FN553NarcissusLuttrell’sDiary。
FN554RemarksonsomelateSermons，1695；ADefenceoftheArchbishop’sSermon，1695。
FN555NarcissusLuttrell’sDiary。
FN556L’Hermitage，March1/11，6/161695；LondonGazette，March7，；Tenison’sFuneralSermon；Evelyn’sDiary。
FN557SeeClaude’sSermononMary’sdeath。
FN558PriortoLordandLadyLexington，Jan。14/241695。TheletterisamongtheLexingtonpapers，avaluablecollection，andwelledited。
FN559MonthlyMercuryforJanuary1695。AnoratorwhopronouncedaneulogiumontheQueenatUtrechtwassoabsurdastosaythatshespentherlastbreathinprayersfortheprosperityoftheUnitedProvinces:——\"ValeantetBatavi；\"——theseareherlastwords——\"sintincolumes；sintflorentes；sintbeati；stetinsternum，stetimmotapraeclarissimaillorumcivitashospitiumaliquandomihigratissimum，optimedememeritum。\"SeealsotheorationsofPeterFranciusofAmsterdam，andofJohnOrtwiniusofDelft。
FN560JournaldeDangeau；MemoiresdeSaintSimon。
FN561SaintSimon；Dangeau；MonthlyMercuryforJanuary1695。
FN562L’Hermitage，Jan。1/11。1695；VernontoLordLexingtonJan。I。4。；PortlandtoLordLexington，Jan15/25；WilliamtoHeinsius，Jan22/Feb1
FN563SeetheCommons’JournalsofFeb。11，April12。andApril27。，andtheLords’JournalsofApril8。andAprilis。1695。
UnfortunatelythereisahiatusintheCommons’Journalofthe12thofApril，sothatitisnowimpossibletodiscoverwhethertherewasadivisiononthequestiontoagreewiththeamendmentmadebytheLords。
FN564L’Hermitage，April10/20。1695；Burnet，ii。149。
FN565AnEssayuponTaxes，calculatedforthepresentJunctureofAffairs，1693。
FN566Commons’Journals，Jan。12Feb。26。Mar。6。；ACollectionoftheDebatesandProceedingsinParliamentin1694and1695
upontheInquiryintothelateBriberiesandCorruptPractices，1695；L’HermitagetotheStatesGeneral，March8/18；VanCitters，Mar。15/25；L’Hermitagesays\"Siparcetterecherchelachambrepouvoitremedieraudesordrequiregne，ellerendroitunservicetresutileettresagreableauRoy。\"
FN567Commons’Journals，Feb。16，1695；CollectionoftheDebatesandProceedingsinParliamentin1694and1695；LifeofWharton；Burnet，ii。144。
FN568SpeakerOnslow’snoteonBurnetii。583。；Commons’
Journals，Mar6，7。1695。ThehistoryoftheterribleendofthismanwillbefoundinthepamphletsoftheSouthSeayear。
FN569Commons’Journals，March8。1695；ExactCollectionofDebatesandProceedingsinParliamentin1694and1695；
L’Hermitage，March8/18
FN570ExactCollectionofDebates。
FN571L’Hermitage，March8/18。1695。L’Hermitage’snarrativeisconfirmedbythejournals，March7。1694/5。Itappearsthatjustbeforethecommitteewasappointed，theHouseresolvedthatlettersshouldnotbedeliveredouttomembersduringasitting。
FN572L’Hermitage，March19/291695。
FN573Birch’sLifeofTillotson。
FN574Commons’Journals，March1213，1415，16，1694/5；VernontoLexington，March15。；L’Hermitage，March15/25。
FN575Onvitqu’iletoitimpossibledelepoursuivreenjustice，chacuntoutefoisdemeurantconvaincuquec’etoitunmarchefaitalamainpourluifairepresentdelasommede10，000letqu’ilavoiteteplushabilequelesautresnovicesquen’avoientpassufairesifinementleureaffaires。——L’Hermitage，March29/April8；Commons’Journals，March12。；VernontoLexington，April26。；
Burnet，ii。145。
FN576InapoemcalledtheProphecy（1703），istheline\"whenSeymourscornssaltpetrepence。\"
Inanothersatireistheline\"BribedSeymourbribesaccuses。\"
FN577Commons’JournalsfromMarch26。toApril8。1695。
FN578L’Hermitage，April10/201695。
FN579ExactCollectionofDebatesandProceedings。
FN580L’Hermitage，April30/May101695；PortlandtoLexington，April23/May3
FN581L’Hermitage（April30/May101695）justlyremarks，thatthewayinwhichthemoneywassentbackstrengthenedthecaseagainstLeeds。
FN582Therecan，Ithink，benodoubt，thatthememberwhoiscalledDintheExactCollectionwasWharton。
FN583Astotheproceedingsofthiseventfulday，April27。
1695，seetheJournalsofthetwoHouses，andtheExactCollection。
FN584ExactCollection；Lords’Journals，May3。1695；Commons’
Journals，May2，3。；L’Hermitage，May3/13。；LondonGazette，May13。
FN585L’Hermitage，May10/20。1695；VernontoShrewsbury，June22。1697。
FN586LondonGazette，May6。1695。
FN587LetterfromMrs。BurnettotheDuchessofMarlborough，1704，quotedbyCoxe；ShrewsburytoRussell，January24。1695；
Burnett，ii。149。
FN588LondonGazetteApril8。15。29。1695。
FN589ShrewsburytoRussell，January24。1695；NarcissusLuttrell’sDiary，FN590DeThou，liii。xcvi。
FN591LifeofJamesii。545。，Orig。Mem。OfcourseJamesdoesnotusethewordassassination。HetalksoftheseizingandcarryingawayofthePrinceofOrange。
FN592EverythingbadthatwasknownorrumouredaboutPortercameoutontheStateTrialsof1696。
FN593AstoGoodmanseetheevidenceonthetrialofPeterCook；
Cleverskirke，Feb28/March91696；L’Hermitage，April10/201696；
andapasquinadeentitledtheDuchessofCleveland’sMemorial。
FN594SeethepreambletotheCommissionof1695。
FN595TheCommissionwillbefoundintheMinutesoftheParliament。
FN596Act。Parl。Scot。，May21。1695；LondonGazette，May30。
FN597Act。Parl。Scot。May23。1695。
FN598Ibid。June14。18。20。1695；LondonGazette，June27。
FN599Burnet，ii。157。；Act。Parl。，June101695。
FN600Act。Parl。，June26。1695；LondonGazette，July4。
FN601ThereisanexcellentportraitofVilleroyinSt。Simon’sMemoirs。
FN602SomecurioustraitsofTrumball’scharacterwillbefoundinPepys’sTangierDiary。
FN603Postboy，June13。，July9。11。，1695；IntelligenceDomesticandForeign，June14。；PacquetBoatfromHollandandFlanders，July9。
FN604Vaudemont’sDespatchandWilliam’sAnswerareintheMonthlyMercuryforJuly1695。
FN605SeeSaintSimon’sMemoirsandhisnoteuponDangeau。
FN606LondonGazetteJuly22。1695；MonthlyMercuryofAugust，1695。Swifttenyearslater，wrotealampoononCutts，sodullandsonauseouslyscurrilousthatWardorGildonwouldhavebeenashamedofit，entitledtheDescriptionofaSalamander。
FN607LondonGazette，July29。1695；MonthlyMercuryforAugust1695；StepneytoLordLexington，Aug。16/26；RobertFleming’sCharacterofKingWilliam，1702。ItwasintheattackofJuly17/27thatCaptainShandyreceivedthememorablewoundinhisgroin。
FN608LondonGazette，Aug。r。5。1695；MonthlyMercuryofAugust1695，containingtheLettersofWilliamandDykvelttotheStatesGeneral。
FN609MonthlyMercuryforAugust1695；StepneytoLordLexington，Aug。16/26
FN610MonthlyMercuryforAugust1695；LetterfromParis，Aug26/Sept51695，amongtheLexingtonPapers。
FN611L’Hermitage，Aug。13/231695。
FN612LondonGazette，Aug。26。1695；MonthlyMercury，StepneytoLexington，Aug。20/30。
FN613Boyer’sHistoryofKingWilliamIII，1703；LondonGazette，Aug。29。1695；StepneytoLexington，Aug。20/30。；BlathwayttoLexington，Sept。2。
FN614PostscripttotheMonthlyMercuryforAugust1695；LondonGazette，Sept。9。；SaintSimon；Dangeau。
FN615Boyer，HistoryofKingWilliamIII，2703；PostscripttotheMonthlyMercury，Aug。1695；LondonGazette，Sept。9。12。；
BlathwayttoLexington，Sept。6。；SaintSimon；Dangeau。
