EditionsofHesiod:——
DemetriusChalcondyles,Milan（？）1493（？）（\"editioprinceps\",containing,however,onlythe\"WorksandDays\"）。
AldusManutius（Aldineedition）,Venice,1495（completeworks）。
JuntineEditions,1515and1540。
Trincavelli,Venice,1537（withscholia）。
Ofmoderneditions,thefollowingmaybenoticed:——
Gaisford,Oxford,1814—1820;Leipzig,1823（withscholia:inPoett。Graec。MinnII）。
Goettling,Gotha,1831（3rdedition。Leipzig,1878）。
DidotEdition,Paris,1840。
Schomann,1869。
KoechlyandKinkel,Leipzig,1870。
Flach,Leipzig,1874—8。
Rzach,Leipzig,1902（largeredition）,1913（smalleredition）。
OntheHesiodicpoemsgenerallytheordinaryHistoriesofGreekLiteraturemaybeconsulted,butespeciallythe\"Hist。delaLitteratureGrecque\"Ipp。459ff。ofMM。Croiset。ThesummaryaccountinProf。Murray\'s\"Anc。Gk。Lit。\"iswrittenwithastrongscepticalbias。VeryvaluableistheappendixtoMair\'stranslation（Oxford,1908）on\"TheFarmer\'sYearinHesiod\"。
RecentworkontheHesiodicpoemsisreviewedinfullbyRzachinBursian\'s\"Jahresberichte\"vols。100（1899）and152（1911）。
Forthe\"Fragments\"ofHesiodicpoemstheworkofMarkscheffel,\"HesiodiFragmenta\"（Leipzig,1840）,ismostvaluable:importantalsoisKinkel\'s\"EpicorumGraecorumFragmenta\"I（Leipzig,1877）
andtheeditionsofRzachnoticedabove。ForrecentlydiscoveredpapyrusfragmentsseeWilamowitz,\"NeueBruchstucked。HesiodKatalog\"（Sitzungsb。derk。preuss。Akad。furWissenschaft,1900,pp。839—851）。AlistofpapyribelongingtolostHesiodicworksmayherebeadded:allarethe\"Catalogues\"。
1）BerlinPapyri7497（1）（2ndcent。）。——Frag。7。
2）OxyrhynchusPapyri421（2ndcent。）。——Frag。7。
3）\"PetriePapyri\"iii3。——Frag。14。
4）\"Papirigrecielatine\",No。130（2nd—3rdcent。）。——Frag。
14。
5）StrassburgPapyri,55（2ndcent。）。——Frag。58。
6）BerlinPapyri9739（2ndcent。）。——Frag。58。
7）BerlinPapyri10560（3rdcent。）。——Frag。58。
8）BerlinPapyri9777（4thcent。）。——Frag。98。
9）\"Papirigrecielatine\",No。131（2nd—3rdcent。）。——Frag。
99。
10）OxyrhynchusPapyri1358—9。
TheHomericHymns:——
ThetextoftheHomerichymnsisdistinctlybadincondition,afactwhichmaybeattributedtothegeneralneglectunderwhichtheyseemtohavelabouredatallperiodspreviouslytotheRevivalofLearning。VerymanydefectshavebeencorrectedbythevariouseditionsoftheHymns,butaconsiderablenumberstilldefyallefforts;andespeciallyanabnormalnumberofundoubtedlacunadisfigurethetext。UnfortunatelynopapyrusfragmentoftheHymnshasyetemerged,thoughonesuchfragment（\"Berl。Klassikertexte\"v。1。pp。7ff。）containsaparaphraseofapoemverycloselyparalleltothe\"HymntoDemeter\"。
ThemediaevalMSS。（2）arethusenumeratedbyDr。T。W。Allen:——
AParis,Bibl。Nat。2763。
AtAthos,Vatopedi587。
BParis,Bibl。Nat。2765。
CParis,Bibl。Nat。2833。
Brussels,Bibl。Royale11377—11380（16thcent。）。
DMilan,Amrbos。B98sup。
EModena,EstenseiiiE11。
GRome,Vatican,Regina91（16thcent。）。
HLondon,BritishMus。Harley1752。
JModena,Estense,iiB14。
KFlorence,Laur。31,32。
LFlorence,Laur。32,45。
L2Florence,Laur。70,35。
L3Florence,Laur。32,4。
MLeyden（theMoscowMS。）33H（14thcent。）。
Mon。Munich,RoyalLib。333c。
NLeyden,74c。
OMilan,Ambros。C10inf。
PRome,VaticanPal。graec。179。
Paris,Bibl。Nat。Suppl。graec。1095。
QMilan,Ambros。S31sup。
R1Florence,Bibl。Riccard。53Kii13。
R2Florence,Bibl。Riccard。52Kii14。
