ThesethenwerethetrueEnglishpatriots，themenwhocouldnotendureaforeigner，themenwhowouldnotsufferHisMajestytobestowamoderaterewardontheforeignerswhohadstormedAthlone，andturnedtheflankoftheCelticarmyatAghrim。Itnowappearedtheycouldbeonexcellenttermswithaforeigner，providedonlythathewastheemissaryofatyranthostiletotheliberty，theindependence，andthereligionoftheircountry。TheTories，vexedandabashed，heartilywishedthat，onthatunluckyday，theirfriendshadbeensuppingsomewhereelse。EventhebronzeofDavenant’sforeheadwasnotprooftothegeneralreproach。HedefendedhimselfbypretendingthatPoussin，withwhomhehadpassedwholedays，whohadcorrectedhisscurrilouspamphlets，andwhohadpaidhimhisshamefulwages，wasastrangertohim，andthatthemeetingattheBluePostswaspurelyaccidental。Ifhiswordwasdoubted，hewaswillingtorepeathisassertiononoath。Thepublic，however，whichhadformedaverycorrectnotionofhischaracter，thoughtthathiswordwasworthasmuchashisoath，andthathisoathwasworthnothing。
MeanwhilethearrivalofWilliamwasimpatientlyexpected。FromLoohehadgonetoBreda，wherehehadpassedsometimeinreviewinghistroops，andinconferringwithMarlboroughandHeinsius。HehadhopedtobeinEnglandearlyinOctober。ButadversewindsdetainedhimthreeweeksattheHague。Atlength，intheafternoonofthefourthofNovember，itwasknowninLondonthathehadlandedearlythatmorningatMargate。Greatpreparationsweremadeforwelcominghimtohiscapitalonthefollowingday，thethirteenthanniversaryofhislandinginDevonshire。Butajourneyacrossthebridge，andalongCornhillandCheapside，FleetStreet，andtheStrand，wouldhavebeentoogreataneffortforhisenfeebledframe。HeaccordinglysleptatGreenwich，andthenceproceededtoHamptonCourtwithoutenteringLondon。Hisreturnwas，however，celebratedbythepopulacewitheverysignofjoyandattachment。Thebonfiresblazed，andthegunpowderroared，allnight。IneveryparishfromMileEndtoSaintJames’swastobeseenenthronedontheshouldersofstoutProtestantportersapope，gorgeousinrobesoftinselandtriplecrownofpasteboard；andclosetotheearofHisHolinessstoodadevilwithhorns，clovenhoof，andasnakytail。
Eveninhiscountryhousethekingcouldfindnorefugefromtheimportunateloyaltyofhispeople。Reputationsfromcities，counties，universities，besiegedhimallday。Hewas，hewrotetoHeinsius，quiteexhaustedbythelabourofhearingharanguesandreturninganswers。ThewholekingdommeanwhilewaslookinganxiouslytowardsHamptonCourt。Mostoftheministerswereassembledthere。Themosteminentmenofthepartywhichwasoutofpowerhadrepairedthither，topaytheirdutytotheirsovereign，andtocongratulatehimonhissafereturn。ItwasremarkedthatSomersandHalifax，somalignantlypersecutedafewmonthsagobytheHouseofCommons，werereceivedwithsuchmarksofesteemandkindnessasWilliamwaslittleinthehabitofvouchsafingtohisEnglishcourtiers。Thelowerranksofboththegreatfactionswereviolentlyagitated。TheWhigs，latelyvanquishedanddispirited，werefullofhopeandardour。TheTories，latelytriumphantandsecure，wereexasperatedandalarmed。BothWhigsandTorieswaitedwithintenseanxietyforthedecisionofonemomentousandpressingquestion。Wouldtherebeadissolution？OntheseventhofNovembertheKingpropoundedthatquestiontohisPrivyCouncil。Itwasrumoured，andishighlyprobable，thatJersey，WrightandHedgesadvisedhimtokeeptheexistingParliament。Buttheywerenotmenwhoseopinionwaslikelytohavemuchweightwithhim；andRochester，whoseopinionmighthavehadsomeweight，hadsetouttotakepossessionofhisViceroyaltyjustbeforethedeathofJames，andwasstillatDublin。William，however，had，asheownedtoHeinsius，somedifficultyinmakinguphismind。HehadnodoubtthatageneralelectionwouldgivehimabetterHouseofCommons；
