Atten。ButthisheightofwickednessinMr。Badman,willnotyetoutofmymind。Thishard,desperate,orwhatshallIcallit,diabolicallframeofheart,wasinhimafoundation,aground-work,toallactsanddeedsthatwereevil。
Wise。Theheart,andthedesperatewickednessofit,isthefoundationandgroundworkofall。Atheism,professedandpracticall,springbothoutoftheheart,yeaandallmannerofevilsbesides。{92a}Fortheybenotbaddeedsthatmakeabadman,butheisalreadyabadmanthatdothbaddeeds。Amanmustbewickedbeforehecandowickedness。{92b}Wickednessproceedethfromthewicked。’Tisaneviltreethatbearsevilfruit,mengathernograpesofthorns;theheartthereforemustbeevil,beforethemancandoevil,andgoodbeforethemandothgood。
Atten。NowIseethereasonwhyMr。Badmanwassobase,astogetaWifebydissimulation,andtoabusehersolikeaVillainwhenhehadgother,itwasbecausehewasbeforebyawickedheartpreparedtoactwickedness。
Wise。Youmaybesureofit;forfromwithin,outoftheheartofmanproccedethevilthoughts,Adulteries,Fornications,Murders,Thefts,Coveteousness,Wickedness,Deceit,Lasciviousness,anevilEye,Blasphemy,Pride,Foolishness。Allthesethingscomefromwithin,anddefileaman。{92c}Andaman,ashisnaughtymindinclineshim,makesuseofthese,oranyofthese,togratifiehislust,topromotehisdesigns,torevengehismalice,toenrich,ortowallowhimselfinthefoolishpleasuresandpastimesofthislife:AndallthesedidMr。Badmando,eventotheutmost,ifeitheropportunity,orpurse,orperfidiousness,wouldhelphimtotheobtainingofhispurpose。
Atten。Purse!WhyhecouldnotbuthavePursetodoalmostwhathewould,havingmarriedawifewithsomuchmoney。
Wise。Holdyouthere;someofMr。Badmanssinswerecostly,ashisdrinking,andwhoring,andkeepingotherbadcompany;thoughhewasamanthathadwaystoomanytogetmoney,aswellaswaystoomanytospendit。
Atten。HadhethensuchagoodTrade,forallhewassuchabadman?orwashisCallingsogainfulltohim,asalwayestokeephisPursesbellyfull,thoughhewashimselfagreatspender?
Wise。No:ItwasnothisTradethatdidit,thoughhehadaprettytradetoo。HehadanotherwaytogetMoney,andthatbyhatfullsandpocketfullsatatime。
Atten。WhyItrowhewasnoHighwayman,washe?
Wise。Iwillbesparinginmyspeechastothat,thoughsomehavemutteredasifhecouldrideoutnowandthen,aboutnobodybuthimselfknewwhat,overnight,andcomehomealldirtyandwearynextmorning。ButthatisnotthethingIaimat。
Atten。Prayletmeknowit,ifyouthinkitconvenientthatI
should。
Wise。Iwilltellyou:Itwasthis,hehadanarttoBreak,{93a}
andgethatfullsofmoneybybreaking。
Atten。ButwhatdoyoumeanbyMr。BadmansBreaking?youspeakmystically,doyounot?
Wise。No,no,Ispeakplainly。Or,ifyouwillhaveitinplainerlanguage,’tisthis:WhenMr。Badmanhadswaggeredandwhoredawaymostofhiswifesportion,hebegantofeelthathecouldnotmuchlongerstanduponhislegsinthiscourseoflife,andkeepuphisTradeandReputesuchashehadintheworld;butbythenewEngineofBreaking。Wherefore,uponatime,hegivesagreat,andsudden{93b}rushintoseveralmensdebts,tothevalueofaboutfourorfivethousandpound,drivingatthesametimeaverygreattrade,bysellingmanythingsforlessthantheycosthim,togethimcustom,therewithtoblindhisCreditorseyes。HisCreditorsthereforefeelingthathehadagreatemploy,anddreamingthatitmustneedsatlengthturntoaverygoodaccounttothem,trustedhimfreelywithoutmistrust,andsodidotherstoo,tothevalueofwhatwasmentionedbefore。Well,whenMr。BadmanhadwellfeatheredhisNestwithothermensgoodsandmoney,afteralittletime{93c}hebreaks。AndbyandbyitisnoysedabroadthatMr。
BadmanhadshutupShop,wasgone,andcouldtradenolonger。Now,bythattimehisbreakingwascometohisCreditorsears,hehadbyCraftandKnaverymadesosureofwhathehad,thathisCreditorscouldnottouchapenny。Well,whenhehaddone,hesendshismournfullsugeredletterstohisCreditors,toletthemunderstandwhathadhappeneduntohim,anddesiredthemnottobeseverewithhim;{94a}forheboretowardsallmenanhonestmind,andwouldpaysofarashewasable。Nowhesendshislettersbyaman{94b}
confederatewithhim,whocouldmakeboththeworst,andbestofMr。Badmanscase:ThebestforMr。Badman,andtheworstforhisCreditors。Sowhenhecomestothem,hebothbemoansthem,andcondolesMr。Badmanscondition:Tellingofthem,thatwithoutaspeedybringingofthingstoaconclusion,Mr。Badmanwouldbeabletomakethemnosatisfaction,butatpresenthebothcould,andwould,andthattotheutmostofhispower:andtothatend,hedesiredthattheywouldcomeovertohim。Well,hisCreditorsappointhimatime,andcomeover;andhe,meanwhile,authorizesanothertotreatwiththem,butwillnotbeseenhimself,unlessitwasonaSunday,lesttheyshouldsnaphimwithaWrit。SohisdeputedfriendtreatswiththemabouttheirconcernwithMr。
Badman,firsttellingthemofthegreatcarethatMr。Badmantooktosatisfiethemandallmenforwhatsoeverheought,asfarasinhimlay,and,howlittlehethoughtawhilesincetobeinthislowcondition。HepleadedalsothegreatnessofhisCharge,thegreatnessofTaxes,theBadnessofthetimes,andthegreatLossesthathehadbymanyofhiscustomers,someofwhichdiedinhisdebt,otherswererunaway,andformanythatwerealive,heneverexpectedafarthi[n]gfromthem。Yetneverthelesshewouldshewhimselfanhonestman,andwouldpayasfarashewasable;andiftheywerewillingtocometoterms,hewouldmakeacompositionwiththem,forhewasnotabletopaythemall。TheCreditorsaskedwhathewouldgive?{94c}’Twasreplyed,Halfacrowninthepound。Atthistheybegantohuff,andhetorenewhiscomplaintandentreaty;buttheCreditorswouldnothear,andsoforthattimetheirmeetingwithoutsuccessbrokeup。ButafterhisCreditorswereincoolblood,andadmittingofsecondthoughts,andfearinglestdelaysshouldmakethemloseall,theyadmitofaseconddebate,cometogetheragain,andbymanywords,andgreatado,theyobtainedfiveshillingsi’th’pound。{94d}Sothemoneywasproduced,ReleasesandDischargesdrawn,signed,andsealed,Bookscrossed,andallthingsconfirmed;andthenMr。Badmancanputhisheadoutofdoresagain,andbeabettermanthanwhenheshutupShop,byseveralthousandsofpounds。
Atten。Anddidhedothusindeed?
Wise,Yes,once,andagain。Ithinkhebraketwiceorthrice。
Atten。Anddidhedoitbeforehehadneedtodoit?
Wise。Need!Whatdoyoumeanbyneed?thereisnoneedatanytimeforamantoplaytheknave。{95a}Hediditofawickedmind,todefraudandbeguilehisCreditors:hehadwherewithallofhisFather,andalsobyhisWife,tohavelivedupon,withlawfulllabour,likeanhonestman。HehadalsowhenhemadethiswickedBreakthoughhehadbeenaprofuseandprodigalspendertohavepaidhiscreditorstheirowntoafarthing。Buthadhedoneso,hehadnotdonelikehimself,likeMr。Badman;hadhe,Isay,dealtlikeanhonestman,hehadthengoneoutofMr。Badmansroad。Hediditthereforeofadishonestmind,andtoawickedend;towit,thathemighthavewherewithall,howsoeverunlawfullygotten,tofollowhisCupsandQueans,andtoliveinthefullswingeofhislusts,evenashedidbefore。
Atten。WhythiswasameerCheat。
Wise。Itwasacheatindeed。Thiswayofbreaking,itiselsebutamoreneatwayofThieving,ofpickingofpockets,ofbreakingopenofshops,andoftakingfrommenwhatonehasnothingtodowith。Butthoughitseemeasie,itishardtolearn,nomanthathasconsciencetoGodorman,caneverbehisCraftsMasterinthisHellishart。
Atten。Oh!Sirs!whatawickedmanwasthis?