SRome,Vatican,Vaticanigraec。1880。
TMadrid,PublicLibrary24。
VVenice,Marc。456。
ThesamescholarhastracedalltheMSS。backtoacommonparentfromwhichthreemainfamiliesarederived（Mhadaseparatedescentandisnotincludedinanyfamily）:——
x1=E,T
x2=L,,（andmoreremotely）At,D,S,H,J,K。
y=E,L,,T（marginalreadings）。
p=A,B,C,,G,L2,L3,N,O,P,Q,R1,R2,V,Mon。
EditionsoftheHomericHymns,&c。:——
DemetriusChalcondyles,Florence,1488（withthe\"Epigrams\"andthe\"BattleoftheFrogsandMice\"inthe\"ed。pr。\"ofHomer）。
AldineEdition,Venice,1504。
JuntineEdition,1537。
Stephanus,Paris,1566and1588。
Moremoderneditionsorcriticalworksofvalueare:
Martin（VariarumLectionumlibb。iv）,Paris,1605。
Barnes,Cambridge,1711。
Ruhnken,Leyden,1782（Epist。Crit。and\"HymntoDemeter\"）。
Ilgen,Halle,1796（with\"Epigrams\"andthe\"BattleoftheFrogsandMice\"）。
Matthiae,Leipzig,1806（withthe\"BattleoftheFrogsandMice\"）。
Hermann,Berling,1806（with\"Epigrams\"）。
Franke,Leipzig,1828（with\"Epigrams\"andthe\"BattleoftheFrogsandMice\"）。
Dindorff（Didotedition）,Paris,1837。
Baumeister（\"BattleoftheFrogsandMice\"）,Gottingen,1852。
Baumeister（\"Hymns\"）,Leipzig,1860。
Gemoll,Leipzig,1886。
Goodwin,Oxford,1893。
Ludwich（\"BattleoftheFrogsandMice\"）,1896。
AllenandSikes,London,1904。
Allen（HomeriOperav）,Oxford,1912。
OftheseeditionsthatofMessrsAllenandSikesisbyfarthebest:notonlyisthetextpurgedoftheloadofconjecturesforwhichthefrequentobscuritiesoftheHymnsofferaspecialopening,buttheIntroductionandtheNotesthroughoutareofthehighestvalue。ForafulldiscussionoftheMSS。andtextualproblems,referencemustbemadetothisedition,asalsotoDr。
T。W。Allen\'sseriesofarticlesinthe\"JournalofHellenicStudies\"vols。xvff。AmongtranslationsthoseofJ。Edgar（Edinburgh）,1891）andofAndrewLang（London,1899）maybementioned。
TheEpicCycle:——
ThefragmentsoftheEpicCycle,beingdrawnfromavarietyofauthors,nolistofMSS。canbegiven。Thefollowingcollectionsandeditionsmaybementioned:——
Muller,Leipzig,1829。
Dindorff（DidoteditionofHomer）,Paris,1837—56。
Kinkel（EpicorumGraecorumFragmentai）,Leipzig,1877。
Allen（HomeriOperav）,Oxford,1912。
ThefullestdiscussionoftheproblemsandfragmentsoftheepiccycleisF。G。Welcker\'s\"derepischeCyclus\"（Bonn,vol。i,1835:
vol。ii,1849:vol。i,2ndedition,1865）。TheAppendixtoMonro\'s\"Homer\'sOdyssey\"xii—xxiv（pp。340ff。）dealswiththeCyclicpoetsinrelationtoHomer,andaclearandreasonablediscussionofthesubjectistobefoundinCroiset\'s\"Hist。delaLitteratureGrecque\",vol。i。
OnHesiod,theHesiodicpoemsandtheproblemswhichtheseofferseeRzach\'smostimportantarticle\"Hesiodos\"inPauly—Wissowa,\"Real—Encyclopadie\"xv（1912）。
AdiscussionoftheevidenceforthedateofHesiodistobefoundin\"Journ。Hell。Stud。\"xxxv,85ff。（T。W。Allen）。
OftranslationsofHesiodthefollowingmaybenoticed:——\"TheGeorgicksofHesiod\",byGeorgeChapman,London,1618;\"TheWorksofHesiodtranslatedfromtheGreek\",byThomasCoocke,London,1728;\"TheRemainsofHesiodtranslatedfromtheGreekintoEnglishVerse\",byCharlesAbrahamElton;\"TheWorksofHesiod,Callimachus,andTheognis\",bytheRev。J。Banks,M。A。;\"Hesiod\",byProf。JamesMair,Oxford,1908（3）。
ENDNOTES:
（1）SeeSchubert,\"Berl。Klassikertexte\"v。1。22ff。;theotherpapyrimaybefoundinthepublicationswhosenametheybear。