butageneralelectionwouldcausedelay；anddelaymightcausemuchmischief。Afterbalancingtheseconsiderations，duringsomehours，hedeterminedtodissolve。
Thewritsweresentoutwithallexpedition；andinthreedaysthewholekingdomwasup。Never——suchwastheintelligencesentfromtheDutchEmbassytotheHague——hadtherebeenmoreintriguing，morecanvassing，morevirulenceofpartyfeeling。Itwasinthecapitalthatthefirstgreatconteststookplace。ThedecisionsoftheMetropolitanconstituentbodieswereimpatientlyexpectedasauguriesofthegeneralresult。AllthepensofGrubStreet，allthepressesofLittleBritain，werehardatwork。
Handbillsforandagainsteverycandidateweresenttoeveryvoter。Thepopularslogansonbothsideswereindefatigablyrepeated。Presbyterian，Papist，ToolofHolland，PensionerofFrance，weretheappellationsinterchangedbetweenthecontendingfactions。TheWhigcrywasthattheTorymembersofthelasttwoParliamentshad，fromamalignantdesiretomortifytheKing，leftthekingdomexposedtodangerandinsult，hadunconstitutionallyencroachedbothonthelegislatureandonthejudicialfunctionsoftheHouseofLords，hadturnedtheHouseofCommonsintoanewStarChamber，hadusedasinstrumentsofcapricioustyrannythoseprivilegeswhichoughtnevertobeemployedbutindefenceoffreedom，hadpersecuted，withoutregardtolaw，tonaturaljustice，ortodecorum，thegreatCommanderwhohadsavedthestateatLaHogue，thegreatFinancierwhohadrestoredthecurrencyandreestablishedpubliccredit，thegreatjudgewhomallpersonsnotblindedbyprejudiceacknowledgedtobe，invirtue，inprudence，inlearningandeloquence，thefirstoflivingEnglishjuristsandstatesmen。TheToriesansweredthattheyhadbeenonlytoomoderate，onlytoomerciful；thattheyhadusedtheSpeaker’swarrantandthepoweroftackingonlytoosparingly；andthat，iftheyeveragainhadamajority，thethreeWhigleaderswhonowimaginedthemselvessecureshouldbeimpeached，notforhighmisdemeanours，butforhightreason。Itsoonappearedthatthesethreatswerenotlikelytobeveryspeedilyexecuted。FourWhigandfourTorycandidatescontestedtheCityofLondon。TheshowofhandswasfortheWhigs。Apollwasdemanded；andtheWhigspollednearlytwovotestoone。SirJohnLevisonGower，whowassupposedtohaveingratiatedhimselfwiththewholebodyofshopkeepersbysomepartsofhisparliamentaryconduct，wasputupforWestminsterontheToryinterest；andtheelectorswereremindedbypuffsinthenewspapersoftheserviceswhichhehadrenderedtotrade。ButthedreadoftheFrenchKing，thePope，andthePretender，prevailed；andSirJohnwasatthebottomofthepoll。SouthwarknotonlyreturnedWhigs，butgavetheminstructionsofthemostWhiggishcharacter。
Inthecountry，partiesweremorenearlybalancedthaninthecapital。YetthenewsfromeveryquarterwasthattheWhigshadrecoveredpartatleastofthegroundwhichtheyhadlost。
WhartonhadregainedhisascendencyinBuckinghamshire。MusgravewasrejectedbyWestmoreland。NothingdidmoreharmtotheTorycandidatesthanthestoryofPoussin’sfarewellsupper。WelearnfromtheirownacrimoniousinvectivesthattheunluckydiscoveryofthethreemembersofParliamentattheBluePostscostthirtyhonestgentlementheirseats。Oneofthecriminals，Tredenham，escapedwithimpunity。ForthedominionofhisfamilyovertheboroughofSt。Maweswasabsoluteeventoaproverb。Theothertwohadthefatewhichtheydeserved。DavenantceasedtositforBedwin。Hammond，whohadlatelystoodhighinthefavouroftheUniversityofCambridge，wasdefeatedbyagreatmajority，andwassucceededbythegloryoftheWhigparty，IsaacNewton。