Wise。Awickedmanindeed。Bythisarthecouldtellhowtomakemensendtheirgoodstohisshop,andthenbegladtotakeapennyforthatforwhichhehadpromisedbeforeitcamethither,togivethemaGroat:Isay,hecouldmakethemgladtotakeaCrownforapoundsworth,andathousandforthatforwhichhehadpromisedbeforetogivethemfourthousandpounds。
Atten。ThisargueththatMr。Badmanhadbutlittleconscience。
Wise。ThisarguedthatMr。BadmanhadNoConscienceatall;forConscience,theleastsparkofagoodConsciencecannotendurethis。
Atten。BeforewegoanyfurtherinMr。Badmansmatters,letmedesireyou,ifyouplease,togivemeananswertothesetwoquestions。{96a}
1。WhatdoyoufindintheWordofGodagainstsuchapractice,asthisofMr。Badmansis?{96b}
2。WhatwouldyouhaveamandothatisinhisCreditorsdebt,andcanneitherpayhimwhatbeoweshim,norgooninatradeanylonger?
Wise。IwillansweryouaswellasIcan。Andfirsttothefirstofyourquestions。Towit,WhatIfindintheWordofGodagainstsuchapractice,asthisofMr。Badmansis。
Answ。TheWordofGoddothforbidthiswickedness;andtomakeitthemoreodiousinoureyes,itjoynsitwithTheftandRobbery:
Thoushaltnot,saysGod,defraudthyneighbour,norrobhim。{96c}
Thoushaltnotdefraud,thatis,deceiveorbeguile。Nowthustobreak,istodefraud,deceiveandbeguile;whichis,asyousee,forbiddenbytheGodofHeaven:Thoushaltnotdefraudthyneighbour,norrobhim。Itisakindoftheftandrobbery,thustodefraud,andbeguile。{96d}Itisawilelyrobbingofhisshop,andpickingofhispocket:athingodioustoReasonandConscience,andcontrarytotheLawofnature。Itisadesignedpieceofwickedness,andthereforeadoublesin。Amancannotdothisgreatwickednessonasudden,andthroughaviolentassaultofSatan。Hethatwillcommitthissin,musthavetimetodeliberate,thatbyinvention,hemaymakeitformidable,andthatwithliesandhighdissimulations。Hethatcommitsthiswickedness,mustfirsthatchituponhisbed,beathisheadaboutit,andlayhisplotstrong:Sothattothecompletingofsuchawickedness,theremustbeadjoynedmanysins,andtheytoo,mustgohandinhanduntillitbecompleated。ButwhatsaiththeScripture?{96e}{96f}
Letnomangobeyond,anddefraudhisBrotherinanymatter,becausetheLordistheavengerofallsuch。ButthiskindofBreakingisagoingbeyondmyBrother;ThisisacompassingofhimaboutthatImaycatchhiminmynet;andasIsaid,anarttorobmyBrother,andtopickhispocket,andthatwithhisconsent。
Whichdothnotthereforemitigate,butsomuchthemoregreatenandmakeodioustheoffence。Formenthatarethuswililyabusedcannothelpthemselves,theyaretakeninadeceitfullnet。ButGodwillhereconcernhimself,hewillbetheavenger,hewillbetheavengerofallsucheitherhereorinanotherworld。
Andthis,theApostletestifiesagain,wherehesaith;{97a}Buthethatdothwrong,shallreceiveforthewrongthathehathdone,andthereisnorespectofpersons。{97b}Thatis,thereisnoman,behewhathewill,ifhewillbeguiltyofthissin,ofgoingbeyond,ofbeguilingof,anddoingwrongtohisBrother,butGodwillcallhimtoanaccountforit,andwillpayhimwithvengeanceforittoo;forthereisnorespectofpersons。
Imightadd,thatthissinofwronging,ofgoingbeyond,anddefraudingofmyNeighbour,itislikethatfirstprankthattheDevilplaidwithourfirstParents,{97c}astheAltarthatUriahbuiltforAhaz,wastakenfromthefashionofthatthatstoodatDamascus,tobetheverypatternofit。TheSerpentbeguiledme,saysEve;Mr。BadmanbeguileshisCreditors。TheSerpentbeguiledEvewithlyingpromisesofgain;andsodidMr。BadmanbeguilehisCreditors。TheSerpentsaidonethingandmeantanother,whenhebeguiledEve;andsodidMr。BadmanwhenhebeguiledhisCreditors。
Thatmanthereforethatdoththusdeceiveandbeguilehisneighbour,imitateththeDevil;hetakethhisexamplesfromhim,andnotfromGod,theWord,orgoodmen:andthisdidMr。Badman。
Andnowtoyoursecondquestion:Towit,WhatIwouldhaveamando,thatisinhisCreditorsdebt,andthatcanneitherpayhim,norgooninatradeanylonger?{97d}
Answ。Firstofall。Ifthisbehiscase,andheknowsit,lethimnotrunonepennyfurtherinhisCreditorsdebt。Forthatcannotbedonewithgoodconscience。Hethatknoweshecannotpay,andyetwillrunintodebt;doesknowinglywronganddefraudhisneighbour,andfallsunderthatsentenceoftheWordofGod,Thewickedborrowethandpayethnotagain。Yeaworse,heborrowsthoughattheverysametimeheknowsthathecannotpayagain。HedothalsocraftilytakeawaywhatishisNeighbours。ThatisthereforethefirstthingthatIwouldpropoundtosuch:LethimnotrunanyfurtherintohisCreditorsdebt。{98a}
Secondly,Afterthis,lethimconsider,{98b}how,andbywhatmeanshewasbroughtintosuchacondition,thathecouldnotpayhisjustdebts。Towit,whetheritwasbyhisownremisnessinhisCalling,bylivingtoohighinDyetorApparel,bylendingtooravishinglythatwhichwasnoneofhisown,tohisloss;orwhetherbytheimmediatehandandJudgmentofGod。
Ifbysearching,hefindes,thatthisiscomeuponhimthroughremisnessinhisCalling,ExtravaganciesinhisFamily,orthelike;lethimlabourforasenceofhissinandwickedness,{98c}
forhehassinnedagainsttheLord:First,inhisbeingslothfullinbusiness,andinnotproviding,towit,ofisown,bythesweatofhisbrows,orotherhonestways,forthoseofhisownhouse。
{98d}AndsecondlyinbeinglavishinginDyetandApparelintheFamily,orinlendingtoothersthatwhichwasnoneofhisown。
Thiscannotbedonewithgoodconscience:itisbothagainstreasonandnature,andthereforemustbeasinagainstGod。Isaytherefore,ifthusthisdebtorhathdone,ifeverhewouldlivequietlyinconscience,andcomfortablyinhisconditionforthefuture,lethimhumblehimselfbeforeGod,andrepentofthishiswickedness。Forhethatisslothfullinhiswork,isbrothertohimthatisagreatwaster。{98e}Tobeslothfullandawastertoo,istobeasitwereadoublesinner。
Butagain,asthismanshouldenquireintothesethings,soheshouldalsointothis。HowcameIintothiswayofdealinginwhichIhavenowmiscarried?isitawaythatmyParentsbroughtmeupin,putmeApprenticeto,orthatbyprovidenceIwasfirstthrustinto?orisitawayintowhichIhavetwistedmyself,asnotbeingcontentedwithmyfirstlot,thatbyGodandmyParentsI
wascastinto?Thisoughtdulytobeconsidered。{98f}Andifuponsearch,amanshallfindthatheisoutoftheplaceandCallingintowhichhewasputbyhisParents,ortheProvidenceofGod,andhasmiscarriedinanewway,thatthroughprideanddislikeofhisfirststateheaschoserathertoembrace;hismiscarriageishissin,thefruitofhisPride,andatokenoftheJudgmentofGoduponhimforhisleavingofhisfirststate。Andforthisheought,asfortheformer,tobehumbleandpenitentbeforetheLord。
Butifbysearch,hefinds,thathispovertycamebynoneofthese;
ifbyhonestsearch,hefindsitso,andcansaywithgoodconscience,IwentnotoutofmyplaceandstateinwhichGodbyhisprovidencehadputme;buthaveabodewithGodinthecallingwhereinIwascalled,andhavewroughthard,andfaredmeanly,beencivillyapparelled,andhavenotdirectly,norindirectlymadeawaywithmyCreditorsgoods:ThenhashisfallcomeuponhimbytheimmediatehandofGod,whetherbyvisibleorinvisiblewayes。Forsometimesitcomesbyvisiblewayes,towit,byFire,byThieves,bylossofCattel,orthewickednessofsinfuldealers,&c。Andsometimesbymeansinvisible,andthennomanknowshow;weonlyseethingsaregoing,butcannotseebywhatwaytheygo。Well,Nowsupposethataman,byanimmediatehandofGodisbroughttoamorselofBread,whatmusthedonow?