FN616Thereisanoble，andIsuppose，uniqueCollectionofthenewspapersofWilliam’sreignintheBritishMuseum。IhaveturnedovereverypageofthatCollection。ItisstrangethatneitherLuttrellnorEvelynshouldhavenoticedthefirstappearanceofthenewjournals。TheearliestmentionofthosejournalswhichIhavefound，isinadespatchofL’Hermitage，datedJuly12/22，1695。Iwilltranscribehiswords:——\"Depuisquelquetemsonimprimeiciplusieursfeuillesvolantesenformedegazette，quisontrempliesdetoutesseriesdenouvelles。
Cettelicenceestvenuedecequeleparlementn’apasachevelebillouprojetd’actequiavoiteteportedanslaChambredesCommunespourreglerl’imprimerieetempecherquecessortesdechosesn’arrivassent。Iln’yavoitci—devantqu’undescommisdesSecretairesd’Etatquieutlepouvoirdefairedesgazettes:maisaujourdhuiils’enfaitplusieurssonsd’autresnoms。\"
L’HermitagementionstheparagraphreflectingonthePrincess，andthesubmissionofthelibeller。
FN617L’Hermitage，Oct。15/25。，Nov。15/25。1695。
FN618LondonGazette，Oct。24。1695。SeeEvelyn’sAccountofNewmarketin1671，andPepys，July18。1668。FromTallard’sdespatcheswrittenafterthePeaceofRyswickitappearsthattheautumnmeetingswerenotlessnumerousorsplendidinthedaysofWilliamthaninthoseofhisuncles。
FN619IhavetakenthisaccountofWilliam’sprogresschieflyfromtheLondonGazettes，fromthedespatchesofL’Hermitage，fromNarcissusLuttrell’sDiary，andfromthelettersofVernon，YardandCartwrightamongtheLexingtonPapers。
FN620SeetheletterofYardtoLexington，November8。1695，andthenotebytheeditoroftheLexingtonPapers。
FN621L’Hermitage，Nov。15/25。1695。
FN622L’HermitageOct25/Nov4Oct29/Nov81695。
FN623Ibid。Nov。5/151695。
FN624L’Hermitage，Nov。15/251695；SirJamesForbestoLadyRussell，Oct。3。1695；LadyRusselltoLordEdwardRussell；ThePostman，Nov。1695。
FN625ThereisahighlycuriousaccountofthiscontestinthedespatchesofL’Hermitage。
FN626Postman，Dec。15。17。1696；VernontoShrewsbury，Dec。13。
15。；NarcissusLuttrell’sDiary；Burnet，i。647。；SaintEvremond’sVersestoHampden。
FN627L’Hermitage，Nov。13/23。1695。
FN628IhavederivedmuchvaluableinformationonthissubjectfromaMS。intheBritishMuseum，LansdowneCollection，No。801。
ItisentitledBriefMemoiresrelatingtotheSilverandGoldCoinsofEngland，withanAccountoftheCorruptionoftheHammeredMoney，andoftheReformbythelateGrandCoinageattheTowerandtheCountryMints，byHoptonHaynes，AssayMasteroftheMint。
FN629Stat。5Eliz。c。ii。，and18Eliz。c。1
FN630Pepys’sDiary，November23。1663。
FN631Thefirstwriterwhonoticedthefactthat，wheregoodmoneyandbadmoneyarethownintocirculationtogether，thebadmoneydrivesoutthegoodmoney，wasAristophanes。HeseemstohavethoughtthatthepreferencewhichhisfellowcitizensgavetolightcoinswastobeattributedtoadepravedtastesuchasledthemtoentrustmenlikeCleonandHyperboluswiththeconductofgreataffairs。But，thoughhispoliticaleconomywillnotbearexamination，hisversesareexcellent:——
pollakisg’eminedoksenepolispeponthenaitautonestetonpolitontouskaloustekagathousestetarkhaionnomismaKaitokainonkhrusion。
outegartoutoisinousinoukekibdeleumeniosallakallistoisapanton，usdokei，nomismaton，kaimonoisorthoskopeisi，kaikekodonismenoisentetoisEllisimkaitoisbarbarioisipantahkoukhrometh’ouden，allatoutoistoisponeroiskhalkiois，khthestekaiproenkopeisitokakistukommati。
tonpolitonth’ousmenismeneugeneiskaisophronasandrasontas，kaidikaious，kaikaloustekagathous，kaitraphentasenpalaistrais，kaikhoroiskaimousikiprouseloumentoisdekhalkois，kaiksenois，kaipurriais，kaiponeroiskakponeroneisapantakhrometha。
FN632NarcissusLuttrell’sDiaryisfilledwithaccountsoftheseexecutions。\"Lemetierderogneurdemonnoye，\"saysL’Hermitage，\"estsilucratifetparoitsifacileque，quelquechosequ’onfassepourlesdetruire，ils’entrouvetoujoursd’autrespourprendreleurplace。Oct1/11。1695。\"
FN633Astothesympathyofthepublicwiththeclippers，seetheverycurioussermonwhichFleetwoodafterwardsBishopofEly，preachedbeforetheLordMayorinDecember1694。Fleetwoodsaysthat\"asoftpernicioustendernessslackenedthecareofmagistrates，keptbacktheunderofficers，corruptedthejuries，andwithheldtheevidence。\"Hementionsthedifficultyofconvincingthecriminalsthemselvesthattheyhaddonewrong。SeealsoaSermonpreachedatYorkCastlebyGeorgeHalley，aclergymanoftheCathedral，tosomeclipperswhoweretobehangedthenextday。Hementionstheimpenitentendswhichclippersgenerallymade，anddoeshisbesttoawakentheconsciencesofhisbearers。HedwellsononeaggravationoftheircrimewhichIshouldnothavethoughtof。\"If，\"sayshe，\"thesamequestionweretobeputinthisage，asofold，’Whoseisthisimageandsuperscription？’wecouldnotanswerthewhole。Wemayguessattheimage；butwecannottellwhoseitisbythesuperscription；forthatisallgone。\"ThetestimonyofthesetwodivinesisconfirmedbythatofTomBrown，whotellsafacetiousstory，whichIdonotventuretoquote，aboutaconversationbetweentheordinaryofNewgateandaclipper。
FN634Lowndes’sEssayfortheAmendmentoftheSilverCoins，1695。
FN635L’Hermitage，Nov29/Dec91695。
FN636TheMemoirsofthisLancashireQuakerwereprintedafewyearsagoinamostrespectablenewspaper，theManchesterGuardian。
FN637Lowndes’sEssay。
FN638L’Hermitage，Dec24/Jan31695。
FN639Itoughtalwaystoberemembered，toAdamSmith’shonour，thathewasentirelyconvertedbyBentham’sDefenceofUsury，andacknowledged，withcandourworthyofatruephilosopher，thatthedoctrinelaiddownintheWealthofNationswaserroneous。
FN640Lowndes’sEssayfortheAmendmentoftheSilverCoins；
Locke’sFurtherConsiderationsconcerningraisingtheValueofMoney；LocketoMolyneux，Nov。20。1695；MolyneuxtoLocke，Dec。
24。1695。
FN641Burnet，ii。147。
FN642Commons’Journals，Nov。22，23。26。1695；L’Hermitage，Nov26/Dec6
FN643Commons’Journals，Nov。26，27，28，29。1695；L’Hermitage，Nov26。/Dec6Nov。29/Dec9Dec3/13
FN644Commons’Journals，Nov。28，29。1695；L’Hermitage，Dec。
3/13
FN645L’Hermitage，Nov22/Dec2，Dec6/161695；AnAbstractoftheConsultationsandDebatesbetweentheFrenchKingandhisCouncilconcerningthenewCointhatisintendedtobemadeinEngland，privatelysentbyaFriendoftheConfederatesfromtheFrenchCourttohisBrotheratBrussels，Dec。12。1695；A
DiscourseoftheGeneralNotionsofMoney，TradeandExchanges，byMr。ClementofBristol；ALetterfromanEnglishMerchantatAmsterdamtohisFriendinLondon；AFundforpreservingandsupplyingourCoin；AnEssayforregulatingtheCoin，byA。V。；A
ProposalforsupplyingHisMajestywith1，200，000L，bymendingtheCoin，andyetpreservingtheancientStandardoftheKingdom。
TheseareafewofthetractswhichweredistributedamongmembersofParliamentatthisconjuncture。
FN646Commons’Journals，Dec。10。1695；L’Hermitage，Dec。3/13
6/1610/20
FN647Commons’Journals，Dec。13。1695。
FN648Stat。7Gul。3。c。1。；Lords’andCommons’Journals；
L’Hermitage，Dec31/Jan10Jan7/1710/2014/241696。L’HermitagedescribesinstronglanguagetheextremeinconveniencecausedbythedisputebetweentheHouses:——\"Lalongueurqu’ilyadanscetteaffaireestd’autantplusdesagreablequ’iln’yapoint（lesujetsurlequellepeupleengeneralpuissesouffrirplusd’incommodite，puisqu’iln’yapersonnequi，atousmoments，n’ayeoccasiondel’esprouver。