Therewasonedistricttowhichtheeyesofhundredsofthousandswereturnedwithanxiousinterest，Gloucestershire。WouldthepatrioticandhighspiritedgentryandyeomanryofthatgreatcountyagainconfidetheirdearestintereststotheImpudentScandalofparliaments，therenegade，theslanderer，themountebank，whohadbeen，duringthirteenyears，railingathisbettersofeverypartywithaspiterestrainedbynothingbutthecravenfearofcorporalchastisement，andwhohadinthelastParliamentmadehimselfconspicuousbytheabjectcourtwhichhehadpaidtoLewisandbytheimpertinencewithwhichhehadspokenofWilliam。
TheGloucestershireelectionbecameanationalaffair。
PortmanteausfullofpamphletsandbroadsidesweresentdownfromLondon。Everyfreeholderinthecountyhadseveraltractsleftathisdoor。Ineverymarketplace，onthemarketday，papersaboutthebrazenforehead，theviperoustongue，andthewhiteliverofJackHowe，theFrenchKing’sbuffoon，flewaboutlikeflakesinasnowstorm。ClownsfromtheCotswoldHillsandtheforestofDean，whohadvotes，butwhodidnotknowtheirletters，wereinvitedtohearthesesatiresread，andwereaskedwhethertheywerepreparedtoendurethetwogreatevilswhichwerethenconsideredbythecommonpeopleofEnglandastheinseparableconcomitantsofdespotism，towearwoodenshoes，andtoliveonfrogs。Thedissentingpreachersandtheclothierswerepeculiarlyzealous。ForHowewasconsideredastheenemybothofconventiclesandoffactories。OutvoterswerebroughtuptoGloucesterinextraordinarynumbers。InthecityofLondonthetraderswhofrequentedBlackwellHall，thenthegreatemporiumforwoollengoods，canvassedactivelyontheWhigside。
[Heretherevisedpartends。——EDITOR。]
MeanwhilereportsaboutthestateoftheKing’shealthwereconstantlybecomingmoreandmorealarming。Hismedicaladvisers，bothEnglishandDutch，wereattheendoftheirresources。HehadconsultedbyletterallthemosteminentphysiciansofEurope；and，ashewasapprehensivethattheymightreturnflatteringanswersiftheyknewwhohewas，hehadwrittenunderfeignednames。ToFagonhehaddescribedhimselfasaparishpriest。Fagonreplied，somewhatbluntly，thatsuchsymptomscouldhaveonlyonemeaning，andthattheonlyadvicewhichhehadtogivetothesickmanwastopreparehimselffordeath。Havingobtainedthisplainanswer，WilliamconsultedFagonagainwithoutdisguise，andobtainedsomeprescriptionswhichwerethoughttohavealittleretardedtheapproachoftheinevitablehour。ButthegreatKing’sdayswerenumbered。
Headachesandshiveringfitsreturnedonhimalmostdaily。Hestillrodeandevenhunted；26buthehadnolongerthatfirmseatorthatperfectcommandofthebridleforwhichhehadoncebeenrenowned。Stillallhiscarewasforthefuture。ThefilialrespectandtendernessofAlbemarlehadbeenalmostanecessaryoflifetohim。ButitwasofimportancethatHeinsiusshouldbefullyinformedbothastothewholeplanofthenextcampaignandastothestateofthepreparations。AlbemarlewasinfullpossessionoftheKing’sviewsonthesesubjects。HewasthereforesenttotheHague。Heinsiuswasatthattimesufferingfromindisposition，whichwasindeedatriflewhencomparedwiththemaladiesunderwhichWilliamwassinking。ButinthenatureofWilliamtherewasnoneofthatselfishnesswhichisthetoocommonviceofinvalids。OnthetwentiethofFebruaryhesenttoHeinsiusaletterinwhichhedidnotevenalludetohisownsufferingsandinfirmities。\"Iam，\"hesaid，\"infinitelyconcernedtolearnthatyourhealthisnotyetquitereestablished。MayGodbepleasedtograntyouaspeedyrecovery。
Iamunalterablyyourgoodfriend，William。\"Thosewerethelastlinesofthatlongcorrespondence。