Ianswer:Hissurestwayisstilltothink,thatthisisthefruitofsomesin,thoughpossiblynotsininthemanagementofhiscalling,yetofsomeothersin。Godcastethawaythesubstanceofthewicked。ThereforelethimstillhumblehimselfbeforehisGod,becausehishandisuponhim,andsay,Whatsinisthis,forwhichthishandofGodisuponme?andlethimbediligenttofinditout,forsomesinisthecauseofthisJudgment;forGoddothnotwillinglyafflictnorgrievethechildrenofmen。Eithertheheartistoomuchsetupontheworld,orReligionistoomuchneglectedinthyFamily,orsomething。ThereisaSnakeinthegrass,aWorminthegourd;somesininthybosom,forthesakeofwhichGoddoththusdealwiththee。
Thirdly,Thisthusdone,letthatmanagainconsiderthuswithhimself:PerhapsGodisnowchangingofmyConditionandstateintheworld;hehasletmeliveinfashion,infulness,andabundanceofworldlyglory,andIdidnottohisgloryimprove,asIshould,thathisgooddispensationtome。{100a}ButwhenIlivedinfullandfatpasture,Ididthereliftuptheheel:ThereforehewillnowturnmeintohardCommons,thatwithleanness,andhunger,andmeanness,andwant,Imayspendtherestofmydays。Butlethimdothiswithoutmurmering,andrepining;lethimdoitinagodlymanner,submittinghimselftotheJudgmentofGod。Lettherichrejoyceinthatheismadelow。{100b}
Thisisduty,anditmaybepriviledgtothosethatareunderthishandofGod。Andforthyencouragementtothishardwork,forthisisahardworkconsiderofthesefourthings。{100c}
1。ThisisrightlyingdownunderGodshand,andthewaytobeexaltedinGodstime:whenGodwouldhaveJobembracetheDunghill,heembracesit,andsays,TheLordgiveth,andtheLordhathtakenaway,blessedbethenameoftheLord。{100d}
2。Consider,Thatthereareblessingsalsothatattendalowcondition,morethanalltheworldareawareof。Apoorconditionhaspreventingmercyattendingofit。Thepoor,becausetheyarepoor,arenotcapableofsinningagainstGodastherichmandoes。
3。ThePoorcanmoreclearlyseehimselfpreservedbytheprovidenceofGodthantherich,forhetrustethintheabundanceofhisriches。{100e}
4。ItmaybeGodhasmadetheepoor,becausehewouldmaketheerich。Hearkenmybelovedbrethren,hathnotGodchosenthepoorofthisworld,richinFaith,andheirsofaKingdomwhichGodhathpromisedtothemthatlovehim?{100f}
Iamperswaded,ifmenuponwhomthishandofGodis,wouldthusquietlylyedown,andhumblethemselvesunderit,theywouldfindmorepeace,yea,moreblessingofGodattendingtheminit,thanthemostofmenareawareof。ButthisisanhardChapter,andthereforeIdonotexpectthatmanyshouldeitherreaditwithpleasure,ordesiretotakemycounsel。
HavingthusspokentotheBrokenman,withreferencetohisownself;IwillnowspeaktohimashestandsrelatedtohisCreditors。
Inthenextplacetherefore,lethimfalluponthemost{101a}
honestwayofdealingwithhisCreditors,andthatIthinkmustbethis。
First,Lethimtimelymakethemacquaintedwithhiscondition,andalsodotothemthesethreethings。
1。Lethimheartily,andunfeignedlyaskthemforgivenessforthewrongthathehasdonethem。
2。Lethimprofferthemall,andthewholeallthateverhehasintheworld;lethimhidenothing,lethimstriphimselftohisraimentforthem;lethimnotkeepaRing,aSpoon,oranythingfromthem。
3。Ifnoneofthesetwowillsatisfiethem,lethimprofferthemhisBody,tobeattheirdispose,towit,eithertoabideimprisonmenttheirpleasure,ortobeattheirservice,tillbylabourandtravelhehathmadethemsuchamendsastheyinreasonthinkfit,onlyreservingsomethingforthesuccourofhispooranddistressedFamilyoutofhislabour,whichinReason,andConscience,andNature,heisboundalsototakecareof:Thusshallhemakethemwhatamendsheisable,fortheWrongthathehathdonetheminwastingandspendingoftheirEstates。
Bythusdoing,hesubmitshimselftoGodsrod,commitshimselftothedisposeofhisProvidence;yea,bythusdoing,hecasteththelotofhispresentandfutureconditionintothelapofhisCreditors,andleavesthewholedisposethereoftotheLord,{101b}
evenasheshallorderandinclinetheirheartstodowithhim。
Andletthatbeeithertoforgivehim;ortotakethatwhichhehathforsatisfaction;ortolayhisbodyunderaffliction,thiswayorthat,accordingtoLaw;canhe,Isay,thusleavethewholedisposetoGod,lettheissuebewhatitwill,thatmanshallhavepeaceinhismindafterward。Andthecomfortsofthatstate,whichwillbecomfortsthatattendEquity,Justice,andDuty,
willbemoreuntohim,becausemoreaccordingtoGodliness,thancanbethecomfortsthatarethefruitsofInjustice,Fraudulency,andDeceit。Besides,thisisthewaytoengageGodtofavourhimbythesentenceofhisCreditors;forHecanentreatthemtousehimkindly,andhewilldoitwhenhiswaysarepleasinginhissight:WhenamanswayspleasetheLord,hisenemiesshallbeatpeacewithhim;{102a}Andsurely,foramantoseektomakerestitutionforwrongsdone,totheutmostofhispower,bywhatheis,has,andenjoysinthisworld,isthebestway,inthatcapacity,andwithreferencetothatthing,thatamancanatthistimebefoundactivein。
Buthethatdothotherwise,abidesinhissin,refusestobedisposedofbytheProvidenceofGod,chusethanhighEstate,thoughnotattainedinGodsway;whenGodsWillis,thatheshoulddescendintoalowone:yea,hedesperatelysaithinhisheartandactions,Iwillbemineownchooser,andthatinmineownway,whateverhappensorfollowsthereupon。
Atten。Youhavesaidwell,inmymind。Butsupposenow,thatMr。
Badmanwashere,couldhenotobjectastowhatyouhavesaid,saying,GoandteachyourBrethren,thatareProfessors,thislesson,forthey,asIam,areguiltyofBreaking;yeaIamapttothink,ofthatwhichyoucallmyKnavishwayofbreaking;towit,ofbreakingbeforetheyhaveneedtobreak。Butifnotso,yettheyareguiltyofneglectintheirCalling,{102b}oflivinghigher,bothinFareandApparrel,thantheirTradeorIncomewillmaintain。Besides,thattheydobreak,alltheworldverywellknowes,andthattheyhavethearttopleadforacomposition,isverywellknowntomen;andthatitisusualwiththem,tohidetheirLinnen,theirPlate,theirJewels,and’tistobethought,sometimesMoneyandGoodsbesides,isascommonasfoureggsapenny。Andthustheybeguilemen,debauchtheirconsciences,sinagainsttheirProfession,andmake,’tistobefeared,theirlustsinallthis,andthefulfillingofthem,theirend。Isay,ifMr。
Badmanwasheretoobjectthusuntoyou,whatwouldbeyourreply?
Wise。What!WhyIwouldsay,IhopenoGoodman,nomanofgoodconscience,nomanthateitherfearethGod,regardeththecreditofReligion,thepeaceofGodspeople,orthesalvationofhisownsoul,willdothus。
Professors,suchperhapstheremaybe,andwho,uponearthcanhelpit?Jadestherebeofallcolours。{103a}Ifmenwillprofess,andmaketheirprofessionastalking-Horsetobeguiletheirneighboursoftheirestates,asMr。Badmanhimselfdid,whenhebeguiledherthatnowiswithsorrowhiswife,whocanhelpit?