FN649ThatLockewasnotapartytotheattempttomakegoldcheaperbypenallaws，IinferfromapassageinwhichhenoticesLowndes’scomplaintsaboutthehighpriceofguineas。\"Theonlyremedy，\"saysLocke，\"forthatmischief，aswellasagreatmanyothers，istheputtinganendtothepassingofclipp’dmoneybytale。\"Locke’sFurtherConsiderations。Thatthepenaltyproved，asmighthavebeenexpected，inefficacious，appearsfromseveralpassagesinthedespatchesofL’Hermitage，andevenfromHaynes’sBriefMemoires，thoughHayneswasadevotedadherentofMontague。
FN650L’Hermitage，Jan14/241696。
FN651Commons’Journals，Jan。14。17。23。1696；L’Hermitage，Jan。14/24；GloriaCambriae，orSpeechofaBoldBritonagainstaDutchPrinceofWales1702；LifeofthelateHonourableRobertPrice，&c。1734。PricewastheboldBritonwhosespeech——never，I
believe，spoken——wasprintedin1702。Hewouldhavebetterdeservedtobecalledbold，ifhehadpublishedhisimpertinencewhileWilliamwasliving。TheLifeofPriceisamiserableperformance，fullofblundersandanachronisms。
FN652L’HermitagementionstheunfavourablechangeinthetemperoftheCommons；andWilliamalludestoitrepeatedlyinhisletterstoHeinsius，Jan21/311696，Jan28/Feb7。
FN653ThegaietyoftheJacobitesissaidbyVanCleverskirketohavebeennoticedduringsometime；Feb25/March61696。
FN654Harris’sdeposition，March28。1696。
FN655Hunt’sdeposition。
FN656Fisher’sandHarris’sdepositions。
FN657Barclay’snarrative，intheLifeofJames，ii。548。；PaperbyCharnockamongtheMSS。intheBodleianLibrary。
FN658Harris’sdeposition。
FN659Ibid。Bernardi’sautobiographyisnotatalltobetrusted。
FN660Seehistrial。
FN661Fisher’sdeposition；Knightley’sdeposition；Cranburne’strial；DelaRue’sdeposition。
FN662Seethetrialsanddepositions。
FN663L’Hermitage，March3/13
FN664SeeBerwick’sMemoirs。
FN665VanCleverskirke，Feb25/March61696。Iamconfidentthatnosensibleandimpartialperson，afterattentivelyreadingBerwick’snarrativeofthesetransactionsandcomparingitwiththenarrativeintheLifeofJames（ii。544。）whichistaken，wordforword，fromtheOriginalMemoirs，candoubtthatJameswasaccessorytothedesignofassassination。
FN666L’Hermitage，MarchFeb25/March6
FN667Myaccountoftheseeventsistakenchieflyfromthetrialsanddepositions。SeealsoBurnet，ii。165，166，167，andBlackmore’sTrueandImpartialHistory，compiledunderthedirectionofShrewsburyandSomers，andBoyer’sHistoryofKingWilliamIII。，1703。
FN668PortlandtoLexington，March3/13。1696；VanCleverskirke，Feb25/Mar6L’Hermitage，samedate。
FN669Commons’Journals，Feb。241695。
FN670England’sEnemiesExposed，1701。
FN671Commons’Journals，Feb。24。1695/6。
FN672Ibid。Feb。25。1695/6；VanCleverskirke，Feb28/March9；
L’Hermitage，ofthesamedate。
FN673AccordingtoL’Hermitage，Feb27/Mar8，thereweretwoofthesefortunatehackneycoachmen。Ashrewdandvigilanthackneycoachmanindeedwasfromthenatureofhiscalling，verylikelytobesuccessfulinthissortofchase。Thenewspapersaboundwithproofsofthegeneralenthusiasm。
FN674PostmanMarch5。1695/6
FN675Ibid。Feb。29。，March2。，March12。，March14。1695/6。
FN676Postman，March12。1696；VernontoLexington，March13；
VanCleverskirke，March13/23TheproceedingsarefullyreportedintheCollectionofStateTrials。
FN677Burnet，ii。171。；ThePresentDispositionofEnglandconsidered；TheanswerentitledEngland’sEnemiesExposed，1701；
L’Hermitage，March17/27。1696。L’Hermitagesays，\"Charnockafaitdesgrandesinstancespouravoirsagrace，etaoffertdetoutdeclarer:maiselleluiaesterefusee。\"
FN678L’Hermitage，March17/27
FN679ThismostcuriouspaperisamongtheNairneMSS。intheBodleianLibrary。Ashort，andnotperfectlyingenuousabstractofitwillbefoundintheLifeofJames，ii。555。WhyMacpherson，whohasprintedmanylessinterestingdocumentsdidnotchoosetoprintthisdocument，itiseasytoguess。Iwilltranscribetwoorthreeimportantsentences。\"Itmayreasonablybepresumedthatwhat，inonejunctureHisMajestyhadrejectedhemightinanotheraccept，whenhisownandthepublicgoodnecessarilyrequiredit。ForIcouldnotunderstanditinsuchamannerasifhehadgivenageneralprohibitionthatatnotimethePrinceofOrangeshouldbetouched……NobodythatbelievesHisMajestytobelawfulKingofEnglandcandoubtbutthatinvirtueofhiscommissiontolevywaragainstthePrinceofOrangeandhisadherents，thesettinguponhispersonisjustifiable，aswellbythelawsofthelanddulyinterpretedandexplainedasbythelawofGod。\"
FN680ThetrialsofFriendandParkynswillbefound，excellentlyreported，amongtheStateTrials。
FN681L’Hermitage，April3/131696。
FN682Commons’Journals，April1，2。1696；L’Hermitage，April3/13。1696；VanCleverskirke，ofthesamedate。
FN683L’Hermitage，April7/17。1696。TheDeclarationoftheBishops，Collier’sDefence，andFurtherDefence，andalonglegalargumentforCookandSnattwillbefoundintheCollectionofStateTrials。
FN684SeetheManhunter，1690。
FN685StateTrials。
FN686Thebest，indeedtheonlygood，accountofthesedebatesisgivenbyL’Hermitage，Feb28/March91696。Hesays，verytruly；\"Ladifferencen’estqu’unedisputedemots，ledroitqu’onaaunechoseselonlesloixestantaussybonqu’ilpuisseestre。\"
FN687SeetheLondonGazettesduringseveralweeks；L’Hermitage，March24/April3April14/24。1696；Postman，April92530
FN688JournalsoftheCommonsandLords；L’Hermitage，April7/17
10/201696。
FN689SeetheFreeholder’sPleaagainstStockjobbingElectionsofParliamentMen，andtheConsiderationsuponCorruptElectionsofMemberstoserveinParliament。Boththesepamphletswerepublishedin1701。
FN690ThehistoryofthisbillwillbefoundintheJournalsoftheCommons，andinaveryinterestingdespatchofL’Hermitage，April14/241696。
FN691TheActis7&8Will。3。c。31。ItshistorymaybetracedintheJournals。
FN692LondonGazette，May4。1696
FN693Ibid。March12。16。1696；MonthlyMercuryforMarch，1696。
FN694TheActprovidedthattheclippedmoneymustbebroughtinbeforethefourthofMay。AsthethirdwasaSunday，thesecondwaspracticallythelastday。
FN695L’Hermitage，May5/151696；LondonNewsletter，May4。，May6。IntheNewsletterthefourthofMayismentionedas\"thedaysomuchtakennoticeoffortheuniversalconcernpeoplehadinit。\"
FN696LondonNewsletter，May21。1696；OldPostmaster，June25。；
L’Hermitage，May19/29。
FN697Haynes’sBriefMemoirs，LansdowneMSS。801。
FN698SeethepetitionfromBirminghamintheCommons’Journals，Nov。12。1696；andthepetitionfromLeicester，Nov。21
FN699\"Moneyexceedingscarce，sothatnonewaspaidorreceived；butallwasontrust。\"——Evelyn，May13。Andagain，onJune11。:\"Wantofcurrentmoneytocarryonthesmallestconcerns，evenfordailyprovisionsinthemarkets。\"
FN700L’Hermitage，May22/June1；SeeaLetterofDrydentoTonson，whichMalone，withgreatprobability，supposestohavebeenwrittenatthistime。
FN701L’HermitagetotheStatesGeneralMay8/18。；ParisGazette，June2/12。；TrialandCondemnationoftheLandBankatExeterChangeformurderingtheBankofEnglandatGrocers’Hall，1696。TheWillandtheEpitaphwillbefoundintheTrial。
FN702L’Hermitage，June12/22。1696。
