateraddedtoit。At10minutesafter3o’clock，themealwaspreparedforkneading，byaddingtoit52quarts，or93lbs。
27loths，ofwater。
At30minutesafter5o’clock，thekneadingofthedoughwasbegun；21/2lbs。ofsalthavingbeenpreviouslyadded。
At15minutesafter6o’clock，thedoughwaskneadedasecondtime，andformedinto186loaves，whichwereputintotheovenat15minutesafter7o’clock，andtakenoutagain9minutesafter8o’clock，when25loavesbeingimmediatelyweighed，werefoundtoweigh55lbs。4loths——Waterusedinmakingtheseconddough，173lbs。8loths。
SecondHeatingoftheOvenThiswasbegun20minutesafter4o’clockinthemorning，with541/2lbs。ofwood；20lbs。wereadded10minutesafter5o’clock，and60lbs。more6minutesafter6o’clock；sothatthesecondheatingoftheovenrequired134lbs。16lothsofwood。
THIRDBATCH
At20minutesafter3o’clock，theproperquantityofleavenwasmixedwiththemeal，and48quarts，or86lbs。20loths，ofwaterwereputtoit。
At6minutesafter8o’clock，thismasswaspreparedforkneading，byaddingtoit48quarts，or86lbs。20loths，ofwater——At30minutesafter9o’clock，thisdoughwasmixedwith21/2lbs。ofsalt；andat30minutesafter10o’clock，itwasmadeinto189loaves，which，afterhavingbeensufferedtoriseforhalfanhourwereputintotheoven10minutesafter11o’clock，andtakenoutagainat12o’clock。
Fiftyloavesofbread，whichwereweighedimmediatelyupontheirbeingtakenoutoftheoven，werefoundtoweigh110lbs。
30loths；whichgives2lbs。51/2lothsfortheweightofeachloaf。Thewaterusedinmakingthisbatchofbreadwas173lbs。8loths。
ThirdHeatingoftheOven。
Thiswasbegun30minutesafter8o’clock，with50lbs。ofwood；and50lbs。morebeingadded30minutesafter9o’clock，thewholequantityusedwas100lbs。
FOURTHBATCH。
Ataquarterbefore8o’clock，theproperquantityofleavenwasmixedwiththemeal，and48quarts，or86lbs。20loths，ofwaterbeingadded，at30minutespast11o’clock，thismasswaspreparedforkneading，byaddingtoit52quarts，or93lbs。
27loths，ofwater。
Fourminutesafter1o’clock，21/2lbs。ofsaltwereadded。
Thedoughbeingkneadedat15minutesaftertwoo’clock，188
loavesofbreadweremade，whichwereputintotheoven5
minutesbefore3o’clock，andtakenoutagainattheendofonehour，when25ofthemwereweighed，andfoundtoweigh，onewiththeother，2lbs。51/2loths。
Thewaterusedinmakingthisbatchofbreadwas180lbs。15loths。
FourthHeatingoftheOven。
Thiswasbegun15minutesafter12o’clock，with40lbs。ofwood，and50lbs。morebeingaddedat30minutesafter1o’clock，thetotalquantityusedwas90lbs。
FIFTHBATCH。
At1/4before12o’clock，theproperquantityofleavenwasmixedwiththemeal，and52quarts，or93lbs。27loths，ofwaterputintoit——Thismasswaspreparedforkneadingat15minutesafter4o’clock，bytheadditionof48quarts，or86lbs。20loths，ofwater。Thekneadingofthedoughwasbegunat5o’clock，andat30minutesafter5itwasmadeintoloaves，21/2lbs。ofsalthavingbeenpreviouslyadded。
186loavesbeingmadeoutofthisdough，theywereputintotheovenat10minutesbefore7o’clock，andtakenoutagainattheendofonehour，when25loaveswereweighed，andfoundtoweigh55lbs。18loths——Thequantityofwaterusedinmakingthedoughforthisbatchofbreadwas180lbs。15loths。