TheChurchesofoldwerepesteredwithsuch,andthereforenomarveliftheseperilousdifficulttimesbeso。ButmarkhowtheApostlewordsit:Naydowronganddefraud,andthatyourBrethren:Knowyounot,thattheunrighteousshallnotinherittheKingdomofGod?Benotdeceived,neitherFornicator,norIdolaters,norAdulterers,norEffeminate,norabusersofthemselveswithMankind,norThieves,norCovetous,norDrunkards,norRevilers,norExtortioners,shallinherittheKingdomofGod。
{103b}
Noneoftheseshallbesavedinthisstate,norshallprofessiondeliverthemfromthecensureoftheGodly,whentheyshallbemanifestsuchtobe。Buttheirprofessionwecannothelp:Howcanwehelpit,ifmenshouldascribetothemselvesthetitleofHolyones,Godlyones,Zealousones,Self-denyingones,oranyothersuchglorioustitle?andwhiletheythuscallthemselves,theyshouldbetheveryestRoguesforallevil,sin,andvillanyimaginable,whocouldhelpit?True,theyareascandaltoReligion,agrieftothehonesthearted,anoffencetotheworld,andastumblingstonetotheweak,andtheseoffenceshavecome,docome,andwillcome,dowhatalltheworldcan;butwobetothemthroughwhomtheycome;{103c}letsuchprofessorsthereforedisownedbyalltrueChristians,andletthembereckonedamongthosebasemenoftheworldwhichbysuchactionstheymostresemble:TheyareMr。BadmansKindred。
For{103d}theyareashametoReligion,Isaytheseslithy,rob-
Shop,pick-pocketmen,theyareashametoReligion,andreligiousmenshouldbeashamedofthem。GodputssuchanoneamongtheFoolsoftheworld,thereforeletnotChristiansputthemamongthosethatarewiseforheaven。AsthePartridgesittethoneggs,andhatcheththemnot,sohethatgettethrichesandnotbyright,shallleavetheminthemidstofhisdayes,andathisendshallbeafool。{103e}Andthemanunderconsiderationisoneofthese,andthereforemustlooktofallbythisJudgment。
Aprofessor!andpracticesuchvillianiesasthese!suchanoneisnotworthytobearthatnameanylonger。WemaysaytosuchastheProphetspaketotheirlike,towit,totherebelliousthatwereinthehouseofIsrael。Goeye,serveeverymanhisIdols:-IfyewillnothearkentotheLawandTestamentofGod,toleadyourlivesthereafter:butpolluteGodsholynamenomorewithyourGifts,andwithyourIdols。{104a}
Goeprofessors,Goe;leaveoffprofession,unlessyouwillleadyourlivesaccordingtoyourprofession。Betterneverprofess,thantomakeprofessionastalking-horsetosin,Deceit,totheDevil,andHell。
ThegroundandrulesofReligionallownotanysuchthing:Receiveus,saystheApostle,wehavewrongednoman,wehavecorruptednoman,wehavedefraudednoman。{104b}Intimating,thatthosethatareguiltyofwronging,corruptingordefraudingofany,shouldnotbeadmittedtothefellowshipofSaints,nonorintothecommoncatalogueofBrethrenwiththem。
NorcanmenwithalltheirRhetorick,andEloquentspeakingprovethemselvesfitfortheKingdomofHeaven,ormenofgoodconscienceonearth。{104c}OthatgodlypleaofSamuel:BeholdhereIam,sayshe,witnessagainstme,beforetheLord,andbeforehisAnointed,whoseOxehaveItaken,orwhoseAsshaveItaken,orwhomhaveIdefrauded,whomhaveIoppressed,{104d}&c?Thiswastodolikeamanofgoodconscienceindeed。AndinthishisAppeal,hewassojustifiedintheconscienciesofthewholeCongregation,thattheycouldnotbutwithonevoice,aswithonemouth,breakoutjoyntlyandsay,Thouhastnotdefraudedus,noroppressedus。{104e}
AProfessor,anddefraud,awaywithhim!aProfessorshouldnotoweanymananything,butlove。Aprofessorshouldprovidethings,notofothermens,butofhisown,ofhisownhonestgetting,andthatnotonelyinthesightofGod,butofallmen;thathemayadorntheDoctrineifGodourSaviourinallthings。
Atten。But{105a}supposeGodshouldblowuponaProfessorinhisEstate,andCalling,andheshouldberunoutbeforeheisaware,musthebeaccountedtobelikeMr。Badman,andlieunderthesamereproachashe?
Wise。No:{105b}Ifhehathdutifullydonewhathecouldtoavoidit。ItispossibleforaShiptosinkatsea,notwithstandingthemostfaithfullendeavourofthemostskilfulPilotunderHeaven。
Andthus,asIsuppose,itwaswiththeProphetthatlefthiswifeindebttothehazardingtheslaveryofherchildrenbytheCreditors。{105c}Hewasnoprofuseman,noronethatwasgiventodefraud,fortheTextsayshefearedGod;yet,asIsaid,hewasrunoutmorethanshecouldpay。
IfGodwouldblowuponaman,whocanhelpit?andhewilldososometimes,{105d}becausehewillchangedispensationswithmen,andbecausehewilltryetheirGraces。{105e}Yea,alsobecausehewilloverthrowthewickedwithhisJudgments;andallthesethingsareseeninJob。Butthentheconsiderationofthis,shouldbidmenhaveacarethattheybehonest,lestthiscomesuponthemfortheirsin:Itshouldalsobidthembewareoflaunchingfurtherintotheworld,thaninanhonestwaybyordinarymeanstheycanGodlilymaketheirretreat;forthefurtherin,thegreaterfall。
Itshouldalsoteachthem,tobeggofGodhisblessingupontheirendeavours,theirhonestandlawfullendeavours。Anditshouldputthemuponadiligentlookingtotheirsteps,thatifintheirgoingtheyshouldheartheIcecrack,theymaytimelygoebackagain。
Thesethingsconsidered,andduelyputinpractice,ifGodwillblowuponaman,thenlethimbecontent,andwithJobembracethedunghill;lethimgiveuntoalltheirdues,andnotfightagainsttheProvidenceofGod,buthumblehimselfratherunderhismightyhand,whichcomestostriphimnakedandbare:forhethatdothotherwise,fightsagainstGod;anddeclaresthatheisastrangertothatofPaul;Iknowbothhowtobeabased,andIknowhowtoabound;everywhere,inallthings,Iaminstructedbothtobefull,andtobehungry,bothtoabound,andtosufferneed。{105f}
Atten。ButMr。Badmanwouldnot,Ibelieve,haveputthisdifference’twixtthingsfeigned,andthosethatfallofnecessity。
Wise。Ifhewillnot,Godwill,Consciencewill;andthatnotthineownonly,buttheConsciencesofallthosethathaveseentheway,andthathaveknownthetruthoftheconditionofsuchanone。
Atten。Well:Letusatthistimeleavethismatter,andreturnagaintoMr。Badman。
Wise。WithallmyheartwillIproceedtogiveyouarelationofwhatisyetbehindofhisLife,inordertoourdiscourseofhisDeath。
Atten。Butpraydoitwithasmuchbrevityasyoucan。
Wise。Why?areyouawearyofmyrelatingofthings?
Atten。No。Butitpleasesmetohearagreatdealinfewwords。
Wise。Iprofessnotmyselfanartistthatway,butyetasbrieflyasIcan,IwillpassthroughwhatofhisLifeisbehind;andagainIshallbeginwithhisfraudulentdealingasbeforeIhaveshewedwithhisCreditors,sonowwithhisCustomers,andthosethathehadotherwisetodealwithall。
HedealtbydeceitfullWeightsandMeasures。{106a}Hekeptweightstobuyby,andweightstosellby;measurestobuyby,andmeasurestosellby:thoseheboughtbyweretoobig,thosehesoldbyweretoolittle。
Besides,hecoulduseathingcalledslightofhand,ifhehadtodowithothermensweightsandmeasures,andbythatmeansmakethemwhetherhedidbuyorsell,yeathoughhisCustomerorChapmanlookedon,turntohisownadvantage。
Moreover,hehadthearttomisreckonmenintheirAccountswhetherbyweight,ormeasure,ormoney,andwouldoftendoittohisworldlyadvantage,andtheirloss:WhatsayyoutoMr。Badmannow?
Andifaquestionwasmadeofhisfaithfulldealing,hehadhisservantsready,thattohispurposehehadbroughtup,thatwouldavouchandsweartohisBook,orword:thiswasMr。Badmanspractice;WhatthinkyouofMr。Badmannow?
Atten。Think!WhyIcanthinknootherbutthathewasamanlefttohimself,anaughtyman;forthese,ashisother,werenaughtythings;ifthetree,asindeeditmay,oughttobejudged,whatitisbyitsfruits;thenMr。BadmanmustneedsbeabadTree。Butpray,formyfurthersatisfaction,shewmenowbytheWordofGod,evilofthishispractice:andfirstofhisusingfalseWeightsandMeasures。
Wise。Theevilofthat!whytheevilofthatappearstoeveryeye:
theHeathens,thatlivelikeBeastsandBruitsinmanythings,doabominateandabhorrsuchwickednessasthis。Letamanbutlookuponthesethingsashegoesby,andheshallseeenoughinthemfromthelightofnaturetomakehimloathsobaseapractice;
althoughMr。Badmanlovedit。
Atten。ButshewmesomethingoutoftheWordagainstit,willyou?