FN703OnthissubjectseetheShortHistoryoftheLastParliament，1699；NarcissusLuttrell’sDiary；thenewspapersof1696passim，andthelettersofL’Hermitagepassim。SeealsothepetitionoftheClothiersofGloucesterintheCommons’Journal，Nov。27。1696。Oldmixon，whohadbeenhimselfasufferer，writesonthissubjectwithevenmorethanhisusualacrimony。
FN704SeeL’Hermitage，June12/22，June23/July，3June30/July10，Aug1/11Aug28/Sept71696。ThePostmanofAugust15。
mentionsthegreatbenefitderivedfromtheExchequerBills。ThePegasusofAug。24。says:\"TheExchequerBillsdomoreandmoreobtainwiththepublic；and’tisnowonder。\"ThePegasusofAug。
28。says:\"Theypassasmoneyfromhandtohand；’tisobservedthatsuchascrythemdownareillaffectedtothegovernment。\"
\"Theyarefoundbyexperience，\"saysthePostmanoftheseventhofMayfollowing，\"tobeofextraordinaryusetothemerchantsandtradersoftheCityofLondon，andallotherpartsofthekingdom。\"IwillgiveonespecimenoftheunmetricalandalmostunintelligibledoggrelwhichtheJacobitepoetspublishedonthissubject:——
\"Pray，Sir，didyouhearofthelateproclamation，Ofsendingpaperforpaymentquitethro’thenation？
Yes，Sir，Ihave:they’reyourMontague’snotes，TincturedandcolouredbyyourParliamentvotes。
But’tisplainonthepeopletobebutatoast，Theycomebythecarrierandgobythepost。\"
FN705Commons’Journals，Nov。25。1696。
FN706L’Hermitage，June2/12。1696；Commons’Journals，Nov。25。；
Post—man，May5。，June4。，July2。
FN707L’Hermitage，July。3/1310/201696；Commons’Journals，Nov。
25。；ParisGazette，June30。，Aug。25。；OldPostmaster，July9。
FN708WilliamtoHeinsius，July30。1696；WilliamtoShrewsbury，July23。30。31。
FN709ShrewsburytoWilliam，July28。31。，Aug。4。1696；
L’Hermitage，Aug。1/11
FN710ShrewsburytoWilliam，Aug7。1696；L’Hermitage，Aug14/24。；LondonGazette，Aug。13。
FN711L’Hermitage，Aug。18/28。1696。AmongtherecordsoftheBankisaresolutionoftheDirectorsprescribingtheverywordswhichSirJohnHoublonwastouse。William’ssenseoftheservicedonebytheBankonthisoccasionisexpressedinhislettertoShrewsbury，ofAug。24/Sept3。OneoftheDirectors，inaletterconcerningtheBank，printedin1697，says:\"TheDirectorscouldnothaveansweredittotheirmembers，haditbeenforanylessoccasionthanthepreservationofthekingdom。\"
FN712Haynes’sBriefMemoires；LansdowneMSS。801。Montague’sfriendlylettertoNewton，announcingtheappointment，hasbeenrepeatedlyprinted。ItbearsdateMarch19。1695/6。
FN713IhaveverygreatpleasureinquotingthewordsofHaynes，anable，experiencedandpracticalman，whohadbeeninthehabitoftransactingbusinesswithNewton。TheyhaveneverIbelieve，beenprinted。\"Mr。IsaacNewton，publicProfessoroftheMathematicksinCambridge，thegreatestphilosopher，andoneofthebestmenofthisage，was，byagreatandwisestatesman，recommendedtothefavourofthelateKingforWardenoftheKing’sMintandExchanges，forwhichhewaspeculiarlyqualified，becauseofhisextraordinaryskillinnumbers，andhisgreatintegrity，bythefirstofwhichhecouldjudgecorrectlyoftheMintaccountsandtransactionsassoonasheentereduponhisoffice；andbythelatter——Imeanhisintegrity——hesetastandardtotheconductandbehaviourofeveryofficerandclerkintheMint。Wellhaditbeenforthepublick，hadheactedafewyearssoonerinthatsituation。\"Itisinterestingtocomparethistestimony，bornebyamanwhothoroughlyunderstoodthebusinessoftheMint，withthechildishtalkofPope。\"SirIsaacNewton，\"saidPope，\"thoughsodeepinalgebraandfluxions，couldnotreadilymakeupacommonaccount；and，whilsthewasMasteroftheMint，usedtogetsomebodytomakeuptheaccountsforhim。\"SomeofthestatesmenwithwhomPopelivedmighthavetoldhimthatitisnotalwaysfromignoranceofarithmeticthatpersonsattheheadofgreatdepartmentsleavetoclerksthebusinessofcastinguppounds，shillingsandpence。
FN714\"Idonotlove，hewrotetoFlamsteed，\"tobeprintedoneveryoccasion，muchlesstobedunnedandteasedbyforeignersaboutmathematicalthings，ortobethoughtbyourownpeopletobetriflingawaymytimeaboutthem，whenIamabouttheKing’sbusiness。\"
FN715HoptonHaynes’sBriefMemoires；LansdowneMSS。801。；theOldPostmaster，July4。1696；thePostmanMay30。，July4，September12。19。，October8，；L’Hermitage’sdespatchesofthissummerandautumn，passim。
FN716ParisGazette，Aug。11。1696。
FN717Onthe7thofAugustL’Hermitageremarkedforthefirsttimethatmoneyseemedtobemoreabundant。
FN718CompareEdmundBohn’sLettertoCareyofthe31stofJuly1696withtheParisGazetteofthesamedate。Bohn’sdescriptionofthestateofNorfolkiscoloured，nodoubt，byhisconstitutionallygloomytemper，andbythefeelingwithwhichhe，notunnaturally，regardedtheHouseofCommons。Hisstatisticsarenottobetrusted；andhispredictionsweresignallyfalsified。Buthemaybebelievedastoplainfactswhichhappenedinhisimmediateneighbourhood。
FN719AstoGrascombe’scharacter，andtheopinionentertainedofhimbythemostestimableJacobites，seetheLifeofKettlewell，partiii。，section55。LeethecompileroftheLifeofKettlewellmentionswithjustcensuresomeofGrascombe’swritings，butmakesnoallusiontotheworstofthem，theAccountoftheProceedingsintheHouseofCommonsinrelationtotheRecoiningoftheClippedMoney，andfallingthepriceofGuineas。
ThatGrascombewastheauthor，wasprovedbeforeaCommitteeoftheHouseofCommons。SeetheJournals，Nov。3o。1696。
FN720L’Hermitage，June12/22。，July7/17。1696。
FN721SeetheAnswertoGrascombe，entitledReflectionsonaScandalousLibel。
FN722ParisGazette，Sept。15。1696，FN723L’Hermitage，Oct。2/121696。
FN724L’Hermitage，July20/30。，Oct。2/129/101696。
FN725TheMonthlyMercuries；CorrespondencebetweenShrewsburyandGalway；WilliamtoHeinsius，July23。30。1696；MemoiroftheMarquessofLeganes。
FN726WilliamtoHeinsius，Aug27/Sept6，Nov15/25Nov。17/27
1696；PriortoLexington，Nov。17/27；VillierstoShrewsbury，Nov。13/23
FN727MyaccountoftheattempttocorruptPorteristakenfromhisexaminationbeforetheHouseofCommonsonNov。16。1696，andfromthefollowingsources:Burnet，ii。183。；L’HermitagetotheStatesGeneral，May8/18。12/221696；thePostboy，May9。；thePostman，May9。；NarcissusLuttrell’sDiary；LondonGazette，Oct。
19。1696。
FN728LondonGazette；NarcissusLuttrell；L’Hermitage，June12/22；Postman，June11。
FN729LifeofWilliamIII。1703；Vernon’sevidencegiveninhisplaceintheHouseofCommons，Nov。16。1696。
FN730WilliamtoShrewsburyfromLoo，Sept。10。1696。
FN731ShrewsburytoWilliam，Sept。18。1696。
FN732WilliamtoShrewsbury，Sept。25。1696。
FN733LondonGazette，Oct。8。1696；VernontoShrewsbury，October8。ShrewsburytoPortland，Oct。11。
FN734VernontoShrewsbury，Oct。13。1696；SomerstoShrewsbury，Oct。15。
FN735WilliamtoShrewsbury，Oct。9。1696。
FN736ShrewsburytoWilliam，Oct。11。1696。
FN737SomerstoShrewsbury，Oct。19。1696。
FN738WilliamtoShrewsbury，Oct。20。1696。
FN739VernontoShrewsbury，Oct。13。15。；PortlandtoShrewsbury，Oct，20，1696。
FN740L’Hermitage，July10/201696。
FN741LansdowneMS。801。
FN742ItakemyaccountoftheseproceedingsfromtheCommons’
Journals，fromthedespatchesofVanCleverskirkeandL’HermitagetotheStatesGeneral，andfromVernon’slettertoShrewsburyofthe27thofOctober1696。\"Idon’tknow，\"saysVernon\"thattheHouseofCommonseveractedwithgreaterconcertthantheydoatpresent。\"
