第11章
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  True。

  Andistherenotalsoatimeatwhichitassumesbeingandrelinquishesbeing—forhowcanithaveandnothavethesamethingunlessitreceivesandalsogivesitupat;sometime?

  Impossible。

  Andtheassumingofbeingiswhatyouwouldcallbecoming?

  Ishould。

  Andtherelinquishingofbeingyouwouldcalldestruction?

  Ishould。

  Theonethen,aswouldappear,becomesandisdestroyedbytakingandgivingupbeing。

  Certainly。

  Andbeingoneandmanyandinprocessofbecomingandbeingdestroyed,whenitbecomesoneitceasestobemany,andwhenmany,itceasestobeone?

  Certainly。

  Andasitbecomesoneandmany,mustitnotinevitablyexperienceseparationandaggregation?

  Inevitably。

  Andwheneveritbecomeslikeandunlikeitmustbeassimilatedanddissimilated?

  Yes。

  Andwhenitbecomesgreaterorlessorequalitmustgrowordiminishorbeequalized?

  True。

  Andwhenbeinginmotionitrests,andwhenbeingatrestitchangestomotion,itcansurelybeinnotimeatall?

  Howcanit?

  Butthatathingwhichispreviouslyatrestshouldbeafterwardsinmotion,orpreviouslyinmotionandafterwardsatrest,withoutexperiencingchange,isimpossible。

  Impossible。

  Andsurelytherecannotbeatimeinwhichathingcanbeatonceneitherinmotionnoratrest?

  Therecannot。

  Butneithercanitchangewithoutchanging。

  True。

  Whenthendoesitchange;foritcannotchangeeitherwhenatrest,orwheninmotion,orwhenintime?

  Itcannot。

  Anddoesthisstrangethinginwhichitisatthetimeofchangingreallyexist?

  Whatthing?

  Themoment。Forthemomentseemstoimplyasomethingoutofwhichchangetakesplaceintoeitheroftwostates;forthechangeisnotfromthestateofrestassuch,nor,fromthestateofmotionassuch;

  butthereisthiscuriousnature,whichwecallthemomentlyingbetweenrestandmotion,notbeinginanytime;andintothisandoutofthiswhatisinmotionchangesintorest,andwhatisatrestintomotion。

  Soitappears。

  Andtheonethen,sinceitisatrestandalsoinmotion,willchangetoeither,foronlyinthiswaycanitbeinboth。Andinchangingitchangesinamoment,andwhenitischangingitwillbeinnotime,andwillnotthenbeeitherinmotionoratrest。

  Itwillnot。

  Anditwillbeinthesamecaseinrelationtotheotherchanges,whenitpassesfrombeingintocessationofbeing,orfromnot—beingintobecoming—thenitpassesbetweencertainstatesofmotionandrest,and,neitherisnorisnot,norbecomesnorisdestroyed。

  Verytrue。

  Andonthesameprinciple,inthepassagefromonetomanyandfrommanytoone,theoneisneitheronenormany,neitherseparatednoraggregated;andinthepassagefromliketounlike,andfromunliketolike,itisneitherlikenorunlike,neitherinastateofassimilationnorofdissimilation;andinthepassagefromsmalltogreatandequalandbackagain,itwillbeneithersmallnorgreat,norequal,norinastateofincrease,ordiminution,orequalization。

  True。

  Allthese,then,aretheaffectionsoftheone,iftheonehasbeing。

  Ofcourse。

  Butifoneis,whatwillhappentotheothers—isnotthatalsotobeconsidered?

  Yes。

  Letusshowthen,ifoneis,whatwillbetheaffectionsoftheothersthantheone。

  Letusdoso。

  Inasmuchastherearethingsotherthantheone,theothersarenottheone;foriftheyweretheycouldnotbeotherthantheone。

  Verytrue。

  Verytrue。

  Noraretheothersaltogetherwithouttheone,butinacertainwaytheyparticipateintheone。

  Inwhatway?

  Becausetheothersareotherthantheoneinasmuchastheyhaveparts;foriftheyhadnopartstheywouldbesimplyone。

  Right。

  Andparts,asweaffirm,haverelationtoawhole?

  Sowesay。

  Andawholemustnecessarilybeonemadeupofmany;andthepartswillbepartsoftheone,foreachofthepartsisnotapartofmany,butofawhole。

  Howdoyoumean?