FifthHeatingoftheOvenTheovenwasbeguntobeheatedthefifthtimeat15minutesafterfouro’clock，with40lbs。ofwood，and40lbs。morewereaddedat6o’clock；sothatinthisheatingnomorethan80lbs。ofwoodwereconsumed。
SIXTHBATCH。
Themealwasmixedwithleavenat30minutesafter3o’clock；
forwhichpurpose32quarts，or57lbs。24loths，ofwaterwereusedat15minutesafter7o’clock。Thismasswaspreparedforkneading，bytheadditionof44quarts，or79lbs。
13loths，ofwater，andaproportionofsalt；at19minutesafter9o’clockthedoughwaskneadedthefirst，andat1/4
before10thesecondtime；andinthecourseofhalfanhour160loavesweremadeoutofit，whichwereputintotheovenat10minutesbefore11o’clock，andtakenoutagainat8minutesbefore12o’clockatmidnight。
Thewaterusedinmakingthedoughforthisbatchofbreadwas137lbs。5loths。
SixthHeatingoftheOven。
At1/4after8o’clock，thesixthandlastfirewasmadewith40lbs。ofwood；towhich，at15minutesbefore10o’clockatnight，341/2lbs。morewereadded；sothatinthelastheating741/2lbs。ofwoodonlywereconsumed。
GENERALRESULTSoftheseEXPERIMENTS。
Theingredientsemployedinmakingthebreadinthesesixexperimentswereasfollows：viz。
lbs。loths。
Ofryemeal，——17360
Ofwater，——10615
Ofsalt，——150——
Inall，28125inweight。
Ofthismass1102loavesofbreadwereformed，eachofwhich，beforeitwasbaked，weighed21/2lbs。；consequently，these1102loaves，beforetheywereputintotheoven，weighed2755
lbs。：buttheingredientsusedinmakingthemweighed2812lbs。
5loths。Henceitappears，thatthelossofweightinthesesixexperiments，inpreparingtheleaven，——fromevaporation，beforethebreadwasputintotheoven，——fromwaste，etc——amountedtonolessthan57lbs。5loths。
Insubsequentexperiments，wherelesswaterwasused，thislossappearedtobelessbymorethanonehalf。
Intheseexperiments1061lbs。5lothsofwaterwereusedto1736lbs。ofmeal，whichgives61lbs。43/4lothsofwaterto100lbs。ofmeal。Butsubsequentexperimentsshowed56lbs。
ofwatertobequitesufficientfor100lbs。ofthemeal。
These1102loaves，whenbaked，weighedatamedium2lbs。51/2
lothseach；consequently，takentogether，theyweighed2393lbs。
13loths：andastheyweighed2755lbs。whentheywereputintotheoven，theymusthavelost361lbs。19lothsinbeingbaked，whichgives101/2loths，equalto21/160ornearly1/8ofitsoriginalweightbeforeitwasbaked，forthediminutionoftheweightofeachloaf。
AccordingtothestandingregulationsofthebakingbusinesscarriedoninthebakehouseoftheMilitaryWorkhouseatMunich，foreach100lbs。ofryemealwhichthebakerreceivesfromthestore-keeper，heisobligedtodeliver139lbs。ofwell-bakedbread；namely，64loaves，eachweighing2lbs。51/2loths。
Andasinthebefore-mentionedsixexperiments，1736lbs。ofmealwereused，itisevidentthat1111loaves，insteadof1102
loaves，oughttohavebeenproduced；for100lbs。ofmealareto64loavesas1736lbs，to1111loaves。Henceitappearsthat9loaveslesswereproducedintheseexperimentsthanoughttohavebeenproduced。
Therewerereasonstosuspectthatthiswassocontrivedbythebaker，withadesigntogetthenumberofloaveshewasobligedtodeliverforeach100lbs。ofmeallessened；——butinthisattempthedidnotsucceed。
QuantityofFuelconsumedintheseExperiments。
Drypine-wood。
lbs。loths。
Inheatingtheovenfirsttime，——36616
secondtime，——13416
