第13章
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  Andtheonehasbeenprovedbothtobeandnottobe?

  Yes。

  Andthereforeisandisnotinthesamestate?

  Yes。

  Thustheonethatisnothasbeenshowntohavemotionalso,becauseitchangesfrombeingtonot—being?

  Thatappearstobetrue。

  Butsurelyifitisnowhereamongwhatis,asisthefact,sinceitisnot,itcannotchangefromoneplacetoanother?

  Impossible。

  Thenitcannotmovebychangingplace?

  No。

  Norcanitturnonthesamespot,foritnowheretouchesthesame,forthesameis,andthatwhichisnotcannotbereckonedamongthingsthatare?

  Itcannot。

  Thentheone,ifitisnot,cannotturninthatinwhichitisnot?

  No。

  Neithercantheone,whetheritisorisnot,bealteredintootherthanitself,forifitalteredandbecamedifferentfromitself,thenwecouldnotbestillspeakingoftheone,butofsomethingelse?

  True。

  Butiftheoneneithersuffersalteration,norturnsroundinthesameplace,norchangesplace,canitstillbecapableofmotion?

  Impossible。

  Nowthatwhichisunmovedmustsurelybeatrest,andthatwhichisatrestmuststandstill?

  Certainly。

  Thentheonethatisnot,standsstill,andisalsoinmotion?

  Thatseemstobetrue。

  Butifitbeinmotionitmustnecessarilyundergoalteration,foranythingwhichismoved,insofarasitismoved,isnolongerinthesamestate,butinanother?

  Yes。

  Thentheone,beingmoved,isaltered?

  Yes。

  And,further,ifnotmovedinanyway,itwillnotbealteredinanyway?

  No。

  Then,insofarastheonethatisnotismoved,itisaltered,butinsofarasitisnotmoved,itisnotaltered?

  Right。

  Thentheonethatisnotisalteredandisnotaltered?

  Thatisclear。

  Andmustnotthatwhichisalteredbecomeotherthanitpreviouslywas,andloseitsformerstateandbedestroyed;butthatwhichisnotalteredcanneithercomeintobeingnorbedestroyed?

  Verytrue。

  Andtheonethatisnot,beingaltered,becomesandisdestroyed;

  andnotbeingaltered,neitherbecomesnorisdestroyed;andsotheonethatisnotbecomesandisdestroyed,andneitherbecomesnorisdestroyed?

  True。

  Andnow,letusgobackoncemoretothebeginning,andseewhethertheseorsomeotherconsequenceswillfollow。

  Letusdoasyousay。

  Ifoneisnot,weaskwhatwillhappeninrespectofone?Thatisthequestion。

  Yes。

  Donotthewords\"isnot\"signifyabsenceofbeinginthattowhichweapplythem?

  Justso。

  Andwhenwesaythatathingisnot,dowemeanthatitisnotinonewaybutisinanother?ordowemean,absolutely,thatwhatisnothasinnosortorwayorkindparticipationofbeing?

  Quiteabsolutely。

  Then,thatwhichisnotcannotbe,orinanywayparticipateinbeing?

  Itcannot。

  Anddidwenotmeanbybecoming,andbeingdestroyed,theassumptionofbeingandthelossofbeing?

  Nothingelse。

  Andcanthatwhichhasnoparticipationinbeing,eitherassumeorlosebeing?

  Impossible。

  Theonethen,sinceitinnowayis,cannothaveorloseorassumebeinginanyway?

  True。

  Thentheonethatisnot,sinceitinnowaypartakesofbeing,neithernorbecomes?

  No。

  Thenitisnotalteredatall;forifitwereitwouldbecomeandbedestroyed?

  True。

  Butifitbenotaltereditcannotbemoved?

  Certainlynot。

  Norcanwesaythatitstands,ifitisnowhere;forthatwhichstandsmustalwaysbeinoneandthesamespot?

  Ofcourse。

  Thenwemustsaythattheonewhichisnotneverstandsstillandnevermoves?

  Neither。

  Noristhereanyexistingthingwhichcanbeattributedtoit;foriftherehadbeen,itwouldpartakeofbeing?

  Thatisclear。

  Andthereforeneithersmallness,norgreatness,norequality,canbeattributedtoit?

  No。

  Noryetlikenessnordifference,eitherinrelationtoitselfortoothers?

  Clearlynot。

  Well,andifnothingshouldbeattributedtoit,canotherthingsbeattributedtoit?

  Certainlynot。

  Andthereforeotherthingscanneitherbelikeorunlike,thesame,ordifferentinrelationtoit?

  Theycannot。

  Norcanwhatisnot,beanything,orbethisthing,orberelatedtoortheattributeofthisorthatorother,orbepast,present,orfuture。Norcanknowledge,oropinion,orperception,orexpression,orname,oranyotherthingthatis,haveanyconcernwithit?

  No。

  Thentheonethatisnothasnoconditionofanykind?

  Suchappearstobetheconclusion。

  Yetoncemore;ifoneisnot,whatbecomesoftheothers?Letusdeterminethat。

  Yes;letusdeterminethat。

  Theothersmustsurelybe;forifthey,liketheone,werenot,wecouldnotbenowspeakingofthem。

  True。

  Buttospeakoftheothersimpliesdifference—theterms\"other\"

  and\"different\"aresynonymous?

  True。

  Othermeansotherthanother,anddifferent,differentfromthedifferent?