Wise。Iwillwillinglydoit。AndfirstwewilllookintotheOldTestament:{107a}Youshall,saithGodthere,donounrighteousnessinJudgment,inmete-yard,inweightsorinmeasures,ajustBallance,ajustWeight,ajustEphah,andajustHinshallyouhave。{107b}ThisistheLawofGod,andthatwhichallmenaccordingtotheLawofthelandoughttoobey。Soagain:
YeshallhavejustBallances,andajustEphah,&c。{107c}
NowhavingshewedyoutheLaw,IwillalsoshewyouhowGodtakesswervingtherefrom。AfalseBallanceisnotgood;afalseBallanceisanabominationtotheLord。{107d}SomehavejustWeightsbutfalseBallances,andbyvertueofthosefalseBallances,bytheirjustWeights,theydeceivetheCountrey:{107e}Wherefore,GodfirstofallcommandsthattheBallancebemadeJust:AjustBallanceshaltthouhave。Elsetheymaybe,yeaare,decievers,notwithstandingtheirjustweights。
Now,havingcommandedthatmenhaveajustBallance,andtestifyingthatafalseoneisanabominationtotheLord,heproceedethalsountoweightandmeasure。
Thoushaltnothaveinthybagdiversweights,agreatandasmall;
{107f}thatisonetobuyby,andanothertosellby,asMr。Badmanhad。Thoushaltnothaveinthyhousediversmeasures,agreatandasmall,andthesehadMr。Badmanalsobutthoushalthaveaperfectandajustweight;aperfectandajustmeasureshaltthouhave,thatthydaysmaybelengthenedinthelandwhichtheLordthyGodgiveththee。Forallthatdosuchthings,thatis,thatusefalseWeightsandMeasuresandallthatdounrighteouslyareabominationtotheLord。Seenowbothhowplentiful,andhowpunctualtheScriptureisinthismatter。Butperhapsitmaybeobjected,thatallthisisoldLaw,andthereforehathnothingtodowithusundertheNewTestament。NotthatIthinkyou,neighbour,willobjectthus:Well,tothisfoolishobjection,letusmakeanAnswer。First,hethatmakesthisobjection,ifhedothittooverthrowtheauthorityofthoseTexts,{108a}discovereththathimselfisfirstcousentoMr。Badman:ForaJustmaniswillingtospeakreverentlyofthosecommands。Thatmanthereforehath,Idoubt,butlittleconscience,ifanyatallthatisgood,thatthusobjectethagainsttheText:butletuslookintotheNewTestament,andthereweshallseehowChristconfirmeththesame:
Wherehecommandeththatmenmaketoothersgoodmeasure,includingalsothattheymakegoodweight;tellingsuchthatdoethus,orthosethatdoitnot,thattheymaybeencouragedtodoit;Goodmeasure,presseddown,shakentogether,andrunningover,shallmengiveintoyourbosom;forwiththesamemeasurethatyemetewithall,itshallbemeasuredtoyouagain:{108b}Towit,bothfromGodandman。ForasGodwillshewhisindignationagainstthefalseman,bytakingawayeventhathehath,sohewilldeliverupthefalsemantotheOppressor,andtheExtortionershallcatchfromhim,aswellashehathcatchedfromhisneighbour;thereforeanotherScripturesaith,Whenthoushaltceasetodealtreacherously,theyshalldealtreacherouslywiththee。ThattheNewTestamentalso,hathaninspectionintomensTrading,yeaevenwiththeirweightsandmeasures,isevidentfromthesegeneralexhortations。{108c}Defraudnot;lyenotonetoanother;letnomangoebeyondhisbrotherinanymatter,forGodistheavengerofallsuch:whatsoeveryoudo,doitheartily,asuntotheLord,doingallinhisname,tohisglory;andthelike。Alltheseinjunctionsandcommandmentsdorespectourlifeandconversationamongmen,withreferencetoourdealing,trading,andsoconsequentlytheyforbidfalse,deceitful,yeaalldoingsthatarecorrupt。
Havingthusinawordortwoshewedyou,thatthesethingsarebad;
Iwillnext,fortheconvictionofthosethatusethem,shewyou,whereGodsaiththeyaretobefound。{109a}
1。Theyarenottobefoundinthehouseofthegoodandgodlyman,forhe,ashisGod,abhorrsthem;buttheyaretobefoundinthehouseofevildoers,{109b}suchasMr。Badmansis。Arethere,saiththeProphet,yetthetreasuresofwickednessinthehouseofthewicked,andthescantmeasurethatisabomination?{109c}Aretheythereyet,notwithstandingGodsforbidding,notwithstandingGodstokensofangeragainstthosethatdosuchthings?Ohowlothisawickedmantoletgoeasweet,againfulsin,whenhehathholdofit!Theyholdfastdeceit,theyrefusetoletitgoe。
2。ThesedeceitfulWeightsandMeasuresarenottobefoundinthehouseoftheMercifull,butinthehouseoftheCruel;inthehouseofthemthatlovetooppress。{109d}TheBallancesofdeceitareinhishand,helovethtooppress。{109e}Heisgiventooppressionandcruelty,thereforeheusethsuchwickedthingsinhiscalling。Yeaheisaverycheat,andaswashintedbefore,concerningMr。Badmansbreaking,soIsaynow,concerninghisusingthesedeceitfulweightsandmeasures,itisasbad,asbase,astotakeapurse,orpickapocket;foritisaplainrobbery,ittakesawayfromamanthatwhichishisown,eventhepriceofhismoney。
3。ThedeceitfulWeightsandMeasuresarenottobefoundinthehouseofsuchasrelievethebelly,andthatcovertheloynsofthepoor,butofsuchasindeedwouldswallowthemup。{109f}Hearyethis,yethatswallowuptheneedy,andthatmakethepoorofthelandtofail,saying,WhenwillthenewMoonbegonethatwemaysellcorn,andtheSabbaththatwemaysetforthWheat,makingtheEphahsmallandtheShecklegreat,makingtheMeasuresmall,andthePricegreatandfalsifyingtheBallancesbydeceit,thatyemaybuythepoorforsilver,andtheneedyforapairofshooes,andselltherefuseoftheWheat。TheLordhathswornbytheexcellencieofJacob,surelyIwillnotforgetanyoftheirworks。
{109g}SodetestableandvileathingisthisinthesightofGod。
4。Godabominatesthethoughtsofcallingofthosethatusefalseweightsandmeasures,byanyothertermthan,thattheybeImpureones{110a}orthelike:ShallIcountthempuresaithhewiththebagofdeceitfulweights?{110b}nobynomeans,theyareimpureones,theirhandsaredefiled,deceitfulgainisintheirhouses,theyhavegottenwhattheyhavebycovetinganevilCovetousness,andthereforemustandshallbecountedamongtheimpure,amongthewickedoftheworld。
ThusyouseehowfullandplaintheWordofGodis,againstthissin,andthemthatuseit。AndthereforeMr。Badman,forthatheusedbythesethingsthustorookandcheathisneighbours,isrightlyrejectedfromhavinghisNamein,andamongthecatalogueofthegodly。
Atten。ButIamperswaded,thattheusingofthesethings,andthedoingbythemthusdeceitfully,isnotcountedsogreatanevilbysome。
Wise。Whetheritbecountedaneviloravertue,bymen,itmatterethnot;youseebytheScriptures,theJudgmentofGoduponit。ItwasnotcountedanevilbyMr。Badman,norisitbyanythatstillaretreadinginhissteps。But,Isay,’tisnomatterhowmenesteemofthings,letusadheretotheJudgmentofGod。
Andtherather,becausewhenweourselveshavedoneweighingandmeasuringtoothers,thenGodwillweighandmeasurebothusandouractions。Andwhenhedothso,ashewilldoshortly,thenwobetohimtowhom,andofwhoseactionsitshallbethussaidbyhim:Tekel,ThouartweighedintheBallances,andartfoundwanting。{110c}Godwillthenrecompensetheirevilofdeceivingupontheirownhead,whenheshallshutthemoutofhispresence,favour,andkingdom,foreverandever。
Atten。But’tisawonder,thatsinceMr。Badmanscommonpracticewastodothus,thatsomeoneormoredidnotfindhimout,andblamehimforthishiswickedness。
Wise。Forthegeneralityofpeople,hewentawaycleverwithhisKnavery。ForwhatwithhisBallance,hisfalseBallance,andgoodweight,andwhatwithhisslightofhandtoboot,hebeguiled,sometimesalittle,andsometimesmore,mostthathehadtodealwith:Besides,thosethatusethisnaughtytrade,areeithersuchasblindmenwithashewofReligion,orbyhectoringthebuyeroutbywords。ImustconfessMr。Badmanwasnotsoarchatthefirst;
{111a}thatis,todoitbyshewofReligion;fornowhebegantogrowthreadbare,thoughsomeofhisbrethrenarearchenoughthisway,yeaandofhissisterstoo,forItoldyouatfirstthattherewasagreatmanyofthem,andofthemgood:butforhectoring,forswearing,forlying,ifthesethingswouldmakeweightandmeasure,theyshouldnotbewantingtoMr。BadmansCustomers。
Atten。ThenitseemhekeptgoodWeights,andabadBallance;wellthatwasbetterthanthatbothshouldbebad。
Wise。Notatall。Therelaythedepthofhisdeceit:{111b}Forifanyatanytimefoundfault,thatheusedthemhardly,andthattheywantedtheirweightofthings;hewouldreply:Whydidyounotseethemweighed?willyounotbelieveyourowneyes:Ifyouquestionmyweights,praycarrythemwhetheryouwill,Iwillmaintainthemtobegoodandjust。Thesamehewouldsayofhisscales。Soheblindedall,byhisBallance。
Atten。Thisiscunningindeed:butasyousay,theremustbealsosomethingdoneorsaid,toblindtherewith,andthisIperceiveMr。