thirdtime，——1000
fourthtime，——900
fifthtime，——800
sixthtime，——7416——
Total，84516
Employedinkeepingupasmallfirenearthemouthoftheovenwhilethebreadwasputtingintoit，——3416
Totalconsumptionofwoodinthesixexperiments，——880lbs。
Theresultsoftheseexperimentsshow，inastrikingmanner，howimportantitistothesavingoffuelinbakingbread，tokeeptheovencontinuallygoing，withouteverlettingitcool：
forinthefirstexperimentwhentheovenwascold，whenitwasbeguntobeheated，thequantityofwoodrequiredtoheatitwas3661/2lbs。；butinthesixthexperiment，aftertheovenhadbeenwellwarmedintheprecedingexperiments，thequantityoffuelrequiredwasonly741/2lbs。
Asintheseexperiments2393lbs。13lothsofbreadwerebakedwiththeheatgeneratedinthecombustionof880lbs。ofwood，thisgivestoeachpoundofbread111/3loths，or34/96ofapound，ofwood。
Inthefifthexperiment，orbatch，186loavesweighingat2lbs。
51/2lothseach304lbs。werebaked，andonly80lbs。ofwoodconsumed，whichgivesbutatriflemorethan1/4ofapoundofwoodtoeachpoundofbread；or1poundofwoodto4poundsofbread。
Aseachloafweighed2lbs。16lothswhenitwasputintotheoven，andonly2lbs。51/2lothswhenitcameoutofit，thelossofweighteachloafsustainedinbeingbakedwas101/2
loths，ashasalreadybeenobserved。Nowthislossofweightcouldonlyarisefromtheevaporationofthesuperabundantwaterexistinginthedough；andasitisknownhowmuchheat，andconsequentlyHOWMUCHFUELisrequiredtoreduceanygivenquantityofwater，atanygiventemperature，tosteam，itispossible，fromthesedata，todeterminehowmuchfuelwouldberequiredtobakeanygivenquantityofbread，uponthesuppositionthatNOPARTOFTHEHEATGENERATEDINTHE
COMBUSTIONOFTHEFUELWASLOST，eitherinheatingtheapparatus，orinanyotherway；butthatthewholeofitwasemployedinbakingthebread，andinthatprocessalone。
Andthoughthesecomputationswillnotshowhowtheheatwhichislostmightbesaved，yet，astheyascertainwhattheamountofthislossreallyisinanygivencase，theyenableustodetermine，withaconsiderabledegreeofprecision，notonlytherelativemeritofdifferentarrangementsforeconomizingfuelintheprocessofbaking，buttheyshowalso，atthesanetime，theprecisedistanceofeachfromthatpointofperfection，whereanyfartherimprovementswouldbeimpossible：
Andonthataccount，thesecomputationsarecertainlyinteresting。
IncomputinghowmuchheatisNECESSARYtobakeanygivenquantityofbread，itwilltendmuchtosimplifytheinvestigation，ifweconsidertheloafasbeingfirstheatedtothetemperatureofboilingwater，andthenbakedinconsequenceofitsredundantwaterbeingsentofffromitinsteam。
Butasthedoughiscomposedoftwodifferentsubstances，viz。
ryemealandwater，andasthesesubstanceshavebeenfoundbyexperimenttocontaindifferentquantitiesofabsoluteheat；
or，inotherwords，torequiredifferentquantitiesofheat，toheatequalquantitiesorweightsofthemtoanygiventemperature，oranygivennumberofdegrees，itwillbenecessarytodeterminehowmuchofeachoftheingredientsisemployedinforminganygivenquantityofdough。
Now，intheforegoingexperiments，as1102loavesofbreadwereformedof1736lbs。ofryemeal，itappears，thattheremusthavebeen1。47lb。ofthemealineachloaf；andastheseloavesweighed21/2lbs。eachwhentheywereputintotheoven，eachofthemmust，inastateofdough，havebeencomposedof1。47lb。ofryemeal，and1。03lb。ofwater。