（2）Unlessotherwisenoted,allMSS。areofthe15thcentury。
（3）TothislistIwouldalsoaddthefollowing:\"HesiodandTheognis\",translatedbyDorotheaWender（PenguinClassics,London,1973）。——DBK。
THEWORKSOFHESIOD
WORKSANDDAYS（832lines）
（ll。1—10）MusesofPieriawhogiveglorythroughsong,comehither,tellofZeusyourfatherandchanthispraise。Throughhimmortalmenarefamedorun—famed,sungorunsungalike,asgreatZeuswills。Foreasilyhemakesstrong,andeasilyhebringsthestrongmanlow;easilyhehumblestheproudandraisestheobscure,andeasilyhestraightensthecrookedandblaststheproud,——Zeuswhothundersaloftandhashisdwellingmosthigh。
Attendthouwitheyeandear,andmakejudgementsstraightwithrighteousness。AndI,Perses,wouldtelloftruethings。
（ll。11—24）So,afterall,therewasnotonekindofStrifealone,butallovertheearththerearetwo。Asfortheone,amanwouldpraiseherwhenhecametounderstandher;buttheotherisblameworthy:andtheyarewhollydifferentinnature。
Foronefostersevilwarandbattle,beingcruel:hernomanloves;butperforce,throughthewillofthedeathlessgods,menpayharshStrifeherhonourdue。ButtheotheristheelderdaughterofdarkNight,andthesonofCronoswhositsaboveanddwellsintheaether,setherintherootsoftheearth:andsheisfarkindertomen。Shestirsupeventheshiftlesstotoil;
foramangrowseagertoworkwhenheconsidershisneighbour,arichmanwhohastenstoploughandplantandputhishouseingoodorder;andneighbourvieswithisneighbourashehurriesafterwealth。ThisStrifeiswholesomeformen。Andpotterisangrywithpotter,andcraftsmanwithcraftsman,andbeggarisjealousofbeggar,andminstrelofminstrel。
（ll。25—41）Perses,layupthesethingsinyourheart,anddonotletthatStrifewhodelightsinmischiefholdyourheartbackfromwork,whileyoupeepandpeerandlistentothewranglesofthecourt—house。Littleconcernhashewithquarrelsandcourtswhohasnotayear\'svictualslaidupbetimes,eventhatwhichtheearthbears,Demeter\'sgrain。Whenyouhavegotplentyofthat,youcanraisedisputesandstrivetogetanother\'sgoods。
Butyoushallhavenosecondchancetodealsoagain:nay,letussettleourdisputeherewithtruejudgementdividedourinheritance,butyouseizedthegreatershareandcarrieditoff,greatlyswellingthegloryofourbribe—swallowinglordswholovetojudgesuchacauseasthis。Fools！Theyknownothowmuchmorethehalfisthanthewhole,norwhatgreatadvantagethereisinmallowandasphodel（1）。
（ll。42—53）Forthegodskeephiddenfrommenthemeansoflife。
Elseyouwouldeasilydoworkenoughinadaytosupplyyouforafullyearevenwithoutworking;soonwouldyouputawayyourrudderoverthesmoke,andthefieldsworkedbyoxandsturdymulewouldruntowaste。ButZeusintheangerofhishearthidit,becausePrometheusthecraftydeceivedhim;thereforeheplannedsorrowandmischiefagainstmen。Hehidfire;butthatthenoblesonofIapetusstoleagainformenfromZeusthecounsellorinahollowfennel—stalk,sothatZeuswhodelightsinthunderdidnotseeit。ButafterwardsZeuswhogathersthecloudssaidtohiminanger:
（ll。54—59）`SonofIapetus,surpassingallincunning,youaregladthatyouhaveoutwittedmeandstolenfire——agreatplaguetoyouyourselfandtomenthatshallbe。ButIwillgivemenasthepriceforfireanevilthinginwhichtheymayallbegladofheartwhiletheyembracetheirowndestruction。\'