Badmanhad。
Wise。Yes。Hehadmanywaystoblind,buthewasnevercleveratit,bymakingashewofReligion,thoughhecheatedhiswifetherewith:forhewas,especiallybythosethatdweltnearhim,toowellknowntodothat,thoughhewouldbungleatitaswellashecould。Buttherearesomethatarearchvillainsthisway;theyshalltoviewliveawholelifeReligiously,andyetshallbeguiltyofthesemosthorriblesins:AndyetReligioninitselfisnevertheworse,noryetthetrueprofessorsofit。ButasLuthersays,InthenameofGodbeginsallmischief。ForHypocriteshavenootherwaytobringtheirevilstomaturity,butbyusingandmixingtheNameofGodandReligiontherewith。{112b}ThustheybecomewhitedWalls;{112a}forbythiswhite,thewhiteofReligion,thedirtoftheiractionsishid。Thusalsotheybecomegravesthatappearnot,andtheythatgoeoverthem,thathavetodowiththemarenotawareofthem,butsufferthemselvestobedeludedbythem。Yea,ifthereshall,astherewillsometimes,riseadoubtintheheartofthebuyerabouttheweightandmeasureheshouldhave,why,hesufferethhisverysencestobealsodeluded,byrecallingofhisChapmansReligiontomind,andthinksverilythatnothisgoodchapmanbuthimselfisout;forhedreamsnotthathischapmancandeceive。Butifthebuyershallfinditout,andshallmakeitapparent,thatheisbeguiled;thenshallhebehealedbyhavingamendsmade,andperhapsfaultshallbelaiduponservants,&c。andsoMasterCheatshallstandforarighthonestmanintheeyeofhisCustomer,thoughthenexttimeheshallpickhispocketagain。
Some{112c}pleadCustomfortheirCheat,asifthatcouldacquitthembeforetheTribunalofGod:Andotherssay,itcametothemforsomuch,andthereforeanothermusttakeitforsomuch,thoughthereiswantingbothastoweightandmeasure:butinallthesethingsthereareJuggles;orifnot,suchmustknow,{112d}Thatthatwhichisaltogetherjust,theymustdoe。SupposethatIbecheatedmyselfwithabrasshalf-Crown,mustIthereforecheatanothertherewith?ifthisbebadinthewhole,itisalsobadintheparts。Thereforehoweverthouaredealtwithallinthybuying,yetthoumustdealjustlyinselling,orthousinnestagainstthysoul,andartbecomeasMr。Badman。Andknow,thatapretencetocustomisnothingworth。’Tisnotcustom,butgoodconsciencethatwillhelpatGodsTribunal。
Atten。ButIamperswaded,thatthatwhichisgottenbymenthisway,doththembutlittlegood。
Wise。Iamofyourmindforthat,butthisisnotconsideredbythosethusminded。Foriftheycangetit,thoughtheyget,aswesay,theDevilandall,bytheirgetting,yettheyarecontent,andcountthattheirgettingismuch。
Littlegood!Whydoyouthinktheyconsiderthat?No:nomorethantheyconsiderwhattheyshalldoeintheJudgment,atthedayofGodAlmighty,fortheirwronggettingofwhattheyget,andthatisjustnothingatall。{113a}
Buttogiveyouamoredirectanswer。Thiskindofgetting,issofarofffromdoingthemlittlegood,thatitdoththemnogoodatall;becausetherebytheylosetheirownsouls;Whatshallitprofitamanifheshallgainthewholeworld,andlosehisownsoul?{113b}Heloseththen,helosethgreatlythatgettethafterthisfashion。Thisisthemanthatispenny-wise,andpound-
foolish;thisishethatlosethhisgoodSheepforahalfpennyworthoftarr;thatlosethasoulforalittleoftheworld。Andthenwhatdothhegetthereby,butlossanddammage?{113c}Thushegetteth,orratherlosethabouttheworldtocome:Butwhatdothhegetinthisworld,morethantravelandsorrowvexationofspirit,anddisappointment?Menaimatblessednessingetting,I
mean,attemporalblessedness;butthemanthatthusgetteth,shallnothavethat。ForthoughanInheritanceafterthismannermaybehastilygottenatthebeginning,yettheendthereofshallnotbeblessed。Theygatheritindeed,andthinktokeepittoo,butwhatsaysSolomon?Godcastethitaway。TheLordwillnotsufferthesouloftherighteoustofamish,buthecastethawaythesubstanceofthewicked。
Thetime,asIsaid,thattheydoenjoyit,itshalldoethemnogoodatall;butlongtobesuretheymustnothaveit。ForGodwilleithertakeitawayintheirlifetime,orelseinthegenerationfollowing,accordingtothatofJob:He,thewicked,mayprepareit,butthejustshallputiton,andtheinnocentshalldividethesilver。{113d}
ConsiderthatalsothatiswrittenintheProverbs:AgoodmanleavethanInheritancetohischildrenschildren,andthewealthofthesinnerislaidupforthejust。{113e}Whatthendothhegetthereby,thatgettethbydishonestmeans?whyhegettethSinandWrath,HellandDamnation:andnowtellmehowmuchhedothget。
This,Isay,ishisgetting;sothatasDavidsays,wemaybeboldtosaytoo:Ibeheldthewickedingreatprosperity,andpresentlyIcursedhishabitation:foritcannotprosperwithhim。Flusterandhuff,andmakeadoeforawhilehemay,butGodhathdeterminedthatbothheanditshallmeltlikegrease,andanyobservingmanmayseeitso。Behold,theunrighteousmaninawayofInjusticegettethmuch,andloadethhimselfwiththickClay,butanonitwithereth,itdecayeth,andevenhe,ortheGenerationfollowingdecline,andreturntobeggery。
AndthisMr。Badman,notwithstandinghiscunningandcraftytrickstogetmoney,diddye,nobodycantellwhetherworthafarthingorno。
Atten。Hehadallthebadtricks,Ithink,thatitwaspossibleforamantohave,togetmoney;onewouldthinkthatheshouldabeenrich。
Wise。Youreckontoofast,ifyoucounttheseallhisbadtrickstogetmoney:Forhehadmorebesides。{114a}
IfhiscustomerswereinhisBooksasitshouldgoehardbuthewouldhavethemthere;atleast,ifhethoughthecouldmakeanyadvantageofthem,then,thenwouldhebesuretoimposeuponthemhisworst,evenverybadComodity,yetsetdownforitthepricethatthebestwassoldat:likethosethatsoldtheRefuseWheat,ortheworstofthewheat;makingtheShecklegreat,{114b}yethoistinguptheprice:ThiswasMr。Badmansway。He{114c}wouldsellgoodsthatcosthimnotthebestpricebyfar,forasmuchashesoldthebestofallfor。Hehadalsoatricktominglehiscomodity,thatthatwhichwasbadmightgoeoffwiththelessmistrust。
Besides,ifhiscustomersatanytimepaidhimmoney,letthemlooktothemselves,andtotheirAcquitances,forhewouldusuallyattempttocallforthatpaymentagain,speciallyifhethoughtthattherewashopesofmakingaprizethereby,andthentobesureiftheycouldnotproducegoodandsufficientgroundofthepayment,ahundredtoonebuttheypayeditagain。SometimesthehonestChapmanwouldappealtohisservantsforproofofthepaymentofmoney,buttheyweretrainedupbyhimtosayafterhismind,rightorwrong:sothat,reliefthatway,hecouldgetnone。
Atten。Itisabad,yeaanabominablethingforamantohavesuchservants。Forbysuchmeansapoorcustomermaybeundoneandnotknowhowtohelphimself。Alas!ifthemasterbesounconscionable,asIperceiveMr。Badmanwas,tocallforhismoneytwice,andifhisservantwillswearthatitisaduedebt,whereisanyhelpforsuchaman?hemustsink,thereisnoremedy。
Wise。Thisisverybad,butthishasbeenapractice,andthathundredsofyearsagoe。ButwhatsaiththeWordofGod?Iwillpunishallthosethatleapuponthethreshold,whichfilltheirmastershouseswithviolenceanddeceit。{115a}{115b}
Mr。Badmanalsohadthisart;couldhegetamanatadvantage,thatis,ifhischapmandurstnotgofromhim,orifthecomodityhewantedcouldnotforthepresentbeconvenientlyhadelsewhere;
Thenlethimlooktohimself,hewouldsurelymakehispurse-
stringscrack;hewouldexactuponhimwithoutanypityorconscience。
Atten。ThatwasExtortion,wasitnot?IprayletmehearyourJudgmentofExtortion,whatitis,andwhencommitted?
Wise。Extortion{115c}isascrewingfrommenmorethanbytheLawofGodormenisright;anditiscommittedsometimesbytheminOffice,aboutFees,Rewards,andthelike:but’tismostcommonlycommittedbymenofTrade,whowithoutallconscience,whentheyhavetheadvantage,willmakeapreyoftheirneighbour。AndthuswasMr。BadmananExtortioner;foralthoughhedidnotexact,andforceaway,asBailifsandClarkshaveusedtodoe;yethehadhisopportunities,andsuchcrueltytomakeuseofthem,thathewouldoften,inhisway,beExtorting,andforcingofmoneyoutofhisNeighbourspocket。Foreverymanthatmakesapreyofhisadvantageuponhisneighboursnecessities,toforcefromhimmorethaninreasonandconscience,accordingtothepresentprizesofthingssuchcomodityisworth;mayverywellbecalledanExtortioner,andJudgedforonethathathNoinheritanceintheKingdomofGod。{115d}
Atten。Well,thisBadmanwasasadwretch。
Wise。Thusyouhaveoftensaidbefore。Butnowweareindiscourseofthis,givemeleavealittletogoeon。WehaveagreatmanypeopleintheCountreytoothatlivealltheirdayesinthepractice,andsoundertheguiltofExtortion:people,alas!