Supposingtheseloavestohavebeenatthetemperatureof55
degreesofFahrenheit’sThermometerwhentheywereputintotheoven，theheatnecessarytoheatoneofthemtothetemperatureof212degrees，orthepointofboilingwater，maybethuscomputed。
Byanexperiment，ofwhichIintendhereaftertogiveanaccounttothePublic，Ifound，that20lbs。ofice-coldwatermightbemadetoboil，withtheheatgeneratedinthecombustionof1lb。ofdrypine-wood，suchaswasusedinbakingthebreadinthesixexperimentsbeforementioned。
Now，if20lbs。ofwatermaybeheated180degrees，namelyfrom32to212degrees，bytheheatgeneratedinthecombustionof1lb。ofwood，1。03lb。ofwatermaybeheated157degrees，from55degrees，ortemperate，to212degrees，
with0。4436ofapoundofthewood。
Supposenowthatryemealcontainedthesamequantityofabsoluteheataswater，——asthequantityofmealineachloaf，was1。47lb。，itappears，thatthisquantitywouldhaverequired，upontheabovesupposition，toheatitfromthetemperatureof55degrees，tothatof212degrees；aquantityofheatequaltothatwhichwouldbegeneratedinthecombustionof0。06405ofapoundofthewoodinquestion。
Butitappears，bytheresultofexperimentspublishedbyDr。Crawford，thatthequantitiesofheatrequiredtoheatanynumberofdegrees，thesamegivenquantityinweightofwaterandofwheat，anditispresumed，thatthespecificorabsoluteheatofryecannotbeverydifferentfromthatofwheat，
aretoeachother，as2。9to1，——waterrequiringmoreheattoit，thanthegraininthatproportion：Consequently，thequantityofwoodrequiredtoheatfrom55to212degrees，the1。47lb。ofryemealwhichenteredintothecompositionofeachloaf，insteadofbeing。06405ofapound，asabovedetermined，uponthefalsesuppositionthatthespecificheatofwaterandthatofryewerethesame，would，infact，amounttonomorethan0。02899；for2。9thespecificheatofwater
isto1thespecificheatofrye，as0。06405isto0。02899。
Henceitappears，thatthewoodrequiredasfueltoheatfromthetemperatureof55degreestothatof212degreesaloafofryebreadinthestateofdough，weighing21/2lbs。，wouldbeasfollows，namely：
Ofpine-wood，Toheat1。03lb。ofwater，whichentersintothecompositionofthedough，……0。04436
Toheattheryemeal，1。47lbinweight，……0。02899——
Total，0。07335lb。
Tocompletethecomputationofthequantityoffuelnecessaryintheprocessofbakingbread，itremainstodetermine，howmuchheatisrequired，tosendoffinsteam，fromoneoftheloavesinquestionafterithasbeenheatedtothetemperatureof212degrees，the101/2loths，equalto21/64ofapoundofwater，whicheachloafisknowntoloseinbeingbaked。
Nowitappears，fromtheresultofMr。Watt’singeniousexperimentsonthequantityoflatentheatinsteam，thatthequantityofheatnecessarytochangeanygivenquantityofwaterALREADYBOILINGHOTtosteam，isaboutfivetimesandahalfgreaterthanwouldbesufficienttoheatthesamequantityofwater，fromthetemperatureoffreezing，tothatofboilingwater。
Butwehavejustobserved，that20lbs。ofice-coldwatermaybeheatedtotheboilingpoint，withtheheatgeneratedinthecombustionof1lb。ofpine-wood；itappearsthereforethat20lbs。