（ll。60—68）Sosaidthefatherofmenandgods,andlaughedaloud。AndhebadefamousHephaestusmakehasteandmixearthwithwaterandtoputinitthevoiceandstrengthofhumankind,andfashionasweet,lovelymaiden—shape,liketotheimmortalgoddessesinface;andAthenetoteachherneedleworkandtheweavingofthevariedweb;andgoldenAphroditetoshedgraceuponherheadandcruellongingandcaresthatwearythelimbs。
AndhechargedHermestheguide,theSlayerofArgus,toputinherashamelessmindandadeceitfulnature。
（ll。69—82）Soheordered。AndtheyobeyedthelordZeusthesonofCronos。ForthwiththefamousLameGodmouldedclayinthelikenessofamodestmaid,asthesonofCronospurposed。Andthegoddessbright—eyedAthenegirdedandclothedher,andthedivineGracesandqueenlyPersuasionputnecklacesofgolduponher,andtherich—hairedHourscrownedherheadwithspringflowers。AndPallasAthenebedeckedherformwithallmannersoffinery。AlsotheGuide,theSlayerofArgus,contrivedwithinherliesandcraftywordsandadeceitfulnatureatthewillofloudthunderingZeus,andtheHeraldofthegodsputspeechinher。AndhecalledthiswomanPandora（2）,becausealltheywhodweltonOlympusgaveeachagift,aplaguetomenwhoeatbread。
（ll。83—89）Butwhenhehadfinishedthesheer,hopelesssnare,theFathersentgloriousArgus—Slayer,theswiftmessengerofthegods,totakeittoEpimetheusasagift。AndEpimetheusdidnotthinkonwhatPrometheushadsaidtohim,biddinghimnevertakeagiftofOlympianZeus,buttosenditbackforfearitmightprovetobesomethingharmfultomen。Buthetookthegift,andafterwards,whentheevilthingwasalreadyhis,heunderstood。
（ll。90—105）ForerethisthetribesofmenlivedonearthremoteandfreefromillsandhardtoilandheavysicknesswhichbringtheFatesuponmen;forinmiserymengrowoldquickly。Butthewomantookoffthegreatlidofthejar（3）withherhandsandscatteredalltheseandherthoughtcausedsorrowandmischieftomen。OnlyHoperemainedthereinanunbreakablehomewithinundertherimofthegreatjar,anddidnotflyoutatthedoor;
forerethat,thelidofthejarstoppedher,bythewillofAegis—holdingZeuswhogatherstheclouds。Buttherest,countlessplagues,wanderamongstmen;forearthisfullofevilsandtheseaisfull。Ofthemselvesdiseasescomeuponmencontinuallybydayandbynight,bringingmischieftomortalssilently;forwiseZeustookawayspeechfromthem。SoistherenowaytoescapethewillofZeus。
（ll。106—108）Orifyouwill,Iwillsumyouupanothertalewellandskilfully——anddoyoulayitupinyourheart,——howthegodsandmortalmensprangfromonesource。
（ll。109—120）FirstofallthedeathlessgodswhodwellonOlympusmadeagoldenraceofmortalmenwholivedinthetimeofCronoswhenhewasreigninginheaven。Andtheylivedlikegodswithoutsorrowofheart,remoteandfreefromtoilandgrief:
miserableagerestednotonthem;butwithlegsandarmsneverfailingtheymademerrywithfeastingbeyondthereachofallevils。Whentheydied,itwasasthoughtheywereovercomewithsleep,andtheyhadallgoodthings;forthefruitfulearthunforcedbarethemfruitabundantlyandwithoutstint。Theydweltineaseandpeaceupontheirlandswithmanygoodthings,richinflocksandlovedbytheblessedgods。
（ll。121—139）Butafterearthhadcoveredthisgeneration——theyarecalledpurespiritsdwellingontheearth,andarekindly,deliveringfromharm,andguardiansofmortalmen;fortheyroameverywhereovertheearth,clothedinmistandkeepwatchonjudgementsandcrueldeeds,giversofwealth;forthisroyalrightalsotheyreceived;——thentheywhodwellonOlympusmadeasecondgenerationwhichwasofsilverandlessnoblebyfar。