FN743VernontoShrewsbury，Oct。29。1696；L’Hermitage，Oct30/Nov9L’HermitagecallsHoweJaquesHaut。NodoubttheFrenchmanhadalwaysheardHowespokenofasJack。
FN744Postman，October24。1696；L’Hermitage，Oct23/Nov2。
L’Hermitagesays:\"OncommencedejaaressentirdeseffetsavantageuxdespromptesetfavorablesresolutionsquelaChambredesCommunespritMardy。Lediscomtedesbilletsdebanque，quiestoitlejourauparavanta18，estrevenuadouze，etlesactionsontaussyaugmente，aussybienquelestaillis。\"
FN745WilliamtoHeinsius，Nov。13/231696。
FN746ActesetMemoiresdesNegociationsdelaPaixdeRyswick，1707；VillierstoShrewsburyDec。1。11。4/14。1696；LetterofHeinsiusquotedbyM。SirtemadeGrovestins。OfthisletterI
havenotacopy。
FN747VernontoShrewsbury，Dec。8。1696。
FN748WhartontoShrewsbury，Oct。27。1696。
FN749SomerstoShrewsbury，Oct。27。31。1696；VernontoShrewsbury，Oct。31。；WhartontoShrewsbury，Nov。10。\"Iamapttothink，\"saysWharton，\"thereneverwasmoremanagementthaninbringingthatabout。\"
FN750SeeforexampleapoemonthelastTreasurydayatKensington，March1696/7。
FN751SomerstoShrewsbury，Oct31。1696；WhartontoShrewsbury，ofthesamedate。
FN752SomerstoShrewsbury，Nov。3。1696。TheKing’sunwillingnesstoseeFenwickismentionedinSomers’sletterofthe15thofOctober。
FN753VernontoShrewsbury，Nov。3。1696。
FN754ThecircumstancesofGoodman’sflightwereascertainedthreeyearslaterbytheEarlofManchester，whenAmbassadoratParis，andbyhimcommunicatedtoJerseyinaletterdatedSept25/Oct51699。
FN755LondonGazetteNov。9。1696；VernontoShrewsbury，Nov。
3。；VanCleverskirkeandL’Hermitageofthesamedate。
FN756TheaccountoftheeventsofthisdayIhavetakenfromtheCommons’Journals；thevaluableworkentitledProceedingsinParliamentagainstSirJohnFenwick，Bart。uponaBillofAttainderforHighTreason，1696；Vernon’sLettertoShrewsbury，November6。1696，andSomers’sLettertoShrewsbury，November7。
FromboththeselettersitisplainthattheWhigleadershadmuchdifficultyinobtainingtheabsolutionofGodolphin。
FN757Commons’Journals，Nov。9。1696—VernontoShrewsbury，Nov。10。TheeditoroftheStateTrialsismistakeninsupposingthatthequotationfromCaesar’sspeechwasmadeinthedebateofthe13th。
FN758Commons’Journals，Nov。13。16，17。；ProceedingsagainstSirJohnFenwick。
FN759ALettertoaFriendinVindicationoftheProceedingsagainstSirJohnFenwick，1697。
FN760ThisincidentismentionedbyL’Hermitage。
FN761L’Hermitagetellsusthatsuchthingstookplaceinthesedebates。
FN762SeetheLords’Journals，Nov。14。，Nov。30。，Dec。1。1696。
FN763WhartontoShrewsbury，Dec。1。1696；L’Hermitage，ofsamedate。
FN764L’Hermitage，Dec。4/14。1696；WhartontoShrewsbury，Dec。
1。
FN765Lords’JournalsDec。8。1696；L’Hermitage，ofthesamedate。
FN766L’Hermitage，Dec。15/2518/281696。
FN767Ibid。Dec。18/281696。
FN768Lords’Journals，Dec。15。1696；L’Hermitage，Dec。18/28；
VernontoShrewsbury，Dec。15。AboutthenumbersthereisaslightdifferencebetweenVernonandL’Hermitage。IhavefollowedVernon。
FN769Lords’Journals，Dec。18。1696；VernontoShrewsbury，Dec。
19。；L’Hermitage，Dec22/Jan1。ItakethenumbersfromVernon。
FN770Lords’Journals，Dec。251696；L’Hermitage，Dec26/Jan4。
IntheVernonCorrespondencethereisaletterfromVernontoShrewsburygivinganaccountofthetransactionsofthisday；butitiserroneouslydatedDec。2。，andisplacedaccordingtothatdate。Thisisnottheonlyblunderofthekind。AletterfromVernontoShrewsbury，evidentlywrittenonthe7thofNovember1696，isdatedandplacedasaletterofthe7thofJanuary1697。
AletterofJune14。1700isdatedandplacedasaletterofJune15。1698。TheVernonCorrespondenceisofgreatvalue；butitissoilleditedthatitcannotbesafelyusedwithoutmuchcaution，andconstantreferencetootherauthorities。
FN771Lords’Journals，Dec。23。1696；VernontoShrewsbury，Dec。
24；L’Hermitage，Dec25/Jan4。
FN772VernontoShrewsbury，Dec，241696。
FN773Dohna，whoknewMonmouthwell，describeshimthus:\"Ilavoitdel’espritinfiniment，etmemeduplusagreable；maisilyavoirunpeutropdehautetdebasdanssonfait。Ilnesavoitcequec’etoitquedemenagerlesgens；etilturlupinoital’outranceceuxquineluiplaisoientpas。\"
FN774L’Hermitage，Jan。12/221697。
FN775Lords’Journals，Jan。9。1696/7；VernontoShrewsbury，ofthesamedate；L’Hermitage，Jan。12/22。
FN776Lords’Journals，Jan。15。1691；VernontoShrewsbury，ofthesamedate；L’Hermitage，ofthesamedate。
FN777Postman，Dec。29。31。1696。
FN778L’Hermitage，Jan。12/22。1697。
FN779VanCleverskirke，Jan。12/22。1697；L’Hermitage，Jan。
15/25。
FN780L’Hermitage，Jan。15/25。1697。
FN781Lords’Journals，Jan。22。26。1696/7；VernontoShrewsbury，Jan。26。
FN782Commons’Journals，Jan。27。169。Theentryinthejournals，whichmighteasilyescapenotice，isexplainedbyaletterofL’Hermitage，writtenJan29/Feb8
FN783L’Hermitage，Jan29/Feb8；1697；LondonGazette，Feb。1。；
ParisGazette；VernontoShrewsbury；Jan。28。；Burnet，ii。193。
FN784Commons’Journals，December19。1696；VernontoShrewsbury，Nov。28。1696。
FN785Lords’Journals，Jan。23。1696/7；VernontoShrewsbury，Jan。23。；L’Hermitage，Jan26/Feb5。
FN786Commons’Journals，Jan。26。1696/7；VernontoShrewsburyandVanCleverskirketotheStatesGeneralofthesamedate。ItiscuriousthattheKingandtheLordsshouldhavemadesostrenuousafightagainsttheCommonsindefenceofoneofthefivepointsofthePeoplesCharter。
FN787Commons’Journals，April1。3。1697；NarcissusLuttrell’sDiary；L’Hermitage，April2/12AsL’Hermitagesays，\"Laplupartdesmembres，lorsqu’ilssontalacampagne，estantbienaisesd’estreinformezparplusd’unendroitdecequisepasse，ets’imaginantquelaGazettequisefaitsousladirectiond’undesSecretairesd’Etat，necontiendroitpasautantdechosesquefaitcelle—cy，nesontpasfichezqued’autreslesinstruisent。\"ThenumbersonthedivisionItakefromL’Hermitage。TheyarenottobefoundintheJournals。ButtheJournalswerenotthensoaccuratelykeptasatpresent。
FN788NarcissusLuttrell’sDiary，June1691，May1693。
FN789Commons’Journals，Dec30。1696；Postman，July4。1696。
FN790PostmanApril22。1696；NarcissusLuttrell’sDiary。
FN791LondonGazette，April26。29。1697，FN792LondonGazette，April29。1697；L’Hermitage，April23/May3
FN793LondonGazette，April26。291697L’Hermitage，April23/May3
FN794WhattheopinionofthepublicwaswelearnfromaletterwrittenbyL’HermitageimmediatelyafterGodolphin’sresignation，Nov3/13。1696，\"LepublictournepluslaveuesurleSieurMontegu，quialasecondechargedelaTresoreriequesuraucunautre。\"ThestrangesilenceoftheLondonGazetteisexplainedbyaletterofVernontoShrewsbury，datedMay1。1697。
FN795LondonGazette，April22。26:1697。
FN796Postman，Jan。26；Mar。7。11。1696/7；April8。1697。
FN797Ibid。Oct。29。1696。
FN798Howell’sStateTrials；Postman，Jan。9/191696/7。
FN799SeetheProtocolofFebruary101697，intheActesetMemoiresdesNegociationsdelaPaixdeRyswick，1707。
FN800WilliamtoHeinsius，Dec。11/211696。TherearesimilarexpressionsinotherletterswrittenbytheKingaboutthesametime。