thatthinkscorntobesoaccounted。
AsforExample:{116a}Thereisapoorbodythatdwells,wewillsuppose,somanymilesfromtheMarket;andthismanwantsaBushelofGrist,apoundofButter,oraCheeseforhimself,hiswifeandpoorchildren:ButdwellingsofarfromtheMarket,ifhegoesthither,heshalllosehisdayeswork,whichwillbeeightpenceortenpencedammagetohim,andthatissomethingtoapoorman。SohegoethtooneofhisMastersorDamesforwhathewanteth,andasksthemtohelphimwithsuchathing:Yes,saythey,youmayhaveit;butwithalltheywillgivehimagripe,perhapsmakehimpayasmuchormoreforitathome,astheycangetwhentheyhavecarryeditfivemilestoaMarket,yeaandthattoofortheRefuseoftheirCommodity。ButinthistheWomenareespeciallyfaulty,inthesaleoftheirButterandCheese,&c。NowthisisakindofExtortion,itisamakingapreyofthenecessityofthepoor,itisagrindingoftheirfaces,abuyingandsellingofthem。
Butaboveall,your{116b}Hucksters,thatbuyupthepoormansVictualsbywhole-sale,andsellittohimagainforunreasonablegains,byretale,andaswecallit,bypiecemeal;theyaregotintoaway,afterastingeingrate,toplaytheirgameuponsuchbyExtortion:ImeansuchwhobuyupButter,Cheese,Eggs,Bacon,&c。
bywholesale,andsellitagainastheycallitbypennyworths,twopennyworths,ahalfpennyworth,orthelike,tothepoor,alltheweekafterthemarketispast。
These,thoughIwillnotcondemnthemall,do,manyofthem,biteandpinchthepoorbythiskindofevildealing。Thesedestroythepoorbecauseheispoor,andthatisagrievoussin。Hethatoppresseththepoortoincreasehisriches,andthatgivethtotherich,shallsurelycometowant。{116c}Thereforehesaithagain,Robnotthepoorbecauseheispoor,neitheroppresstheafflictedinthegate;fortheLordwillpleadtheircause,andspoilthesoulofthemthatspoilethem。
Ohthathethatgripethandgrindeththefaceofthepoor,wouldtakenoticeofthesetwoScriptures!HereisthreatnedthedestructionoftheEstate,yeaandoftheSoultoo,ofthemthatoppressthepoor。TheirSoulweshallbetterseewhere,andinwhatconditionthatisin,whenthedayofDoomiscome;butfortheEstatesofsuch,theyusuallyquicklymoulter;andthatsometimesallmen,andsometimesnomanknowshow。
Besides,theseareUsurers,yeatheytakeusuryforvictuals,whichthingtheLordhasforbidden。{117a}AndbecausetheycannotsowelldoitontheMarket-day,thereforetheydoit,asIsaid,whenthemarketisover;forthenthepoorfallsintotheirmouths,andarenecessitatedtohave,astheycan,fortheirneed,andtheyareresolvedtheyshallpaysoundlyforit。Perhapssomewillfindfaultformymedlingthuswithotherfolksmatters,andformythuspryingintothesecretsoftheiriniquity。ButtosuchIwouldsay,sincesuchactionsareevil,’tistimetheywerehissedoutoftheworld。Forallthatdoesuchthings,offendagainstGod,wrongtheirneighbour,andlikeMr。BadmandoeprovokeGodtoJudgment。
Godknows,thereisabundanceofdeceitintheworld!
Wise。Deceit!Aie,butIhavenottoldyouthethousandthpartofit;norisitmybusinessnowtoraketothebottomofthatdunghill:whatwouldyousay,ifIshouldanatomizesomeofthosevilewretchescalledPawn-Brokers,thatlendMoneyandGoodstopoorpeople,whoarebynecessityforcedtosuchaninconvenience;
andwillmake,byonetrickorother,theInterestofwhattheysolend,amounttothirty,forty,yeasometimesfiftypoundbytheyear;nothwithstandingthePrincipalissecuredbyasufficientpawn;whichtheywillkeeptooatlast,iftheycanfindanyshifttocheatthewretchedborrower。
Atten。Say!WhysuchMiscreantsarethepestandVerminoftheCommon-Wealth,notfitforthesocietyofmen;butmethinksbysomeofthosethingsyouDiscoursedbefore,youseemtoimportthatitisnotlawfulforamantomakethebestofhisown。
Wise。Ifbymakingthebest,youmean,tosellforasmuchasbyhookorcrookhecangetforhiscomodity;thenIsay,itisnotlawful。AndifIshouldsaythecontrary,IshouldjustifieMr。
BadmanandalltherestofthatGang:butthatInevershalldoe,fortheWordofGodcondemnsthem。Butthatitisnotlawfulforamanatalltimes,tosellhiscommodityforasmuchashecan,I
provebythesereasons。{118a}
First,Ifitbelawfulformealwaytosellmycommodityasdear,orforasmuchasIcan,then’tislawfulformetolayasideinmydealingwithothers,goodconscience,tothem,andtoGod:butitisnotlawfulforme,inmydealingwithothers,tolayasidegoodconscience,&c。Thereforeitisnotlawfulformealwaystosellmycommodityasdear,orforasmuchasIcan。
That{118b}itisnotlawfultolayasidegoodconscienceinourdealings,hasalreadybeenprovedintheformerpartofourdiscourse:butthatamanmustlayitasidethatwillsellhiscommodityalwaysasdearorforasmuchashecan,isplainlymanifestthus。
1。Hethatwillasismentionedaforesellhiscommodityasdearashecan,mustsometimesmakeapreyoftheignoranceofhischapman:{118c}butthathecannotdoewithagoodconscienceforthatistooverreach,andtogoebeyondmychapman,andisforbidden,1Thess。4。6。Thereforehethatwillsellhiscommodity,asafore,asdear,orforasmuchashecan,mustofnecessitylayasidegoodconscience。
2。Hethatwillsellhiscommodityalwaysasdearashecan,mustneeds,sometimesmakeapreyofhisneighboursnecessity;{118d}
butthathecannotdoewithagoodconscience,forthatistogoebeyondanddefraudhisneighbour,contraryto1Thess。4。6。
Thereforehethatwillsellhiscommodity,asafore,asdear,orforasmuchashecan,mustneedscastoffandlayasideagoodconscience。
3。Hethatwillasaforesellhiscommodityasdear,orforasmuchashecan,must,ifneedbe,makeapreyofhisneighboursfondness;butthatamancannotdoewithagoodconscience,{119a}
forthatisstillagoingbeyondhim,contraryto1Thess。4。6。
Therefore,hethatwillsellhiscommodityasdear,orforasmuchashecan,mustneedscastoff,andlayasidegoodconscience。
Thesamealsomaybesaidforbuying;nomanmayalwaysbuyascheapashecan,butmustalsousegoodconscienceinbuying;
{119b}Thewhichhecanbynomeansuseandkeep,ifhebuyesalwaysascheapashecan,andthatforthereasonsurgedbefore。
Forsuchwillmakeapreyoftheignorance,necessity,andfondnessoftheirchapman,thewhichtheycannotdoewithagoodconsceince。
WhenAbrahamwouldbuyaBurying-placeoftheSonsofHeth,thushesaiduntothem。IntreatformetoEphronthesonofZohar,thathemaygivemethecaveofMachpelah,whichhehath,intheendhisfield。Forasmuchasitisworthshallhegiveitme。Gen。23。
8,9。{110c}Hewouldnothaveitunderfoot,hescornedit,heabhoredit:ItstoodnotwithhisReligion,Credit,norConscience。SoalsowhenDavid,wouldbuyafieldofOrnontheJebusite:Thushesaiduntohim:Grantmetheplacethethreshing-floor,thatImaybuildanAltarthereuntotheLord。
Thoushaltgiveitmeforthefullprice。{119d}Healso,asAbraham,madeconscienceofthiskindofdealing:hewouldnotlieatcatchtogobeyond,nonottheJebusite,butwillgivehimhisfullpriceforhisfield。Forheknewthattherewaswickedness,asinsellingtoodearsoinbuyingtoocheap,thereforehewouldnotdoit。
Thereoughtthereforetobegoodconscienceused,asinselling,soinbuying;for’tisalsounlawfulforamantogoebeyondortodefraudhisneighbourinbuying;yea’tisunlawfultodoeitinanymatter,andGodwillplentifullyavengethatwrong:asIalsobeforehaveforewarnedandtestified。Seealsothe{119e}textinthemargent。But,Secondly,ifitbelawfulformealwaystosellmycommodityasdear,orforasmuchasIcan,thenitislawfulformetodealwithmyneighbourwithouttheuseof{120a}charity:butitisnotlawfulformetolayaside,ortodealwithmyneighbourwithouttheuseofcharity,thereforeitisnotlawfulformealwaystosellmycommoditytomyneighbourforasmuchasIcan。AmanindealingshouldasreallydesignhisNeighboursgood,profit,andadvantage,ashisown:ForthisistoexerciseCharityinhisdealing。
ThatIshouldthususe,orexercisecharitytowardsmyNeighbourinmybuyingandselling,&c。withhim,isevidentfromthegeneralcommand:[Letallyourthingsbedoneincharity:]{120b}Butthatamancannotliveintheexerciseofcharity,thatselleth,asafore,asdear,orthatbuyethascheapashecan,isevidentbythesereasons。