Itwaslikethegoldenraceneitherinbodynorinspirit。A
childwasbroughtupathisgoodmother\'ssideanhundredyears,anuttersimpleton,playingchildishlyinhisownhome。Butwhentheywerefullgrownandwerecometothefullmeasureoftheirprime,theylivedonlyalittletimeinsorrowbecauseoftheirfoolishness,fortheycouldnotkeepfromsinningandfromwrongingoneanother,norwouldtheyservetheimmortals,norsacrificeontheholyaltarsoftheblessedonesasitisrightformentodowherevertheydwell。ThenZeusthesonofCronoswasangryandputthemaway,becausetheywouldnotgivehonourtotheblessedgodswholiveonOlympus。
（ll。140—155）Butwhenearthhadcoveredthisgenerationalso——
theyarecalledblessedspiritsoftheunderworldbymen,and,thoughtheyareofsecondorder,yethonourattendsthemalso——
ZeustheFathermadeathirdgenerationofmortalmen,abrazenrace,sprungfromash—trees（4）;anditwasinnowayequaltothesilverage,butwasterribleandstrong。TheylovedthelamentableworksofAresanddeedsofviolence;theyatenobread,butwerehardofheartlikeadamant,fearfulmen。Greatwastheirstrengthandunconquerablethearmswhichgrewfromtheirshouldersontheirstronglimbs。Theirarmourwasofbronze,andtheirhousesofbronze,andofbronzeweretheirimplements:therewasnoblackiron。TheseweredestroyedbytheirownhandsandpassedtothedankhouseofchillHades,andleftnoname:terriblethoughtheywere,blackDeathseizedthem,andtheyleftthebrightlightofthesun。
（ll。156—169b）Butwhenearthhadcoveredthisgenerationalso,ZeusthesonofCronosmadeyetanother,thefourth,uponthefruitfulearth,whichwasnoblerandmorerighteous,agod—likeraceofhero—menwhoarecalleddemi—gods,theracebeforeourown,throughouttheboundlessearth。Grimwaranddreadbattledestroyedapartofthem,someinthelandofCadmusatseven—
gatedThebewhentheyfoughtfortheflocksofOedipus,andsome,whenithadbroughttheminshipsoverthegreatseagulftoTroyforrich—hairedHelen\'ssake:theredeath\'sendenshroudedapartofthem。ButtotheothersfatherZeusthesonofCronosgavealivingandanabodeapartfrommen,andmadethemdwellattheendsofearth。AndtheyliveuntouchedbysorrowintheislandsoftheblessedalongtheshoreofdeepswirlingOcean,happyheroesforwhomthegrain—givingearthbearshoney—sweetfruitflourishingthriceayear,farfromthedeathlessgods,andCronosrulesoverthem（5）;forthefatherofmenandgodsreleasedhimfromhisbonds。Andtheselastequallyhavehonourandglory。
（ll。169c—169d）Andagainfar—seeingZeusmadeyetanothergeneration,thefifth,ofmenwhoareuponthebounteousearth。
（ll。170—201）Thereafter,wouldthatIwerenotamongthemenofthefifthgeneration,buteitherhaddiedbeforeorbeenbornafterwards。Fornowtrulyisaraceofiron,andmenneverrestfromlabourandsorrowbyday,andfromperishingbynight;andthegodsshalllaysoretroubleuponthem。But,notwithstanding,eventheseshallhavesomegoodmingledwiththeirevils。AndZeuswilldestroythisraceofmortalmenalsowhentheycometohavegreyhaironthetemplesattheirbirth（6）。Thefatherwillnotagreewithhischildren,northechildrenwiththeirfather,norguestwithhishost,norcomradewithcomrade;norwillbrotherbedeartobrotherasaforetime。Menwilldishonourtheirparentsastheygrowquicklyold,andwillcarpatthem,chidingthemwithbitterwords,hard—heartedthey,notknowingthefearofthegods。