FN801SeethepapersdrawnupatVienna，anddatedSept。16。
1696，andMarch141697。SeealsotheprotocoldrawnupattheHague，March14。1697。ThesedocumentswillbefoundintheActesetMemoiresdesNegociationsdelaPaixdeRyswick，1707。
FN802CharactersofallthethreeFrenchministersaregivenbySaintSimon。
FN803ActesetMemoiresdesNegociationsdelaPaixdeRyswick。
FN804AnengravingandgroundplanofthemansionwillbefoundintheActesetMemoires。
FN805WhoeverwishestobefullyinformedastotheidlecontroversiesandmummeriesinwhichtheCongresswasteditstime，mayconsulttheActesetMemoires。
FN806SaintSimonwascertainlyasgoodajudgeofmenasanyofthoseEnglishgrumblerswhocalledPortlandadunceandaboor；
SaintSimontoohadeveryopportunityofformingacorrectjudgment；forhesawPortlandinasituationfullofdifficulties；andSaintSimonsays，inoneplace，\"Benting，discret，secret，poliauxautres，fideleasonmaitre，adroitenaffaires，leservittresutilement；\"inanother，\"Portlandparutavecuneclatpersonnel，unepolitesse，unairdemondeetdecour，unegalanterieetdesgracesquisurprirent；aveccela，beaucoupdedignite，meme（lehauteur，maisavecdiscernementetunjugementpromptsansriendehasarde。\"BoufflerstooextolsPortland’sgoodbreedingandtact。BoufflerstoLewis，July9。
1697。ThisletterisinthearchivesoftheFrenchForeignOffice。AtranslationwillbefoundinthevaluablecollectionpublishedbyM。Grimblot。
FN807BoufflerstoLewis，June21/July11697；LewistoBoufflers，June22/July2；BoufflerstoLewis，June25/July5
FN808BoufflerstoLewisJune28/July8，June29/July91697
FN809MyaccountofthisnegotiationIhavetakenchieflyfromthedespatchesintheFrenchForeignOffice。TranslationsofthosedespatcheshavebeenpublishedbyM。Grimblot。SeealsoBurnet，ii。200，201。
IthasbeenfrequentlyassertedthatWilliampromisedtopayMaryofModenafiftythousandpoundsayear。WhoevertakesthetroubletoreadtheProtocolofSept。10/201697，amongtheActsofthePeaceofRyswick，willseethatmyaccountiscorrect。PriorevidentlyunderstoodtheprotocolasIunderstandit。Forhesays，inalettertoLexingtonofSept。17。1697，\"No。2。isthethingtowhichtheKingconsentsastoQueenMarie’ssettlements。
Itisfairlygivingherwhatthelawallowsher。ThemediatoristodictatethispapertotheFrench，andenteritintohisprotocol；andsoIthinkweshallcomeoffabonmarcheuponthatarticle。\"
Itwasrumouredatthetime（seeBoyer’sHistoryofKingWilliamIII。1703）thatPortlandandBoufflershadagreedonasecretarticlebywhichitwasstipulatedthat，afterthedeathofWilliam，thePrinceofWalesshouldsucceedtotheEnglishthrone。Thisfablehasoftenbeenrepeated，butwasneverbelievedbymenofsense，andcanhardly，sincethepublicationoftheletterswhichpassedbetweenLewisandBoufflers，findcreditevenwiththeweakest。DalrympleandotherwritersimaginedthattheyhadfoundintheLifeofJames（ii。574，575。）
proofthatthestoryofthesecretarticlewastrue。ThepassageonwhichtheyreliedwascertainlynotwrittenbyJames，norunderhisdirection；andtheauthorityofthoseportionsoftheLifewhichwerenotwrittenbyhim，orunderhisdirection，isbutsmall。Moreover，whenweexaminethispassage，weshallfindthatitnotonlydoesnotbearoutthestoryofthesecretarticle，butdirectlycontradictsthatstory。ThecompileroftheLifetellsusthat，afterJameshaddeclaredthatheneverwouldconsenttopurchasetheEnglishthroneforhisposteritybysurrenderinghisownrights，nothingmorewassaidonthesubject。NowitisquitecertainthatJamesinhisMemorialpublishedinMarch1697，aMemorialwhichwillbefoundbothintheLife（ii。566，）andintheActsofthePeaceofRyswick，declaredtoallEuropethatheneverwouldstooptosolowanddegenerateanactionastopermitthePrinceofOrangetoreignonconditionthatthePrinceofWalesshouldsucceed。Itfollows，therefore，thatnothingcanhavebeensaidonthissubjectafterMarch1697。Nothingtherefore，canhavebeensaidonthissubjectintheconferencesbetweenBoufflersandPortland，whichdidnotbegintilllateinJune。
Wastherethenabsolutelynofoundationforthestory？Ibelievethattherewasafoundation；andIhavealreadyrelatedthefactsonwhichthissuperstructureoffictionhasbeenreared。ItisquitecertainthatLewis，in1693，intimatedtothealliesthroughthegovernmentofSweden，hishopethatsomeexpedientmightbedevisedwhichwouldreconcilethePrinceswholaidclaimtotheEnglishcrown。Theexpedientatwhichbehintedwas，nodoubt，thatthePrinceofWalesshouldsucceedWilliamandMary。
Itispossiblethat，asthecompileroftheLifeofJamessays，Williammayhave\"show’dnogreataversness\"tothisarrangement。
Hehadnoreason，publicorprivate，forpreferringhissisterinlawtohisbrotherinlaw，ifhisbrotherinlawwerebredaProtestant。ButWilliamcoulddonothingwithouttheconcurrenceoftheParliament；anditisinthehighestdegreeimprobablethateitherheortheParliamentwouldeverhaveconsentedtomakethesettlementoftheEnglishcrownamatterofstipulationwithFrance。Whathewouldorwouldnothavedone，however，wecannotwithcertaintypronounce。ForJamesprovedimpracticable。
Lewisconsequentlygaveupallthoughtsofeffectingacompromiseandpromised，aswehaveseen，torecogniseWilliamasKingofEngland\"withoutanydifficulty，restriction，condition，orreserve。\"Itseemscertainthat，afterthispromise，whichwasmadeinDecember1696，thePrinceofWaleswasnotagainmentionedinthenegotiations。
FN810PriorMS。；WilliamsontoLexington，July20/30。1697；
WilliamsontoShrewsbury，July23/Aug2
FN811ThenoteoftheFrenchministers，datedJuly10/201697，willbefoundintheActesetMemoires。
FN812MonthlyMercuriesforAugustandSeptember，1697。
FN813LifeofJames，ii:565。
FN814ActesetMemoiresdesNegociationsdelaPaixdeRyswick；
LifeofJames，ii。566。
FN815James’sProtestwillbefoundinhisLife，ii。572。
FN816ActesetMemoiresdesNegociationsdelaPaixdeRyswick；
WilliamsontoLexington，Sept14/241697；PriorMS。
FN817PriorMS。
FN818L’Hermitage，July20/30；July27/Aug6，Aug24/Sept3，Aug27/Sept6Aug31/Sept101697Postman，Aug。31。
FN819VanCleverskirketotheStatesGeneral，Sept。14/241697；
L’Hermitage，Sept。14/24；PostscripttothePostman，ofthesamedate；PostmanandPostboyofSept。19/29PostmanofSept。18/28。
FN820L’Hermitage，Sept17/27，Sept25/Oct41697Oct19/29；
Postman，Nov。20。
FN821L’Hermitage，Sept21/Oct1Nov2/12I697；ParisGazette，Nov。20/30；Postboy，Nov。2。Atthistimeappearedapasquinadeentitled，ASatyrupontheFrenchKing，writtenafterthePeacewasconcludedatReswick，anno1697，byaNon—SwearingParson，andsaidtobedrop’doutofhisPocketatSam’sCoffeeHouse。I
quoteafewofthemostdecentcouplets。
\"Lord！withwhatmonstrousliesandsenselessshamsHavewebeenculliedallalongatSam’s！
Whocouldhavee’erbelieved，unlessinspiteLewisleGrandwouldturnrankWilliamite？
Thouthathastlook’dsofierceandtalk’dsobig，InthineoldagetodwindletoaWhig！
OfKingsdistress’dthouartafinesecurer。
Thoumak’stmeswear，thatamaknownnonjuror。
WereJobalive，andbanter’dbysuchshufflers，He’doutrailOates，andcurseboththeeandBoufflersFortheeI’velost，ifIcanrightlyscan’em，Twolivings，worthfulleightscorepoundsperannum，BonaeetlegalisAngliaeMonetae。