OnthetwentiethofFebruaryWilliamwasamblingonafavouritehorse，namedSorrel，throughtheparkofHamptonCourt。Heurgedhishorsetostrikeintoagallopjustatthespotwhereamolehadbeenatwork。Sorrelstumbledonthemole—hill，andwentdownonhisknees。TheKingfelloff，andbrokehiscollarbone。Thebonewasset；andhereturnedtoKensingtoninhiscoach。Thejoltingoftheroughroadsofthattimemadeitnecessarytoreducethefractureagain。Toayoungandvigorousmansuchanaccidentwouldhavebeenatrifle。ButtheframeofWilliamwasnotinaconditiontobeareventheslightestshock。Hefeltthathistimewasshort，andgrieved，withagriefsuchasonlynoblespiritsfeel，tothinkthathemustleavehisworkbuthalffinished。Itwaspossiblethathemightstillliveuntiloneofhisplansshouldbecarriedintoexecution。HehadlongknownthattherelationinwhichEnglandandScotlandstoodtoeachotherwasatbestprecarious，andoftenunfriendly，andthatitmightbedoubtedwhether，inanestimateoftheBritishpower，theresourcesofthesmallercountryoughtnottobedeductedfromthoseofthelarger。Recenteventshadprovedthat，withoutdoubt，thetwokingdomscouldnotpossiblycontinueforanotheryeartobeonthetermsonwhichtheyhadbeenduringtheprecedingcentury，andthattheremustbebetweenthemeitherabsoluteunionordeadlyenmity。Theirenmitywouldbringfrightfulcalamities，notonthemselvesalone，butonallthecivilisedworld。Theirunionwouldbethebestsecurityfortheprosperityofboth，fortheinternaltranquillityoftheisland，forthejustbalanceofpoweramongEuropeanstates，andfortheimmunitiesofallProtestantcountries。Onthetwenty—eighthofFebruarytheCommonslistenedwithuncoveredheadstothelastmessagethatboreWilliam’ssignmanual。Anunhappyaccident，hetoldthem，hadforcedhimtomaketotheminwritingacommunicationwhichhewouldgladlyhavemadefromthethrone。Hehad，inthefirstyearofhisreign，expressedhisdesiretoseeanunionaccomplishedbetweenEnglandandScotland。Hewasconvincedthatnothingcouldmoreconducetothesafetyandhappinessofboth。Heshouldthinkithispeculiarfelicityif，beforethecloseofhisreign，somehappyexpedientcouldbedevisedformakingthetwokingdomsone；andhe，inthemostearnestmanner，recommendedthequestiontotheconsiderationoftheHouses。ItwasresolvedthatthemessageshouldbetakenintoconsiderationonSaturday，theseventhofMarch。
ButonthefirstofMarchhumoursofmenacingappearanceshowedthemselvesintheKing’sknee。OnthefourthofMarchhewasattackedbyfever；onthefifthhisstrengthfailedgreatly；andonthesixthhewasscarcelykeptalivebycordials。TheAbjurationBillandamoneybillwereawaitinghisassent。Thatassenthefeltthatheshouldnotbeabletogiveinperson。Hethereforeorderedacommissiontobepreparedforhissignature。
Hishandwasnowtooweaktoformthelettersofhisname，anditwassuggestedthatastampshouldbeprepared。OntheseventhofMarchthestampwasready。TheLordKeeperandtheclerksoftheparliamentcame，accordingtousage，towitnessthesigningofthecommission。Buttheyweredetainedsomehoursintheantechamberwhilehewasinoneoftheparoxysmsofhismalady。
MeanwhiletheHousesweresitting。ItwasSaturday，theseventh，thedayonwhichtheCommonshadresolvedtotakeintoconsiderationthequestionoftheunionwithScotland。Butthatsubjectwasnotmentioned。ItwasknownthattheKinghadbutafewhourstolive；andthemembersaskedeachotheranxiouslywhetheritwaslikelythattheAbjurationandmoneybillswouldbepassedbeforehedied。Aftersittinglongintheexpectationofamessage，theCommonsadjournedtillsixintheafternoon。BythattimeWilliamhadrecoveredhimselfsufficientlytoputthestampontheparchmentwhichauthorisedhiscommissionerstoactforhim。Intheevening，whentheHouseshadassembled，BlackRodknocked。TheCommonsweresummonedtothebaroftheLords；thecommissionwasread，theAbjurationBillandtheMaltBillbecamelaws，andbothHousesadjournedtillnineo’clockinthemorningofthefollowingday。ThefollowingdaywasSunday。ButtherewaslittlechancethatWilliamwouldlivethroughthenight。Itwasofthehighestimportancethat，withintheshortestpossibletimeafterhisdecease，thesuccessordesignatedbytheBillofRightsandtheActofSuccessionshouldreceivethehomageoftheEstatesoftheRealm，andbepubliclyproclaimedintheCouncil:
andthemostrigidPhariseeintheSocietyfortheReformationofMannerscouldhardlydenythatitwaslawfultosavethestate，evenontheSabbath。
TheKingmeanwhilewassinkingfast。AlbemarlehadarrivedatKensingtonfromtheHague，exhaustedbyrapidtravelling。Hismasterkindlybadehimgotorestforsomehours，andthensummonedhimtomakehisreport。Thatreportwasinallrespectssatisfactory。TheStatesGeneralwereinthebesttemper；thetroops，theprovisionsandthemagazineswereinthebestorder。
Everythingwasinreadinessforanearlycampaign。Williamreceivedtheintelligencewiththecalmnessofamanwhoseworkwasdone。Hewasundernoillusionastohisdanger。\"Iamfastdrawing，\"hesaid，\"tomyend。\"Hisendwasworthyofhislife。
Hisintellectwasnotforamomentclouded。Hisfortitudewasthemoreadmirablebecausehewasnotwillingtodie。Hehadverylatelysaidtooneofthosewhomhemostloved:\"YouknowthatI
neverfeareddeath；therehavebeentimeswhenIshouldhavewishedit；but，nowthatthisgreatnewprospectisopeningbeforeme，Idowishtostayherealittlelonger。\"Yetnoweakness，noquerulousness，disgracedthenoblecloseofthatnoblecareer。TothephysicianstheKingreturnedhisthanksgraciouslyandgently。\"Iknowthatyouhavedoneallthatskillandlearningcoulddoforme；butthecaseisbeyondyourart；
andIsubmit。\"Fromthewordswhichescapedhimheseemedtobefrequentlyengagedinmentalprayer。BurnetandTenisonremainedmanyhoursinthesickroom。HeprofessedtothemhisfirmbeliefinthetruthoftheChristianreligion，andreceivedthesacramentfromtheirhandswithgreatseriousness。Theantechamberswerecrowdedallnightwithlordsandprivycouncillors。Heorderedseveralofthemtobecalledin，andexertedhimselftotakeleaveofthemwithafewkindandcheerfulwords。AmongtheEnglishwhowereadmittedtohisbedsidewereDevonshireandOrmond。ButtherewereinthecrowdthosewhofeltasnoEnglishmancouldfeel，friendsofhisyouthwhohadbeentruetohim，andtowhomhehadbeentrue，throughallvicissitudesoffortune；whohadservedhimwithunalterablefidelitywhenhisSecretariesofState，hisTreasuryandhisAdmiraltyhadbetrayedhim；whohadneveronanyfieldofbattle，orinanatmospheretaintedwithloathsomeanddeadlydisease，shrunkfromplacingtheirownlivesinjeopardytosavehis，andwhosetruthhehadatthecostofhisownpopularityrewardedwithbounteousmunificence。HestrainedhisfeeblevoicetothankAuverquerquefortheaffectionateandloyalservicesofthirtyyears。ToAlbemarlehegavethekeysofhiscloset，andofhisprivatedrawers。\"Youknow，\"hesaid，\"whattodowiththem。\"Bythistunehecouldscarcelyrespire。\"Canthis，\"hesaidtothephysicians，\"lastlong？\"Hewastoldthattheendwasapproaching。Heswallowedacordial，andaskedforBentinck。
Thosewerehislastarticulatewords。Bentinckinstantlycametothebedside，bentdown，andplacedhisearclosetotheKing’smouth。Thelipsofthedyingmanmoved；butnothingcouldbeheard。TheKingtookthehandofhisearliestfriend，andpressedittenderlytohisheart。Inthatmoment，nodoubt，allthathadcastaslightpassingcloudovertheirlongandpurefriendshipwasforgotten。Itwasnowbetweensevenandeightinthemorning。
Heclosedhiseyes，andgaspedforbreath。Thebishopskneltdownandreadthecommendatoryprayer。WhenitendedWilliamwasnomore。
Whenhisremainswerelaidout，itwasfoundthatheworenexttohisskinasmallpieceofblacksilkriband。Thelordsinwaitingorderedittobetakenoff。ItcontainedagoldringandalockofthehairofMary。
FN1EvelynsawtheMentzeditionoftheOfficesamongLordSpencer’sbooksinApril1699。MarklandinhisprefacetotheSylvaeofStatiusacknowledgeshisobligationstotheveryrareParmesaneditioninLordSpencer’scollection。AstotheVirgilofZarottus，whichhisLordshipboughtfor46L，seetheextractsfromWarley’sDiary，inNichols’sLiteraryAnecdotes，i。90。