Theywillnotrepaytheiragedparentsthecosttheirnurture,formightshallbetheirright:andonemanwillsackanother\'scity。Therewillbenofavourforthemanwhokeepshisoathorforthejustorforthegood;butrathermenwillpraisetheevil—doerandhisviolentdealing。Strengthwillberightandreverencewillceasetobe;andthewickedwillhurttheworthyman,speakingfalsewordsagainsthim,andwillswearanoathuponthem。Envy,foul—mouthed,delightinginevil,withscowlingface,willgoalongwithwretchedmenoneandall。
AndthenAidosandNemesis（7）,withtheirsweetformswrappedinwhiterobes,willgofromthewide—pathedearthandforsakemankindtojointhecompanyofthedeathlessgods:andbittersorrowswillbeleftformortalmen,andtherewillbenohelpagainstevil。
（ll。202—211）AndnowIwilltellafableforprinceswhothemselvesunderstand。Thussaidthehawktothenightingalewithspeckledneck,whilehecarriedherhighupamongtheclouds,grippedfastinhistalons,andshe,piercedbyhiscrookedtalons,criedpitifully。Toherhespokedisdainfully:
`Miserablething,whydoyoucryout？Onefarstrongerthanyounowholdsyoufast,andyoumustgowhereverItakeyou,songstressasyouare。AndifIpleaseIwillmakemymealofyou,orletyougo。Heisafoolwhotriestowithstandthestronger,forhedoesnotgetthemasteryandsufferspainbesideshisshame。\'Sosaidtheswiftlyflyinghawk,thelong—
wingedbird。
（ll。212—224）Butyou,Perses,listentorightanddonotfosterviolence;forviolenceisbadforapoorman。Eventheprosperouscannoteasilybearitsburden,butisweigheddownunderitwhenhehasfallenintodelusion。Thebetterpathistogobyontheothersidetowardsjustice;forJusticebeatsOutragewhenshecomesatlengthtotheendoftherace。Butonlywhenhehassuffereddoesthefoollearnthis。ForOathkeepspacewithwrongjudgements。ThereisanoisewhenJusticeisbeingdraggedinthewaywherethosewhodevourbribesandgivesentencewithcrookedjudgements,takeher。Andshe,wrappedinmist,followstothecityandhauntsofthepeople,weeping,andbringingmischieftomen,eventosuchashavedrivenherforthinthattheydidnotdealstraightlywithher。
（ll。225—237）Buttheywhogivestraightjudgementstostrangersandtothemenoftheland,andgonotasidefromwhatisjust,theircityflourishes,andthepeopleprosperinit:Peace,thenurseofchildren,isabroadintheirland,andall—seeingZeusneverdecreescruelwaragainstthem。Neitherfaminenordisastereverhauntmenwhodotruejustice;butlight—heartedlytheytendthefieldswhicharealltheircare。Theearthbearsthemvictualinplenty,andonthemountainstheoakbearsacornsuponthetopandbeesinthemidst。Theirwoollysheepareladenwithfleeces;theirwomenbearchildrenliketheirparents。Theyflourishcontinuallywithgoodthings,anddonottravelonships,forthegrain—givingearthbearsthemfruit。
（ll。238—247）Butforthosewhopractiseviolenceandcrueldeedsfar—seeingZeus,thesonofCronos,ordainsapunishment。Oftenevenawholecitysuffersforabadmanwhosinsanddevisespresumptuousdeeds,andthesonofCronoslaysgreattroubleuponthepeople,famineandplaguetogether,sothatthemenperishaway,andtheirwomendonotbearchildren,andtheirhousesbecomefew,throughthecontrivingofOlympianZeus。Andagain,atanothertime,thesonofCronoseitherdestroystheirwidearmy,ortheirwalls,orelsemakesanendoftheirshipsonthesea。