1。Hethatsellshiscommodityasdear,orforasmuchmoneyalwaysashecan,seekshimself,andhimselfonly;butcharityseekethnotherown,norherownonly{120c}:Sothen,hethatseekshimself,andhimselfonely,ashethatsellsasaforeasdearashecan,does;makethnotuseof,nordothheexercisecharity,inhissodealing。
2。Hethatsellethhiscommodityalwaysforasmuchashecanget,hardenethhisheartagainstallreasonableentreatiesofthebuyer。Buthethatdothso,cannotexercisecharityinhisdealing;thereforeitisnotlawfulforamantosellhiscommodity,asafore,asdearashecan。
Thirdly,Ifitbelawfulformetosellmycommodity,asafore,asdearasIcan,thentherecanbenosininmyTrading,howunreasonablysoeverImanagemycalling,whetherbyLying,Swearing,Cursing,Cheating;forallthisisbuttosellmycommodityasdearasIcan:butthatthereissininthese,isevident,thereforeImaynotsellmycommodityalwaysasdearasI
can。{120d}{120e}
Fourthly,Hethatsells,asafore,asdearashecan,offerethviolencetothelawofNature:{121b}forthatsaith,Doeuntoallmen,evenasyewouldthattheyshoulddoeuntoyou。{121a}Now,wastheSelleraBuyer,hewouldnotthatheofwhomhebuyes,shouldsellhimalwaysasdearashecan;thereforeheshouldnotsellsohimself,whenitishislottosell,andotherstobuyofhim。
Fifthly,Hethatselleth,asafore,asdearashecan,makesuseofthatinstruction,thatGodhathnotgiventoothers,butsealedupinhishand,{121c}toabusehisLaw,andtowronghisneighbourwithall:whichindeediscontrarytoGod。{121d}Godhathgiventheemoreskill,moreknowledgeandunderstandinginthycommoditythanhehathgiventohimthatwouldbuyofthee。Butwhat!canstthouthink,thatGodhasgiventheethis,thatthoumightesttherebymakeapreyofthyneighbour?thatthoumightesttherebygoebeyondandbeguilethyneighbour?No,verily;buthehathgiventheeit,forhishelp;thatthoumightestinthis,beeyestotheblind,andsavethyneighbourfromthatdammage,thathisignorance,ornecessity,orfondnesswouldbetrayhimintothehandsof。
Sixthly,Inallthatamandoes,heshouldhaveaneyetothegloryofGod,{121f}butthathecannothavethatsellshiscommodityalwaysforasmuchashecan,forthereasonsurgedbefore。
Seventhly,Allthatamandoes,heshoulddoeintheNameoftheLordJesusChrist;{121g}thatis,asbeingcommanded,andauthorizedtodoeitbyhim:buthethatsellethalwaysasdearashecan,cannotsomuchaspretendtothis,withouthorridblasphemingofthatName,becausecommandedbyhimtodoeotherwise。
Eightly,andlastly,Inallthatamandoes,heshouldhaveaneyetothedayofJudgment,andtotheconsiderationofhowhisactionswillbeesteemedofinthatday。{121h}Thereforethereisnotanymancanoroughttosellalwaysasdearashecan:unlesshewill,yeahemustsay,insodoing,Iwillrunthehazardofthetryalofthatday,Ifthouselloughtuntothyneighbour,orbuyestoughtofthyneighbour,yeshallnotoppressoneanother。{122a}
Atten。Butwhydoeyouputinthosecautionarywords?Theymustnotsell[always]asdear,norbuy[always]ascheapastheycan:
doeyounottherebyintimatethatamanmaysometimesdoso?
Wise。Idoeindeedintimatethatsomtimesthesellermaysellasdear,andthebuyerbuyascheapashecan;butthisisallowableonlyinthesecases:WhenhethatsellsisaKnave,andlaysasideallgoodconscienceinselling;orwhenthebuyerisaKnave,andlayesasideallgoodconscienceinbuying。IfthebuyerthereforelightsofaKnave,orifthesellerlightsofaKnave,thenletthemlooktothemselves:butyetso,asnottolayasideconscience,becausehethatthoudearestwithdothso:buthowvileorbasesoeverthechapmanis,dothoukeepthycommodityatareasonableprice:orifthoubuyest,offerreasonablegainforthethingthouwouldesthave:andifthiswillnotdowiththebuyerorseller,thenseektheeamorehonestchapman:Ifthouobjectest,ButIhavenotskiltoknowwhenapennyworthisbeforeme:Getsomethathavemoreskillthanthyselfinthataffair,andlettheminthatmatterdisposeofthymoney。ButiftherewerenoKnavesintheworld,theseobjectionsneednotbemade。
Andthus,myverygoodneighbour,haveIgivenyouafewofmyreasons,whyamanthathathit,shouldnotalwaysselltoodear,norbuyascheapashecan:butshouldusegoodConsciencetoGod,andCharitytohisNeighbourinboth。
Atten。Butweresomemenhere,tohearyou,Ibelievetheywouldlaughyoutoscorn。
Wise。Iquestionnotthatatall,forso,{122b}Mr。Badmanusedtodoe,whenanymantoldhimofhisfaults:heusedtothinkhimselfwiserthanany,andwouldcount,asIhavehintedbefore,thathewasnotarrivedtoamanlyspiritthatdidstickorboggleatanywickedness。ButletMr。Badmanandhisfelloweslaugh,I
willbearit,andstillgivethemgoodcounsel。ButIwillrememberalso,formyfurtherreliefandcomfort,thatthustheythatwerecovetousofold,servedtheSonofGodhimself。Itistheirtimetolaughnow,thattheymaymournintimetocome。
{122c}And,Isayagain,whentheyhavelaughedouttheirlaugh;
HethatusethnotgoodconsciencetoGod,andcharitytohisneighbour,inbuyingandselling,dwellsnextdoretoanInfidel,andisnearofkintoMr。Badman。
Atten。Well,butwhatwillyousaytothisquestion?{123a}youknowthatthereisnosettledpricesetbyGoduponanyCommoditythatisboughtorsoldundertheSun;butallthingsthatwebuyandsell,doebbeandflow,astoprice,liketheTide:Howthenshallamanofatenderconsciencedoe,neithertowrongtheseller,buyer,norhimself,inbuyingandsellingofcommodities?
Wise。ThisQuestionisthoughttobefrivolousbyallthatareofMr。Badmansway;’tisalsodifficultinitself:yetIwillendeavourtoshapeyouanAnswer,{123b}andthatfirsttothematterofthequestion;towit,HowaTradesmanshould,inTrading,keepagoodconscience;Abuyerorsellereither。Secondly,Howheshouldpreparehimselftothiswork,andliveinthepracticeofit。
Forthefirst:He{123c}mustobservewhathathbeensaidbefore,towit,hemusthaveconsciencetoGod,charitytohisneighbour;
andIwilladd,muchmoderationindealing。Lethimthereforekeepwithintheboundsoftheaffirmativeofthoseeightreasonsthatbeforewereurgedtoprove,thatmenoughtnotintheirDealing,buttodoJustlyandmercifully’twixtmanandman;andthentherewillbenogreatfearofwrongingtheseller,buyer,orhimself。
Butparticularlytoprepare,orinstructamantothiswork:
1。LettheTradesmanorothersconsider,thatthereisnotthatingreatGettings,andinabundance,whichthemostofmendosuppose:
Forallthatamanhasoverandabovewhatservesforhispresentnecessityandsupply,servesonlytofeedthelustsoftheeye。
Forwhatgoodistheretotheownersthereof,savethebeholdingofthemwiththeireyes?{123d}Menalso,manytimes,ingettingofriches,gettherewithasnaretotheirsoul:{123e}Butfewgetgoodbygettingofthem。Butthisconsideration,Mr。Badmancouldnotabide。
2。Consider,thatthegettingofwealthdishonestlyashedoes,thatgettethitwithoutgoodconscienceandcharitytohisneighbour,isagreatoffenderagainstGod。Hencehesays,Ihavesmittenminehandsatthydishonestgain,whichthouhastmade。
{124a}ItisamannerofspeechthatshewsangerintheverymakingofmentionoftheCrime。Therefore,3。Consider,thatalittlehonestlygotten,thoughitmayyieldtheebutadinnerofherbsatatime,willyieldmorepeacetherewith,thanwillastalledOx,illgotten。Betterisalittlewithrighteousness,thangreatrevenueswithoutright。{124b}
4。Bethouconfident,thatGodseyesareuponallthywayes,andthatheponderethallthygoings,andalsothathemarksthem,writesthemdown,andsealsthemupinabag,againstthetimetocome。{124c}
5。Bethousurethatthouremembrest,thatthouknowestnotthedayofthydeath。Rememberalso,thatwhendeathcomes,Godwillgivethysubstance,forthewhichthouhastlaboured,andforthewhichperhapsthouhasthazardedthysoul,toone,thouknowestnotwho,norwhetherheshallbeawisemanorafool。Andthen,whatprofithathhethatlabourethforthewind?{124d}
Besides,thoushalthavenothingthatthoumayestsomuchascarryawayinthinehand。Guiltshallgoewiththee,ifthouhastgotitdishonestly,andtheyalsotowhomthoushaltleaveit,shallreceiveittotheirhurt。