ofboilingwaterwouldrequire51/2timesasmuch，or51/2lbs。
ofwoodtoreduceittosteam。
Andif20lbs。ofboilingwaterrequire51/2lbs。ofwood，21/64ofapoundofwaterboilinghotwillrequire0。09023ofapoundofwoodtoreduceittosteam。
Ifnow，tothisquantityoffuel，——0。09023lb。
weaddthatnecessaryforheatingtheloaftothetemperatureofboilingwater，asabovedetermined，——0。07335lb——
thisgivesthetotalquantityoffuelnecessaryforbakingoneoftheseloavesofbread，——0。16353lb。
Nowastheseloaves，whenbakedintobread，weighed2lbs。5
1/2loths=211/64lbs。eachandrequired，inbeingbaked，theconsumptionof0。16353ofapoundofwood，thisgivesfortheexpenceoffuelinbakingbread0。07532ofapoundofpine-woodtoeachpoundofryebread；whichisabout131/4
lbs。ofbreadtoeachpoundofwood。
Butwehaveseen，fromtheresultsofthebefore-mentionedexperiments，thatwhenthebreadwasbakedundercircumstancesthemostfavourabletotheeconomyoffuel，nolessthan80lbs。
ofpine-woodwereemployedinheatingtheoventobake304lbs。
ofbread，whichgiveslessthan4lbs。ofbreadtoeachpoundofwood；consequently，TWOTHIRDSatleastoftheheatgeneratedinthecombustionofthefuelmust，inthatcase，havebeenlost；andinalltheotherexperimentsthelossofheatappearstohavebeenstillmuchgreater。
Aconsiderablelossofheatinbakingwillalwaysbeinevitable；
butitseemsprobable，thatthislossmight，withproperattentiontotheconstructionoftheoven，andtothemanagementofthefire，bereducedatleasttoonehalfthequantitygeneratedfromthefuelinitscombustion。Inthemannerinwhichthebakingbusinessisnowgenerallycarriedon，muchmorethanthreequartersoftheheatgenerated，orwhichmightbegeneratedfromthefuelconsumed，islost。
APPENDIX，NoVIII。
ThefollowingAccountofthePersonsintheHouseofIndustryinDublin，the30thofApril1796，andoftheDetailsoftheMannerandExpenceoffeedingthem，wasgiventotheAuthor，byorderoftheGovernorsofthatInstitution。
AverageoftheDescriptionofPoorfortheWeekending30thofApril1796。
Males。Females。Total。
Employed——74352426
InfirmandIncurable——172585757
Idiots——161329
Blind——51016——
2679601227
IntheInfirmary。
SickPatients，Servants，etc。88200}
}——343
Lunaticks——1540}——
Total1570
Employedatactuallabour322Persons。
Dittoatmenialoffices104ditto——
Total426
Amongstthe1570Personsabovementioned，are282Childrenand447compelledPersons。
OftheChildren，205aretaughttospell，read，andwrite。
Saturday，April30，1796。
1227PersonsfedatBreakfast。
120ServantsinNew-House，a8oz。bread——60}lbs。loaveslb。value。
336Incurables，Children，etc。}186is4111/2L。114
a6ditto——126}
771Workers，etc。gotStirabout——
1227
WeightofmealforStirabout4cwt。costsL。318
120ServantsinNew-House}
get1quartbutter-milkGal。P。}
each300}167gallonsof1084Workers，Incurables，etc。}butter-milk1pintditto1354}value1L。
23Sucklersgetnobutter-milk}——
Allowedforwaste——14}
1227
Broughtdown，L。5158
s。d。
FueltocooktheStirabout，3bush。cost23}
}0301/2
Saltforditto，1qr。3lbcost——091/2}——
TheBreakfastcostL。51881/2
Quantityofwater，5barrels6gallons。
1227PersonsfedatDinner——BREADandMEALPOTTAGE。
120Servantsa9oz——68}
bread}lbs。loaves。lb。value。
1107Workers，Incurables，}6211/2is13801/2L。5104