（ll。248—264）Youprinces,markwellthispunishmentyoualso;
forthedeathlessgodsarenearamongmenandmarkallthosewhooppresstheirfellowswithcrookedjudgements,andrecknottheangerofthegods。ForuponthebounteousearthZeushasthricetenthousandspirits,watchersofmortalmen,andthesekeepwatchonjudgementsanddeedsofwrongastheyroam,clothedinmist,allovertheearth。AndthereisvirginJustice,thedaughterofZeus,whoishonouredandreverencedamongthegodswhodwellonOlympus,andwheneveranyonehurtsherwithlyingslander,shesitsbesideherfather,ZeusthesonofCronos,andtellshimofmen\'swickedheart,untilthepeoplepayforthemadfollyoftheirprinceswho,evillyminded,pervertjudgementandgivesentencecrookedly。Keepwatchagainstthis,youprinces,andmakestraightyourjudgements,youwhodevourbribes;putcrookedjudgementsaltogetherfromyourthoughts。
（ll。265—266）Hedoesmischieftohimselfwhodoesmischieftoanother,andevilplannedharmstheplottermost。
（ll。267—273）TheeyeofZeus,seeingallandunderstandingall,beholdsthesethingstoo,ifsohewill,andfailsnottomarkwhatsortofjusticeisthisthatthecitykeepswithinit。Now,therefore,mayneitherImyselfberighteousamongmen,normyson——forthenitisabadthingtoberighteous——ifindeedtheunrighteousshallhavethegreaterright。ButIthinkthatall—wiseZeuswillnotyetbringthattopass。
（ll。274—285）Butyou,Perses,layupthesethingswithinyouheartandlistennowtoright,ceasingaltogethertothinkofviolence。ForthesonofCronoshasordainedthislawformen,thatfishesandbeastsandwingedfowlsshoulddevouroneanother,forrightisnotinthem;buttomankindhegaverightwhichprovesfarthebest。Forwhoeverknowstherightandisreadytospeakit,far—seeingZeusgiveshimprosperity;butwhoeverdeliberatelyliesinhiswitnessandforswearshimself,andsohurtsJusticeandsinsbeyondrepair,thatman\'sgenerationisleftobscurethereafter。Butthegenerationofthemanwhoswearstrulyisbetterthenceforward。
（ll。286—292）Toyou,foolishPerses,Iwillspeakgoodsense。
Badnesscanbegoteasilyandinshoals:theroadtoherissmooth,andshelivesverynearus。ButbetweenusandGoodnessthegodshaveplacedthesweatofourbrows:longandsteepisthepaththatleadstoher,anditisroughatthefirst;butwhenamanhasreachedthetop,thenissheeasytoreach,thoughbeforethatshewashard。
（ll。293—319）Thatmanisaltogetherbestwhoconsidersallthingshimselfandmarkswhatwillbebetterafterwardsandattheend;andhe,again,isgoodwholistenstoagoodadviser;
butwhoeverneitherthinksforhimselfnorkeepsinmindwhatanothertellshim,heisanunprofitableman。Butdoyouatanyrate,alwaysrememberingmycharge,work,high—bornPerses,thatHungermayhateyou,andvenerableDemeterrichlycrownedmayloveyouandfillyourbarnwithfood;forHungerisaltogetherameetcomradeforthesluggard。Bothgodsandmenareangrywithamanwholivesidle,forinnatureheislikethestinglessdroneswhowastethelabourofthebees,eatingwithoutworking;
butletitbeyourcaretoorderyourworkproperly,thatintherightseasonyourbarnsmaybefullofvictual。Throughworkmengrowrichinflocksandsubstance,andworkingtheyaremuchbetterlovedbytheimmortals（8）。Workisnodisgrace:itisidlenesswhichisadisgrace。Butifyouwork,theidlewillsoonenvyyouasyougrowrich,forfameandrenownattendonwealth。Andwhateverbeyourlot,workisbestforyou,ifyouturnyourmisguidedmindawayfromothermen\'spropertytoyourworkandattendtoyourlivelihoodasIbidyou。Anevilshameistheneedyman\'scompanion,shamewhichbothgreatlyharmsandprospersmen:shameiswithpoverty,butconfidencewithwealth。