FN2ThemoreminutelyweexaminethehistoryofthedeclineandfallofLacedaemon，themorereasonweshallfindtoadmirethesagacityofSomers。ThefirstgreathumiliationwhichbefeltheLacedaemonianswastheaffairofSphacteria。Itisremarkablethatonthisoccasiontheywerevanquishedbymenwhomadeatradeofwar。TheforcewhichCleoncarriedoutwithhimfromAthenstotheBayofPyles，andtowhichtheeventoftheconflictistobechieflyascribed，consistedentirelyofmercenaries，archersfromScythiaandlightinfantryfromThrace。
ThevictorygainedbytheLacedaemoniansoveragreatconfederatearmyatTegearetrievedthatmilitaryreputationwhichthedisasterofSphacteriahadimpaired。YetevenatTegeaitwassignallyprovedthattheLacedaemonians，thoughfarsuperiortooccasionalsoldiers，werenotequaltoprofessionalsoldiers。Oneverypointbutonetheallieswereputtorout；butononepointtheLacedaemoniansgaveway；andthatwasthepointwheretheywereopposedtoabrigadeofathousandArgives，pickedmen，whomthestatetowhichtheybelongedhadduringmanyyearstrainedtowaratthepubliccharge，andwhowere，infactastandingarmy。
AfterthebattleofTegea，manyyearselapsedbeforetheLacedaemonianssustainedadefeat。Atlengthacalamitybefelthemwhichastonishedalltheirneighbours。AdivisionofthearmyofAgesilauswascutoffanddestroyedalmosttoaman；andthisexploit，whichseemedalmostportentoustotheGreeksofthatage，wasachievedbyIphicrates，attheheadofabodyofmercenarylightinfantry。ButitwasfromthedayofLeuctyathatthefallofSpatebecamerapidandviolent。SometimebeforethatdaytheThebanshadresolvedtofollowtheexamplesetmanyyearsbeforebytheArgives。Somehundredsofathleticyouths，carefullyselected，weresetapart，underthenamesoftheCityBandandtheSacredBand，toformastandingarmy。Theirbusinesswaswar。Theyencampedinthecitadel；theyweresupportedattheexpenseofthecommunity；andtheybecame，underassiduoustraining，thefirstsoldiersinGreece。TheywereconstantlyvictorioustilltheywereopposedtoPhilip’sadmirablydisciplinedphalanxatCharonea；andevenatChaeroneatheywerenotdefeatedbutslainintheirranks，fightingtothelast。Itwasthisband，directedbytheskillofgreatcaptains，whichgavethedecisiveblowtotheLacedaemonianpower。ItistobeobservedthattherewasnodegeneracyamongtheLacedaemonians。
EvendowntothetimeofPyrrhustheyseemtohavebeeninallmilitaryqualitiesequaltotheirancestorswhoconqueredatPlataea。ButtheirancestorsatPlataeahadnotsuchenemiestoencounter。
FN3L’Hermitage，Dec。3/137/17，1697。
FN4Commons’Journals，Dec。3。1697。L’Hermitage，Dec7/17。
FN5L’Hermitage，Dec。15/24。，Dec。14/24。，Journals。
FN6ThefirstactofFarquhar’sTriptotheJubilee，thepassionswhichabouthistimeagitatedsocietyareexhibitedwithmuchspirit。AldermanSmugglerseesColonelStandardandexclaims，\"There’sanotherplagueofthenationaredcoatandfeather。\"\"I’mdisbanded，\"saystheColonel。\"Thisverymorning，inHydePark，mybraveregiment，athousandmenthatlookedlikelionsyesterday，werescatteredandlookedaspoorandsimpleastheherdofdeerthatgrazedbesidethem。\"\"Falalderal！\"criestheAlderman:\"I’llhaveabonfirethisnight，ashighasthemonument。\"\"Abonfire！\"answeredthesoldier；\"thendry，withered，illnature！hadnotthosebravefellows’swords’
defendedyou，yourhousehadbeenabonfireerethisaboutyourears。\"
FN7L’Hermitage，January11/21
FN8ThataportionatleastofthenativepopulationofIrelandlookedtotheParliamentatWestminsterforprotectionagainstthetyrannyoftheParliamentatDublinappearsfromapaperentitledTheCaseoftheRomanCatholicNationofIreland。Thispaper，writtenin1711byoneoftheoppressedraceandreligion，isinaMS。belongingtoLordFingall。TheParliamentofIrelandisaccusedoftreatingtheIrishworsethantheTurkstreattheChristians，worsethantheEgyptianstreatedtheIsraelites。