  Yes。

  Then,iftherearetobeothers,thereissomethingthanwhichtheywillbeother?

  Certainly。

  Andwhatcanthatbe?—foriftheoneisnot,theywillnotbeotherthantheone。

  Theywillnot。

  Thentheywillbeotherthaneachother;fortheonlyremainingalternativeisthattheyareotherthannothing。

  True。

  Andtheyareeachotherthanoneanother,asbeingpluralandnotsingular;forifoneisnot,theycannotbesingularbuteveryparticleofthemisinfiniteinnumber;andevenifapersontakesthatwhichappearstobethesmallestfraction,this,whichseemedone,inamomentevanescesintomany,asinadream,andfrombeingthesmallestbecomesverygreat,incomparisonwiththefractionsintowhichitissplitup?

  Verytrue。

  Andinsuchparticlestheotherswillbeotherthanoneanother,ifothersare,andtheoneisnot?

  Exactly。

  Andwilltherenotbemanyparticles,eachappearingtobeone,butnotbeingone,ifoneisnot?

  True。

  Anditwouldseemthatnumbercanbepredicatedofthemifeachofthemappearstobeone,thoughitisreallymany?

  Itcan。

  Andtherewillseemtobeoddandevenamongthem,whichwillalsohavenoreality,ifoneisnot?

  Yes。

  Andtherewillappeartobealeastamongthem;andeventhiswillseemlargeandmanifoldincomparisonwiththemanysmallfractionswhicharecontainedinit?

  Certainly。

  Andeachparticlewillbeimaginedtobeequaltothemanyandlittle;foritcouldnothaveappearedtopassfromthegreatertothelesswithouthavingappearedtoarriveatthemiddle;andthuswouldarisetheappearanceofequality。

  Yes。

  Andhavingneitherbeginning,middle,norend,eachseparateparticleyetappearstohavealimitinrelationtoitselfandother。

  Howso?

  Because,whenapersonconceivesofanyoneoftheseassuch,priortothebeginninganotherbeginningappears,andthereisanotherend,remainingaftertheend,andinthemiddletruermiddleswithinbutsmaller,becausenounitycanbeconceivedofanyofthem,sincetheoneisnot。

  Verytrue。

  Andsoallbeing,whateverwethinkof,mustbebrokenupintofractions,foraparticlewillhavetobeconceivedofwithoutunity?

  Certainly。

  Andsuchbeingwhenseenindistinctlyandatadistance,appearstobeone;butwhenseennearandwithkeenintellect,everysinglethingappearstobeinfinite,sinceitisdeprivedoftheone,whichisnot?

  Nothingmorecertain。

  Theneachoftheothersmustappeartobeinfiniteandfinite,andoneandmany,ifothersthantheoneexistandnottheone。

  Theymust。

  Thenwilltheynotappeartobelikeandunlike?

  Inwhatway?

  Justasinapicturethingsappeartobeallonetoapersonstandingatadistance,andtobeinthesamestateandalike?

  True。

  Butwhenyouapproachthem,theyappeartobemanyanddifferent;

  andbecauseoftheappearanceofthedifference,differentinkindfrom,andunlike,themselves?

  True。

  Andsomusttheparticlesappeartobelikeandunlikethemselvesandeachother。

  Certainly。

  Andmusttheynotbethesameandyetdifferentfromoneanother,andincontactwiththemselves,althoughtheyareseparated,andhavingeverysortofmotion,andeverysortofrest,andbecomingandbeingdestroyed,andinneitherstate,andthelike,allwhichthingsmaybeeasilyenumerated,iftheoneisnotandthemanyare?

  Mosttrue。

  Oncemore,letusgobacktothebeginning,andaskiftheoneisnot,andtheothersoftheoneare,whatwillfollow。

  Letusaskthatquestion。

  Inthefirstplace,theotherswillnotbeone?

  Impossible。

  Norwilltheybemany;foriftheyweremanyonewouldbecontainedinthem。Butifnooneofthemisone,allofthemarenought,andthereforetheywillnotbemany。

  True。

  Iftherebenooneintheothers,theothersareneithermanynorone。

  Theyarenot。

  Nordotheyappeareitherasoneormany。

  Whynot?

  Becausetheothershavenosortormannerorwayofcommunionwithanysortofnot—being,norcananythingwhichisnot,beconnectedwithanyoftheothers;forthatwhichisnothasnoparts。

  True。

  Noristhereanopinionoranyappearanceofnot—beinginconnectionwiththeothers,norisnot—beingeverinanywayattributedtotheothers。

  No。

  Thenifoneisnot,theothersneitherare,noranyoftheotherseitherasoneormany;foryoucannotconceivethemanywithouttheone。

  Youcannot。

  Thenifoneisnot,thereisnoconceptionofcanbeconceivedtobeeitheroneormany?

  Itwouldseemnot。

  Noraslikeorunlike?

  No。

  Norasthesameordifferent,norincontactorseparation,norinanyofthosestateswhichweenumeratedasappearingtobe;—theothersneitherarenorappeartobeanyofthese,ifoneisnot?

  True。

  Thenmaywenotsumuptheargumentinawordandsaytruly:Ifoneisnot,thennothingis?

  Certainly。

  Letthusmuchbesaid;andfurtherletusaffirmwhatseemstobethetruth,that,whetheroneisorisnot,oneandtheothersinrelationtothemselvesandoneanother,allofthem,ineveryway,areandarenot,andappeartobeandappearnottobe。

  Mosttrue。

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