etc。8oz。ditto——5531/2}
Weightofmealforthepottage，1cwt。3qrs——0135
Pepperforditto，halfapound——011
Gingerforditto，1pound——013
Saltforditto，21pound——007
Fuelforditto，3bushels2pecks——0271/2——
DinnercostL。6931/2
SUPPER。
For165SicklyWomenon6oz，bread。62}lbs。loaveslb。value。
251Children，3oz。do。47}109is24101911
N。B。TheexpensesofFoodfortheHospital，inwhichthereare343persons，isnotincludedintheaboveaccount。
Sunday，May1，1796。
1220PersonsfedatBreakfast。
120Servants，a8oz。bread。
330Incurables，Children，etc。6oz。do。
770Workers，etc。getStirabout——
1220Persons。
ThesamequantityofprovisionsdeliveredthisdayforBreakfastasonSaturday，andcostthesame：viz。
5L。18s。81/2d。
1220PersonsfedatDinner——BREAD，BEEFandBROTH。
Cost120Servants，a9oz。bread，68}lbs。loaveslbs。L。s。d。
1100Workers，Incurables，etc。}618is13711/2596
8do——550}——
1220Persons。
Cwt。qrs。lbs。
Weightofrawbeef，4210
Allowedforbone，100——
5210——7193
Mealforthebroth，120——1311/2
Wastebreadfordo。100——000
Saltfordo。0024——008
Pepperfordo。0001/2——011
Fuel，4bushels2pecks，——0341/2——
TotalL。14170
SUPPER。
Thesamenumberofwomenandchildrenasyesterday，andtheSuppercostthesame：viz。19s。11d。
Wednesday，May4，1796。
1216PersonsfedatBreakfast。
120ServantsinNew-House，a8oz。bread334Incurables，Children，etc。a6oz。do。
762Workers，etc。getStirabout——
1216Persons。
Thesamequantityofprovisions，etc。deliveredthisdayforBreakfastasforSaturday，andcostthesame：viz。
8L18s。81/2d。
1216PersonsfedatDinner——CALECANNONandBEER。
Cost。
WeightofrawpotatoesCwt。qrs。lbs。L。s。d。
forCalecannon，——1900——366
Anallowanceforwaste，100——
Weightused，1800——
Rawgreensforditto，——800——160
Butterforditto，——100——3120
Pepperforditto，——0001/2——011
Gingerforditto，——001——013
Onionsforditto，——0014——020
Saltforditto，——0024——008
Fuel，4bushels2pecks，——034
Timeofboilingaboutfourhours。
1193Personsget1}
pintofbeerGalls。p。}Barrs。
each，making1491}Galls。Galls。
23Onthebreast}151is331253——
getnobeer。}
1216}
Allowedfor}
waste，——17}
BreadtoIncurablesandChildrenonthebreast，43loaves，——1154——
TotalL。12135
SUPPER。
ThesamenumberofWomenandChildrenasonSaturday，andcostthesame：viz。19s11d。
N。B。Alltheseaccountsareinavoirdupoisweight，andIrishmoney。
APPENDIX，NoIX。
AnAccountofanEXPERIMENTmadeundertheDirectionoftheAUTHORintheKitchenoftheHOUSEofINDUSTRYatDUBLIN，inCOOKINGforthePOOR。
Maythe6th，1796，adinnerwasprovidedfor927personsofCalecannon，akindoffoodingreatreputeinIreland，composedofPotatoes，boiledandmashed，mixedwithaboutone-fifthoftheirweightofboiledGreens，cutfinewithsharpshovels，andseasonedwithbutter，onions，salt，pepper，andginger。Theingredientswereboiledinaverylargeironboiler，ofacircular，orratherhemisphericalform，capableofcontainingnear400gallons，andremarkablythickandheavy。273gallonsofpumpwaterwereputintothisboiler；andthefollowingTablewillshow，inasatisfactorymanner，theprogressandtheresultoftheexperiment：
HeatContentsoftheBoilerFuellaidoftheTime。onCoals。LiquidQuantityPecksWeightIngredients。Gall。lbs。
7h48m4106lb。55Watertoboil273