  Ifanythingwereapartofmany,beingitselfoneofthem,itwillsurelybeapartofitself,whichisimpossible,anditwillbeapartofeachoneoftheotherparts,ifofall;forifnotapartofsomeone,itwillbeapartofalltheothersbutthisone,andthuswillnotbeapartofeachone;andifnotapartofeach,oneitwillnotbeapartofanyoneofthemany;andnotbeingapartofanyone,itcannotbeapartoranythingelseofallthosethingsofnoneofwhichitisanything。

  Clearlynot。

  Thenthepartisnotapartofthemany,norofall,butisofacertainsingleform,whichwecallawhole,beingoneperfectunityframedoutofall—ofthisthepartwillbeapart。

  Certainly。

  If,then,theothershaveparts,theywillparticipateinthewholeandintheone。

  True。

  Thentheothersthantheonemustbeoneperfectwhole,havingparts。

  Certainly。

  Andthesameargumentholdsofeachpart,forthepartmustparticipateintheone;forifeachofthepartsisapart,thismeans,Isuppose,thatitisoneseparatefromtherestandself—related;otherwiseitisnoteach。

  True。

  Butwhenwespeakofthepartparticipatingintheone,itmustclearlybeotherthanone;forifnot,itwouldmerelyhaveparticipated,butwouldhavebeenone;whereasonlytheitselfcanbeone。

  Verytrue。

  Boththewholeandthepartmustparticipateintheone;forthewholewillbeonewhole,ofwhichthepartswillbeparts;andeachpartwillbeonepartofthewholewhichisthewholeofthepart。

  True。

  Andwillnotthethingswhichparticipateintheone,beotherthanit?

  Ofcourse。

  Andthethingswhichareotherthantheonewillbemany;forifthethingswhichareotherthantheonewereneitheronenormorethanone,theywouldbenothing。

  True。

  But,seeingthatthethingswhichparticipateintheoneasapart,andintheoneasawhole,aremorethanone,mustnotthoseverythingswhichparticipateintheonebeinfiniteinnumber?

  Howso?

  Letuslookatthematterthus:—Isitnotafactthatinpartakingoftheonetheyarenotone,anddonotpartakeoftheoneattheverytime。whentheyarepartakingofit?

  Clearly。

  Theydosothenasmultitudesinwhichtheoneisnotpresent?

  Verytrue。

  Andifweweretoabstractfromtheminideatheverysmallestfraction,mustnotthatleastfraction,ifitdoesnotpartakeoftheone,beamultitudeandnotone?

  Itmust。

  Andifwecontinuetolookattheothersideoftheirnature,regardedsimply,andinitself,willnotthey,asfarasweseethem,beunlimitedinnumber?

  Certainly。

  Andyet,wheneachseveralpartbecomesapart,thenthepartshavealimitinrelationtothewholeandtoeachother,andthewholeinrelationtotheparts。

  Justso。

  Theresulttotheothersthantheoneisthatofthemselvesandtheoneappearstocreateanewelementinthemwhichgivestothemlimitationinrelationtooneanother;whereasintheirownnaturetheyhavenolimit。

  Thatisclear。

  Thentheothersthantheone,bothaswholeandparts,areinfinite,andalsopartakeoflimit。

  Certainly。

  Thentheyarebothlikeandunlikeoneanotherandthemselves。

  Howisthat?

  Inasmuchastheyareunlimitedintheirownnature,theyareallaffectedinthesameway。

  True。

  Andinasmuchastheyallpartakeoflimit,theyareallaffectedinthesameway。

  Ofcourse。

  Butinasmuchastheirstateisbothlimitedandunlimited,theyareaffectedinoppositeways。

  Yes。

  Andoppositesarethemostunlikeofthings。

  Certainly。

  Considered,then,inregardtoeitheroneoftheiraffections,theywillbelikethemselvesandoneanother;consideredinreferencetobothofthemtogether,mostopposedandmostunlike。

  Thatappearstobetrue。

  Thentheothersarebothlikeandunlikethemselvesandoneanother?

  True。

  Andtheyarethesameandalsodifferentfromoneanother,andinmotionandatrest,andexperienceeverysortofoppositeaffection,asmaybeprovedwithoutdifficultyofthem,sincetheyhavebeenshowntohaveexperiencedtheaffectionsaforesaid?

  True。

  Suppose,now,thatweleavethefurtherdiscussionofthesemattersasevident,andconsideragainuponthehypothesisthattheoneis,whetheroppositeofallthisisorisnotequallytrueoftheothers。

  Byallmeans。

  Thenletusbeginagain,andask,Ifoneis,whatmustbetheaffectionsoftheothers?

  Letusaskthatquestion。

  Mustnottheonebedistinctfromtheothers,andtheothersfromtheone?

  Whyso?

  Why,becausethereisnothingelsebesidethemwhichisdistinctfrombothofthem;fortheexpression\"oneandtheothers\"includesallthings。

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