（ll。320—341）Wealthshouldnotbeseized:god—givenwealthismuchbetter;foritamantakegreatwealthviolentlyandperforce,orifhestealitthroughhistongue,asoftenhappenswhengaindeceivesmen\'ssenseanddishonourtramplesdownhonour,thegodssoonblothimoutandmakethatman\'shouselow,andwealthattendshimonlyforalittletime。Alikewithhimwhodoeswrongtoasuppliantoraguest,orwhogoesuptohisbrother\'sbedandcommitsunnaturalsininlyingwithhiswife,orwhoinfatuatelyoffendsagainstfatherlesschildren,orwhoabuseshisoldfatheratthecheerlessthresholdofoldageandattackshimwithharshwords,trulyZeushimselfisangry,andatthelastlaysonhimaheavyrequittalforhisevildoing。Butdoyouturnyourfoolishheartaltogetherawayfromthesethings,and,asfarasyouareable,sacrificetothedeathlessgodspurelyandcleanly,andburnrichmeatsalso,andatothertimespropitiatethemwithlibationsandincense,bothwhenyougotobedandwhentheholylighthascomeback,thattheymaybegracioustoyouinheartandspirit,andsoyoumaybuyanother\'sholdingandnotanotheryours。
（ll。342—351）Callyourfriendtoafeast;butleaveyourenemyalone;andespeciallycallhimwholivesnearyou:forifanymischiefhappenintheplace,neighbourscomeungirt,butkinsmenstaytogirdthemselves（9）。Abadneighbourisasgreataplagueasagoodoneisagreatblessing;hewhoenjoysagoodneighbourhasapreciouspossession。Notevenanoxwoulddiebutforabadneighbour。Takefairmeasurefromyourneighbourandpayhimbackfairlywiththesamemeasure,orbetter,ifyoucan;sothatifyouareinneedafterwards,youmayfindhimsure。
（ll。352—369）Donotgetbasegain:basegainisasbadasruin。
Befriendswiththefriendly,andvisithimwhovisitsyou。Givetoonewhogives,butdonotgivetoonewhodoesnotgive。A
mangivestothefree—handed,butnoonegivestotheclose—
fisted。Giveisagoodgirl,butTakeisbadandshebringsdeath。Forthemanwhogiveswillingly,eventhoughhegivesagreatthing,rejoicesinhisgiftandisgladinheart;butwhoevergiveswaytoshamelessnessandtakessomethinghimself,eventhoughitbeasmallthing,itfreezeshisheart。Hewhoaddstowhathehas,willkeepoffbright—eyedhunger;forityouaddonlyalittletoalittleanddothisoften,soonthatlittlewillbecomegreat。Whatamanhasbyhimathomedoesnottroublehim:itisbettertohaveyourstuffathome,forwhateverisabroadmaymeanloss。Itisagoodthingtodrawonwhatyouhave;butitgrievesyourhearttoneedsomethingandnottohaveit,andIbidyoumarkthis。Takeyourfillwhenthecaskisfirstopenedandwhenitisnearlyspent,butmidwaysbesparing:itispoorsavingwhenyoucometothelees。
（ll。370—372）Letthewagepromisedtoafriendbefixed;evenwithyourbrothersmile——andgetawitness;fortrustandmistrust,alikeruinmen。
（ll。373—375）Donotletaflauntingwomancoaxandcozenanddeceiveyou:sheisafteryourbarn。Themanwhotrustswomankindtrustdeceivers。
（ll。376—380）Thereshouldbeanonlyson,tofeedhisfather\'shouse,forsowealthwillincreaseinthehome;butifyouleaveasecondsonyoushoulddieold。YetZeuscaneasilygivegreatwealthtoagreaternumber。Morehandsmeanmoreworkandmoreincrease。
（ll。381—382）Ifyourheartwithinyoudesireswealth,dothesethingsandworkwithworkuponwork。