8h15m1261/2theGreens40m1261/2andPotatoes9h0m1261/2
15m25380
30m1261/290
45m253110
10h0m1261/2150
20m212TheGreenswerenowput2951/2
in。
2m180
30m1261/2190
45m212
11htheGreenstakenoutand1615
Potatoesputin。
11h10m253180
20m1261/2200
30m212
45mPotatoesdone。
GENERALRESULTSoftheEXPERIMENT。
ThefuelusedwasWhitehavencoal：thequantity17pecks，weighing4501/2lbs。
Thepotatoesbeingmashed，withoutpeelingthem，andthegreenschoppedfinewithasharpshovel，theyweremixedtogether，and98lbsofbutter，14lbs。ofonionsboiledandchoppedfine，40lbs。ofsalt，1lb。ofblackpepperinpowder，and1/2lb。ofginger，beingadded，andthewholewellmixedtogether，thisfoodwasservedoutinportionsof1quart，orabout2lbs。each，inwoodennoggins，holdingeach1quartwhenfull。
EachoftheseportionsofCalecannonasthisfoodiscalledinIrelandservedonepersonfordinnerandsupper；andeachportioncostabout21/14pence，Irishmoney，oritcostsomethinglessthanONEPENNYsterlingperpound。
Twelvepencesterling，makethirteenpenceIrish。
TheexpencereckonedinIrishmoneyofpreparingthisfood，wasasfollows：viz。
L。s。d。
Potatoes，19cwt。at3s。6d。percwt——366
N。B。Theyweighednomorethan1615lbs。
whenpickedandwashed。
Greens，26flaskets，at10d。each，——1110
Butter，98lbs。at72s。percwt——330
Onions，14lbs。at2s。perstone，——020
Ginger，1/2lbs——013
Salt，40lbs——011
Pepper，1lb——011——
L。7169
Expenceforfuel，17pecksofcoal，at1L。3s。3d。perton，——0321/2——
TotalL。719111/2
Withthiskindoffoodthereisnoallowanceofbread，norisanynecessary。
Itwouldbehardlypossibletoinventamorenourishingormorepalatablekindoffood，thanCalecannon，asitismadeinIreland；
buttheexpenceofitmightbeconsiderablydiminished，byusinglessbutterinpreparingit。
Saltedherringswhichdonotingeneralcostmuchmorethanapennythepoundmightbeusedwithgreatadvantagetogiveitarelish，particularlywhenasmallproportionofbutterisused。
Inthisexperiment，273gallonsofwater，weighingabout2224lbs。
avoirdupois，andbeingatthetemperatureof55degrees，wasmadetoboil，intwohoursand32minutes，withthecombustionof3461/2lbs。ofcoal；whichgivesratherlessthan61/2lbs。ofwater，toeachpoundofcoalconsumed；
thewaterbeingheated157degrees，orfrom55to212degrees。
Accordingtomyexperiments，20lbs。ofwatermaybeheated180degrees，namelyfrom32degreesthefreezingpoint，to212degreesthetemperatureofboilingwater，withtheheatgeneratedinthecombustionof1lb。ofpine-wood；
consequently，thesamequantityofwood1lb。wouldheat23lb。ofwater157degrees，orfrom55to212degrees。
ButM。Lavoisierhasshownusbyhisexperiments，thatthequantityofheatgeneratedinthecombustionofanygivenweightofcoal，isgreaterthanthatgeneratedinthecombustionofthesameweightofdrywood，intheproportionof1089to600；
consequently，1lb。ofcoaloughttomake403/4lbs。ofwater，atthetemperature55degrees，boil。
Butintheforegoingexperiment，1lb。ofcoalwasconsumedinmaking61/2lbs。ofwaterboil；consequently，morethan5/6
oftheheatgenerated，orwhichmightwithpropermanagementhavebeengeneratedinthecombustionofthecoal，waslost，owingtothebadconstructionoftheboilerandofthefire-place。