ButnowI’mclearlyroutedbythetreaty。\"
FN822LondonGazettes；PostboyofNov。181697；L’Hermitage，Nov。5/15。
FN823LondonGazette，Nov。18。221697；VanCleverskirkeNov。
16/26，19/29。；L’Hermitage，Nov。16/26；PostboyandPostman，Nov。
18。WilliamtoHeinsius，Nov。16/26
FN824Evelyn’sDiary，Dec，2。1697。Thesermonisextant；andI
mustacknowledgethatitdeservesEvelyn’scensure。
FN825LondonGazette，Dec。6。1697；Postman，Dec。4。；VanCleverskirke，Dec。2/12；L’Hermitage，Nov。19/29。
EndofTheHistoryofEnglandfromtheAccessionofJamesII，Vol。4
TheHistoryofEnglandfromtheAccessionofJamestheSecondbyThomasBabingtonMacaulayVolumeV
（ChaptersXXIII—XXV）
PREFACETOTHEFIFTHVOLUME。
IHAVEthoughtitrighttopublishthatportionofthecontinuationofthe\"HistoryofEngland\"whichwasfairlytranscribedandrevisedbyLordMacaulay。Itisgiventotheworldpreciselyasitwasleft:noconnectinglinkhasbeenadded；noreferenceverified；noauthoritysoughtfororexamined。Itwouldindeedhavebeenpossible，withthehelpI
mighthaveobtainedfromhisfriends，tohavesuppliedmuchthatiswanting；butIpreferred，andIbelievethepublicwillprefer，thatthelastthoughtsofthegreatmindpassedawayfromamongusshouldbepreservedsacredfromanytouchbuthisown。
Besidestherevisedmanuscript，afewpagescontainingthefirstroughsketchofthelasttwomonthsofWilliam’sreignareallthatisleft。FromthisIhavewithsomedifficultydecipheredtheaccountofthedeathofWilliam。Noattempthasbeenmadetojoinitontotheprecedingpart，ortosupplythecorrectionswhichwouldhavebeengivenbytheimprovinghandoftheauthor。
But，imperfectasitmustbe，Ibelieveitwillbereceivedwithpleasureandinterestasafitconclusiontothelifeofhisgreathero。
Iwillonlyaddmygratefulthanksforthekindadviceandassistancegivenmebyhismostdearandvaluedfriends，DeanMilmanandMr。Ellis。
CHAPTERXXIII
StandingArmies——Sunderland——LordSpencer——ControversytouchingStandingArmies——MeetingofParliament——TheKing’sSpeechwellreceived；DebateonaPeaceEstablishment——Sunderlandattacked——
TheNationaversetoaStandingArmy——MutinyAct；theNavyActsconcerningHighTreason——EarlofClancarty——WaysandMeans；
RightsoftheSovereigninreferencetoCrownLands——ProceedingsinParliamentonGrantsofCrownLands——MontagueaccusedofPeculation——BillofPainsandPenaltiesagainstDuncombe——
Dissensionbetweenthehouses——CommercialQuestions——IrishManufactures——EastIndiaCompanies——FireatWhitehall——VisitoftheCzar——Portland’sEmbassytoFrance——TheSpanishSuccession——
TheCountofTallard’sEmbassy——NewmarketMeeting:theinsecureStateoftheRoads——FurtherNegotiationsrelatingtotheSpanishSuccession——TheKinggoestoHolland——PortlandreturnsfromhisEmbassy——WilliamisreconciledtoMarlboroughTHErejoicings，bywhichLondon，onthesecondofDecember1697，celebratedthereturnofpeaceandprosperity，continuedtilllongaftermidnight。OnthefollowingmorningtheParliamentmet；
andoneofthemostlaborioussessionsofthatagecommenced。
AmongthequestionswhichitwasnecessarythattheHousesshouldspeedilydecide，onestoodforthpreeminentininterestandimportance。EveninthefirsttransportsofjoywithwhichthebearerofthetreatyofRyswickhadbeenwelcomedtoEngland，menhadeagerlyandanxiouslyaskedoneanotherwhatwastobedonewiththatarmywhichhadbeenfamedinIrelandandBelgium，whichhadlearned，inmanyhardcampaigns，toobeyandtoconquer，andwhichnowconsistedofeighty—seventhousandexcellentsoldiers。
WasanypartofthisgreatforcetoberetainedintheserviceoftheState？And，ifanypart，whatpart？Thelasttwokingshad，withouttheconsentofthelegislature，maintainedmilitaryestablishmentsintimeofpeace。ButthattheyhaddonethisinviolationofthefundamentallawsofEnglandwasacknowledgedbyalljurists，andhadbeenexpresslyaffirmedintheBillofRights。ItwasthereforeimpossibleforWilliam，nowthatthecountrywasthreatenedbynoforeignandnodomesticenemy，tokeepupevenasinglebattalionwithoutthesanctionoftheEstatesoftheRealm；anditmightwellbedoubtedwhethersuchasanctionwouldbegiven。
Itisnoteasyforustoseethisquestioninthelightinwhichitappearedtoourancestors。
Nomanofsensehas，inourdays，orinthedaysofourfathers，seriouslymaintainedthatourislandcouldbesafewithoutanarmy。And，evenifourislandwereperfectlysecurefromattack，anarmywouldstillbeindispensablynecessarytous。Thegrowthoftheempirehasleftusnochoice。TheregionswhichwehavecolonizedorconqueredsincetheaccessionoftheHouseofHanovercontainapopulationexceedingtwenty—foldthatwhichtheHouseofStuartgoverned。TherearenowmoreEnglishsoldiersontheothersideofthetropicofCancerintimeofpeacethanCromwellhadunderhiscommandintimeofwar。AllthetroopsofCharlesII。wouldnothavebeensufficienttogarrisonthepostswhichwenowoccupyintheMediterraneanSeaalone。TheregimentswhichdefendtheremotedependenciesoftheCrowncannotbedulyrecruitedandrelieved，unlessaforcefarlargerthanthatwhichJamescollectedinthecampatHounslowforthepurposeofoverawinghiscapitalbeconstantlykeptupwithinthekingdom。
Theoldnationalantipathytopermanentmilitaryestablishments，anantipathywhichwasoncereasonableandsalutary，butwhichlastedsometimeafterithadbecomeunreasonableandnoxious，hasgraduallyyieldedtotheirresistibleforceofcircumstances。
Wehavemadethediscovery，thatanarmymaybesoconstitutedastobeinthehighestdegreeefficientagainstanenemy，andyetobsequioustothecivilmagistrate。Wehavelongceasedtoapprehenddangertolawandtofreedomfromthelicenseoftroops，andfromtheambitionofvictoriousgenerals。Analarmistwhoshouldnowtalksuchlanguage，aswascommonfivegenerationsago，whoshouldcallfortheentiredisbandingofthelandforce；
oftherealm，andwhoshouldgravelypredictthatthewarriorsofInkermanandDelhiwoulddeposetheQueen，dissolvetheParliament，andplundertheBank，wouldberegardedasfitonlyforacellinSaintLuke’s。ButbeforetheRevolutionourancestorshadknownastandingarmyonlyasaninstrumentoflawlesspower。Judgingbytheirownexperience，theythoughtitimpossiblethatsuchanarmyshouldexistwithoutdangertotherightsbothoftheCrownandofthepeople。OneclassofpoliticianswasneverwearyofrepeatingthatanApostolicChurch，aloyalgentry，anancientnobility，asaintedKing，hadbeenfoullyoutragedbytheJoycesandthePrides；anotherclassrecountedtheatrocitiescommittedbytheLambsofKirke，andbytheBeelzebubsandLucifersofDundee；andbothclasses，agreeinginscarcelyanythingelse，weredisposcdtoagreeinaversiontotheredcoats。
Whilesuchwasthefeelingofthenation，theKingwas，bothasastatesmanandasageneral，mostunwillingtoseethatsuperbbodyoftroopswhichhehadformedwithinfinitedifficultybrokenupanddispersed。But，astothismatter，hecouldnotabsolutelyrelyonthesupportofhisministers；norcouldhisministersabsolutelyrelyonthesupportofthatparliamentarymajoritywhoseattachmenthadenabledthemtoconfrontenemiesabroadandtocrushtraitorsathome，torestoreadebasedcurrency，andtofixpubliccreditondeepandsolidfoundations。