\"Therefore，\"saysthewriter，\"they（theIrish）applythemselvestothepresentParliamentofGreatBritainasaParliamentofnicehonourandstanchjustice……TheirrequestthenisthatthisgreatParliamentmaymakegoodtheTreatyofLimerickinalltheCivilArticles。\"Inordertopropitiatethosetowhomhemakesthisappeal，heaccusestheIrishParliamentofencroachingonthesupremeauthorityoftheEnglishParliament，andchargesthecolonistsgenerallywithingratitudetothemothercountrytowhichtheyowesomuch。
FN9LondonGazette，Jan6。1697/8；Postmanofthesamedate；VanCleverskirke，Jan。7/17；L’Hermitage，Jan。4/14/，7/17；Evelyn’sDiary；Ward’sLondonSpy；WilliamtoHeinsius，Jan。7/17。\"Theloss，\"theKingwrites，\"islesstomethanitwouldbetoanotherperson，forIcannotlivethere。Yetitisserious。\"Solateas1758JohnsondescribedafuriousJacobiteasfirmlyconvincedthatWilliamburneddownWhitehallinordertostealthefurniture。Idler，No。10。Pope，inWindsorForest，apoemwhichhasastrongertingeofToryismthananythingelsethatheeverwrote，predictsthespeedyrestorationofthefallenpalace。
\"Isee，Isee，wheretwofaircitiesbendtheiramplebow，anewWhitehallascend。\"
SeeRalph’sbitterremarksonthefateofWhitehall。
FN10AstotheCzar:LondonGazette；VanCitters，1698；Jan。
11/21。14/24Mar11/21，Mar29/April8；L’Hermitage11/21，18/28，Jan25/Feb4，Feb1/118/18，11/21Feb22/Mar4；Feb25/Mar7，Mar1/4，Mar29/April8/April22/May2SeealsoEvelyn’sDiary；
BurnetPostman，Jan。13。15。，Feb。1012，24。；Mar。24。26。31。
AstoRussia，seeHakluyt，Purchas，Voltaire，St。Simon。EstatdeRussieparMargeret，Paris，1607。StateofRussia，London，1671。
LaRelationdesTroisAmbassadesdeM。LeComtedeCarlisle，Amsterdam，1672。（ThereisanEnglishtranslationfromthisFrenchoriginal。）North’sLifeofDudleyNorth。Seymour’sHistoryofLondon，ii。426。PepysandEvelynontheRussianEmbassies；
Milton’saccountofMuscovy。OnthepersonalhabitsoftheCzarseetheMemoirsoftheMargravineofBayreuth。
FN11ItisworthwhiletotranscribethewordsoftheengagementwhichLewis，achivalrousandadevoutprince，violatedwithoutthesmallestscruple。\"Nous，Louis，parlagracedeDieu，RoitresChretiendeFranceetdeNavarre，promettonspournotrehonneur，enfoietparoledeRoi，juronssuelacroix，lessaintsEvangiles，etlescanonsdelaMesse，quenousavonstouches，quenousobserveronsetaccomplironsentierementdebonnefoitousetchacundespointsetarticlescontenusautraitedepaix，renonciation，etamitie。\"
FN12GeorgePsalmanazar’saccountofthestateofthesouthofFranceatthistuneiscurious。OnthehighroadnearLyonshefrequentlypassedcorpsesfastenedtoposts。\"These，\"hesays，\"werethebodiesofhighwaymen，orratherofsoldiers，sailors，marinersandevengalleyslaves，disbandedafterthepeaceofReswick，who，havingneitherhomenoroccupation，usedtoinfesttheroadsintroops，plundertownsandvillages，and，whentaken，werehangedatthecountytownbydozens，orevenscoressometimes，afterwhichtheirbodieswerethusexposedalongthehighwayinterrorem。\"
FN13\"Ilestdebonnefoidanstoutcequ’ilfait。Sonprocedeestdroitetsincere。\"TallardtoLewis，July3。1698。
FN14\"LeRoid’Angleterre，Sire，vatressincerementjusqu’apresent；etj’osedireques’ilentreunefoisentraiteavecVotreMajeste，illetiendradebonnefoi。\"——\"Sijel’osedireaV。M。，ilesttrespenetrant，etal’espritjuste。Ils’apercevrabient？tqu’onbarguignesileschosestrainenttropdelong。\"
July8。
FN15IwillquotefromthedespatchesofLewistoTallardthreeorfourpassageswhichshowthatthevalueofthekingdomoftheTwoSicilieswasquitejustlyappreciatedatVersailles。\"A