Hadtheconstructionoftheboilerandofthefire-placebeenasperfectastheywereinmyexperiments，aquantityoffuelwouldhavebeensufficient，smallerthanthatactuallyused，intheproportionof61/2to403/4，orinsteadof4501/2lbs。
ofcoal，713/4lbs。wouldhavedonethebusiness；and，insteadofcosting3s。21/2d。，theywouldhavecostlessthan61/4Irishmoney，or53/4d。sterling，whichisonlyabout1/3percent。ofthecostoftheingredientsusedinpreparingthefood，fortheexpenceoffuelforcookingit。
Thesecomputationsmayservetoshow，thatIdidnotexaggerate，whenIgaveitasmyopinion，inmyEssayonFood，thattheexpenceforthefuelnecessarytobeemployedincookingoughtnevertoexceed，eveninthiscountry，TWOPERCENT。ofthevalueoftheingredientsofwhichthefoodiscomposed；thatistosay，whenkitchenfire-placesarewellconstructed。
Hadtheingredientsusedinthisexperiment，viz。
2234lbs。ofwater1615lbs。ofpotatoes，98lbs。ofbutter，14lbs。ofonions，40lbs。ofsalt，1lb。ofpepper，and01/2lb。ofginger，——
makinginall39921/2lbs。，beenmadeintoasoup，insteadofbeingmadeintoCalecannon，this，at11/4lb。equaltoonepintandaquarter，theportionwouldhaveservedtofeed3210
persons。
ButifIcanshow，thatinIreland，whereallthecoalstheyburnareimportedfromEngland，agoodandsufficientmealofvictualsfor3210personsmaybeprovidedwiththeexpenceofonly53/4d。forthefuelnecessarytocookit；ItrustthattheaccountIventuredtopublishinmyfirstEssay，oftheexpenceforfuelinthekitchenoftheMilitaryWorkhouseatMunich，namely，thatitdidnotamounttosomuchas41/2d。
aday，when1000personswerefed，willnolongerappearquitesoincredible，asitcertainlymustappeartothosewhoarenotawareoftheenormouswastewhichismadeoffuelinthevariousprocessesinwhichitisemployed。
Ishallthinkmyselfveryfortunate，ifwhatIhavedoneintheprosecutionofthesemyfavouritestudies，shouldinduceingeniousmentoturntheirattentiontotheinvestigationofascience，hithertomuchneglected，andwhereeverynewimprovementmusttenddirectlyandpowerfullytoincreasethecomfortsandenjoymentsofmankind。
ENDOFTHEFIRSTVOLUME。
FootnotesforEssayV。
[1]
ThenumberofhorsesinBavariaaloneamounttoabove160，000
[2]
AparticularaccountofthesemilitarypostsisgivenintheSecondChapteroftheFirstEssay。
[3]
Sufficeittomentiononeamongnumberlessfacts，whichmightbebroughttoprovetheseassertions：TheBeggarsofourcapitalcarryonanincreasingandverylucrativetrade，withconfessionalandcommuniontestimonials，whichtheyselltopeoplewhodaringlytransgresstheholyecclesiasticallaws，byneglectingtoconfessandreceivetheholysacramentoftheLord’sSupperatEaster。Someoftheseimpiouswretchesreceivethesacrament，atleasttwiceinaday，inordernottolosetheircustomers；ifthedemandsforcommuniontestimonialsaregreat，orcomelate——Yepriestsandpreachersofthegospel，canyoustillforbearraisingyourvoicesagainstBeggars？
[4]
TothesethePresidentoftheChamberofFinanceshassincebeenadded。
[5]
Sincetheyear1792theElector，torelievetheInstitutionfromthatburden，hasorderedthepoliceguardstobepaidoutofthePublicTreasuryoftheChamberofFinances。
[6]
TheBavarianpoundwhichwasusedintheseexperiments，andwhichisdividedinto32loths，istothepoundAvoirdupoisas12，384isto10，000，——ornearlyas5to4。
EndofEssays，Vol。1