ThedifficultiesoftheKing’ssituationaretobe，inpartatleast，attributedtoanerrorwhichhehadcommittedintheprecedingspring。TheGazettewhichannouncedthatSunderlandbeenappointedChamberlainoftheRoyalHousehold，swornofthePrivyCouncil，andnamedoneoftheLordsJusticeswhoweretoadministerthegovernmentduringthesummerhadcausedgreatuneasinessamongplainmenwhorememberedallthewindingsanddoublingsofhislongcareer。Intruth，hiscountrymenwereunjusttohim。Fortheythoughthim，notonlyanunprincipledandfaithlesspolitician，whichhewas，butadeadlyenemyofthelibertiesofthenation，whichhewasnot。Whathewantedwassimplytobesafe，richandgreat。Totheseobjectshehadbeenconstantthroughallthevicissitudesofhislife。FortheseobjectshehadpassedfromChurchtoChurchandfromfactiontofaction，hadjoinedthemostturbulentofoppositionswithoutanyzealforfreedom，andhadservedthemostarbitraryofmonarchswithoutanyzealformonarchy；hadvotedfortheExclusionBillwithoutbeingaProtestant，andhadadoredtheHostwithoutbeingaPapist；hadsoldhiscountryatoncetoboththegreatpartieswhichdividedtheContinent；hadtakenmoneyfromFrance，andhadsentintelligencetoHolland。Asfar，however，ashecouldbesaidtohaveanyopinions，hisopinionswereWhiggish。Sincehisreturnfromexile，hisinfluencehadbeengenerallyexertedinfavouroftheWhigparty。ItwasbyhiscounselthattheGreatSealhadbeenentrustedtoSomers，thatNottinghamhadbeensacrificedtoRussell，andthatMontaguehadbeenpreferredtoFox。ItwasbyhisdexterousmanagementthatthePrincessAnnehadbeendetachedfromtheopposition，andthatGodolphinhadbeenremovedfromtheheadofthehoardofTreasury。ThepartywhichSunderlandhaddonesomuchtoservenowheldanewpledgeforhisfidelity。Hisonlyson，CharlesLordSpencer，wasjustenteringonpubliclife。Theprecociousmaturityoftheyoungman’sintellectualandmoralcharacterhadexcitedhopeswhichwerenotdestinedtoberealized。Hisknowledgeofancientliterature，andhisskillinimitatingthestylesofthemastersofRomaneloquence，wereapplaudedbyveteranscholars。Thesedatenessofhisdeportmentandtheapparentregularityofhislifedelightedausteremoralists。Hewasknownindeedtohaveoneexpensivetaste；butitwasatasteofthemostrespectablekind。Helovedbooks，andwasbentorformingthemostmagnificentprivatelibraryinEngland。Whileotherheirsofnoblehouseswereinspectingpatternsofsteinkirksandswordknots，danglingafteractresses，orbettingonfightingcocks，hewasinpursuitoftheMentzeditionsofTully’sOffices，oftheParmesanStatius，andoftheinestimableVirginofZarottus。1Itwasnaturalthathighexpectationsshouldbeformedofthevirtueandwisdomofayouthwhoseveryluxuryandprodigalityhadagraveanderuditeair，andthatevendiscerningmenshouldbeunabletodetecttheviceswhichwerehiddenunderthatshowofprematuresobriety。
SpencerwasaWhig，unhappilyfortheWhigparty，which，beforetheunhonouredandunlamentedcloseofhislife，wasmorethanoncebroughttothevergeofruinbyhisviolenttemperandhiscrookedpolitics。HisWhiggismdifferedwidelyfromthatofhisfather。Itwasnotalanguid，speculative，preferenceofonetheoryofgovernmenttoanother，butafierceanddominantpassion。Unfortunately，thoughanardent，itwasatthesametimeacorruptanddegenerate，Whiggism；aWhiggismsonarrowandoligarchicalastobelittle，ifatall，preferabletotheworstformsofToryism。Theyounglord’simaginationhadbeenfascinatedbythoseswellingsentimentsoflibertywhichaboundintheLatinpoetsandorators；andhe，likethosepoetsandorators，meantbylibertysomethingverydifferentfromtheonlylibertywhichisofimportancetothehappinessofmankind。Likethem，hecouldseenodangertolibertyexceptfromkings。A
commonwealth，oppressedandpillagedbysuchmenasOpimiusandVerres，wasfree，becauseithadnoking。AmemberoftheGrandCouncilofVenice，whopassedhiswholelifeundertutelageandinfear，whocouldnottravelwherehechose，orvisitwhomhechose，orinvesthispropertyashechose，whosepathwasbesetwithspies，whosawatthecornersofthestreetsthemouthofbronzegapingforanonymousaccusationsagainsthim，andwhomtheInquisitorsofStatecould，atanymoment，andforanyornoreason，arrest，torture，flingintotheGrandCanal，wasfree，becausehehadnoking。Tocurtail，forthebenefitofasmallprivilegedclass，prerogativeswhichtheSovereignpossessesandoughttopossessforthebenefitofthewholenation，wastheobjectonwhichSpencer’sheartwasset。Duringmanyyearshewasrestrainedbyolderandwisermen；anditwasnottillthosewhomhehadearlybeenaccustomedtorespecthadpassedaway，andtillhewashimselfattheheadofaffairs，thatheopenlyattemptedtoobtainforthehereditarynobilityaprecariousandinvidiousascendencyintheState，attheexpensebothoftheCommonsandoftheThrone。
In1695，SpencerhadtakenhisseatintheHouseofCommonsasmemberforTiverton，andhad，duringtwosessions，conductedhimselfasasteadyandzealousWhig。
Thepartytowhichhehadattachedhimselfmightperhapshavereasonablyconsideredhimasahostagesufficienttoensurethegoodfaithofhisfather；fortheEarlwasapproachingthattimeoflifeatwhicheventhemostambitiousandrapaciousmengenerallytoilratherfortheirchildrenthanforthemselves。ButthedistrustwhichSunderlandinspiredwassuchasnoguaranteecouldquiet。Manyfanciedthathewas，——withwhatobjecttheynevertookthetroubletoinquire，——employingthesameartswhichhadruinedJamesforthepurposeofruiningWilliam。Eachprincehadhadhisweakside。OnewastoomuchaPapist，andtheothertoomuchasoldier，forsuchanationasthis。ThesameintriguingsycophantwhohadencouragedthePapistinonefatalerrorwasnowencouragingthesoldierinanother。Itmightwellbeapprehendedthat，undertheinfluenceofthisevilcounsellor，thenephewmightalienateasmanyheartsbytryingtomakeEnglandamilitarycountryastheunclehadalienatedbytryingtomakeheraRomanCatholiccountry。
Theparliamentaryconflictonthegreatquestionofastandingarmywasprecededbyaliteraryconflict。Intheautumnof1697
beganacontroversyofnocommoninterestandimportance。Thepresswasnowfree。Anexcitingandmomentouspoliticalquestioncouldbefairlydiscussed。Thosewhohelduncourtlyopinionscouldexpressthoseopinionswithoutresortingtoillegalexpedientsandemployingtheagencyofdesperatemen。Theconsequencewasthatthedisputewascarriedon，thoughwithsufficientkeenness，yet，onthewhole，withadecencywhichwouldhavebeenthoughtextraordinaryinthedaysofthecensorship。
OnthisoccasiontheTories，thoughtheyfeltstrongly，wrotebutlittle。ThepaperwarwasalmostentirelycarriedonbetweentwosectionsoftheWhigparty。Thecombatantsonbothsidesweregenerallyanonymous。ButitwaswellknownthatoneoftheforemostchampionsofthemalecontentWhigswasJohnTrenchard，sonofthelateSecretaryofState。PreeminentamongtheministerialWhigswasoneinwhomadmirablevigourandquicknessofintellectwereunitedtoanotlessadmirablemoderationandurbanity，onewholookedonthehistoryofpastageswiththeeyeofapracticalstatesman，andontheeventswhichwerepassingbeforehimwiththeeyeofaphilosophicalhistorian。Itwasnotnecessaryforhimtonamehimself。HecouldbenonebutSomers。