l’egardduroyaumedeNaplesetdeSicileleroid’AngleterreobjecteraquelesplacesdecesetatsentremesmainsmerendrontmaitreducommercedelaMediteranee。Vouspourrezencecaslaissezentendre，commedevousmeme，qu’ilseraitsidifficiledeconservercesroyaumesunisamacouronne，quelesdepensesnecessairespouryenvoyerdessecoursseraientsigrands，etqu’autrefoisilatantcoutealaFrancepourlesmaintenirdanssonobeissance，quevraisemblablementj’etabliroisunroipourlesgouverner，etquepeut—etreceseraitlepartaged’undemespetits—filsquivoudroitregnerindependamment。\"April7/171698。
\"LesroyaumesdeNaplesetdeSicilenepeuventseregardercommeunpartagedontmonfilspuissesecontenterpourluitenirlieudetoussesdroits。Lesexemplesdupassen’ontquetropappriscombiencesetatscontentalaFrancelepeud’utilitedontilssontpourelle，etladifficultedelesconserver。\"May16。1698。
\"Jeconsiderelacessiondecesroyaumescommeunesourcecontinuellededepensesetd’embarras。Iln’enaquetropcoutealaFrancepourlesconserver；etl’experienceafaitvoirlanecessiteindispensabled’yentretenirtoujoursdestroupes，etd’yenvoyerincessammentdesvaisseaux，etcombientoutescespeinesonteteinutiles。\"May29。1698。Itwouldbeeasytociteotherpassagesofthesamekind。ButthesearesufficienttovindicatewhatIhavesaidinthetext。
FN16Dec。20/301698。
FN17Commons’Journals，February24。27。；March9。1698/9IntheVernonCorrespondencealetterabouttheEastIndiaquestionwhichbelongstotheyear1699/1700isputunderthedateofFeb。
101698。Thetruthisthatthismostvaluablecorrespondencecannotbeusedtogoodpurposebyanywriterwhodoesnotdoforhimselfallthattheeditoroughttohavedone。
FN18IdoubtwhethertherebeextantasentenceofworseEnglishthanthatonwhichtheHousedivided。Itisnotmerelyinelegantandungrammaticalbutisevidentlytheworkofamanofpuzzledunderstanding，probablyofHarley。\"ItisSir，toyourloyalCommonsanunspeakablegrief，thatanythingshouldbeaskedbyYourMajesty’smessagetowhichtheycannotconsent，withoutdoingviolencetothatconstitutionYourMajestycameovertorestoreandpreserve；anddid，atthattime，inyourgraciousdeclarationpromise，thatallthoseforeignforceswhichcameoverwithyoushouldbesentback。\"
FN19ItiscuriousthatallCowper’sbiographerswithwhomIamacquainted，Hayley，Southey，GrimshaweChalmers，mentionthejudge，thecommonancestorofthepoet，ofhisfirstloveTheodoraCowper，andofLadyHesketh；butthatnoneofthosebiographersmakesthefaintestallusiontotheHertfordtrial，themostremarkableeventinthehistoryofthefamily；nordoI
believethatanyallusiontothattrialcanbefoundinanyofthepoet’snumerousletters。
FN20IgiveanexampleofTrenchard’smodeofshowinghisprofoundrespectforanexcellentSovereign。HespeaksthusofthecommencementofthereignofHenrytheThird。\"Thekingdomwasrecentlydeliveredfromabittertyrant，KingJohn，andhadlikewisegotridoftheirperfidiousdeliverer，theDauphinofFrance，whoaftertheEnglishhadacceptedhimfortheirKing，hadsecretlyvowedtheirextirpation。\"
FN21LifeofJames；St。Simon；Dangeau。
FN22PoussintoTorcyApril28/May81701\"Leroid’Angleterretousseplusqu’iln’ajamaisfait，etsesjambessontfortenfles。JelevishiersortirduprechedeSaintJames。Jeletrouvefortcasse，lesyeuxeteints，etileutbeaucoupdepeineamonterencarrosse。\"
FN23MemoiresurlapropositiondereconnoitreauprincedesGallesletitreduRoidelaGrandeBretagne，Sept。9/19，1701。
FN24BythemosttrustworthyaccountsImeanthoseofSt。SimonandDangeau。ThereadermaycomparetheirnarrativeswiththeLifeofJames。
FN25LettresHistoriquesMoisdeNovembre1701。
FN26LastlettertoHeinsius。
EndofTheHistoryofEnglandfromtheAccessionofJamesII，Vol。5