Won\'tyoukindlylendheryours？StephenlaughedandMoynihan，pleasedwiththeresult，murmuredagain:——
We\'llhavefivebobeachwayonJohnAnthonyCollins——
Iamwaitingforyouranswer，saidMacCannbriefly——
Theaffairdoesn\'tinterestmeintheleast，saidStephenwearily。
Youknowthatwell。Whydoyoumakeasceneaboutit？——
Good!saidMacCann，smackinghislips。Youareareactionary，then？——
Doyouthinkyouimpressme，Stephenasked，whenyouflourishyourwoodensword？——
Metaphors!saidMacCannbluntly。Cometofacts。Stephenblushedandturnedaside。MacCannstoodhisgroundandsaidwithhostilehumour:——
Minorpoets，Isuppose，areabovesuchtrivialquestionsasthequestionofuniversalpeace。
Cranlyraisedhisheadandheldthehandballbetweenthetwostudentsbywayofapeace-offering，saying:——
Paxsupertotumsanguinariumglobum。
Stephen，movingawaythebystanders，jerkedhisshoulderangrilyinthedirectionoftheTsar\'simage，saying:——
Keepyouricon。IfwemusthaveaJesusletushavealegitimateJesus——
Byhell，that\'sagoodone!saidthegipsystudenttothoseabouthim，that\'safineexpression。Ilikethatexpressionimmensely。
Hegulpeddownthespittleinhisthroatasifheweregulpingdownthephraseand，fumblingatthepeakofhistweedcap，turnedtoStephen，saying:——
Excuseme，sir，whatdoyoumeanbythatexpressionyouutteredjustnow？
Feelinghimselfjostledbythestudentsnearhim，hesaidtothem:——
Iamcurioustoknownowwhathemeantbythatexpression。
HeturnedagaintoStephenandsaidinawhisper:——
DoyoubelieveinJesus？Ibelieveinman。Ofcourse，Idon\'tknowifyoubelieveinman。Iadmireyou，sir。Iadmirethemindofmanindependentofallreligions。IsthatyouropinionaboutthemindofJesus？——
Goon，Temple，saidthestoutruddystudent，returning，aswashiswont，tohisfirstidea，thatpintiswaitingforyou-HethinksI\'manimbecile，TempleexplainedtoStephen，becauseI\'mabelieverinthepowerofmind。
CranlylinkedhisarmsintothoseofStephenandhisadmirerandsaid:——
Nosadmanumballumjocabimus。
Stephen，intheactofbeingledaway，caughtsightofMacCann\'sflushedblunt-featuredface——
Mysignatureisofnoaccount，hesaidpolitely。Youarerighttogoyourway。Leavemetogomine——
Dedalus，saidMacCanncrisply，Ibelieveyou\'reagoodfellowbutyouhaveyettolearnthedignityofaltruismandtheresponsibilityofthehumanindividual。
Avoicesaid:——
Intellectualcrankeryisbetteroutofthismovementthaninit。
Stephen，recognizingtheharshtoneofMacAlister\'svoicedidnotturninthedirectionofthevoice。Cranlypushedsolemnlythroughthethrongofstudents，linkingStephenandTemplelikeacelebrantattendedbyhisministersonhiswaytothealtar。
TemplebenteagerlyacrossCranly\'sbreastandsaid:——
DidyouhearMacAlisterwhathesaid？Thatyouthisjealousofyou。
Didyouseethat？IbetCranlydidn\'tseethat。Byhell，Isawthatatonce。
Astheycrossedtheinnerhall，thedeanofstudieswasintheactofescapingfromthestudentwithwhomhehadbeenconversing。Hestoodatthefootofthestaircase，afootontheloweststep，histhreadbaresoutanegatheredabouthimfortheascentwithwomanishcare，noddinghisheadoftenandrepeating:——
Notadoubtofit，MrHackett!Veryfine!Notadoubtofit!
Inthemiddleofthehalltheprefectofthecollegesodalitywasspeakingearnestly，inasoftquerulousvoice，withaboarder。Ashespokehewrinkledalittlehisfreckledbrowandbit，betweenhisphrases，atatinybonepencil——
Ihopethematricmenwillallcome。Thefirstarts\'menareprettysure。Secondarts，too。Wemustmakesureofthenewcomers。
TemplebentagainacrossCranly，astheywerepassingthroughthedoorway，andsaidinaswiftwhisper:——
Doyouknowthatheisamarriedman？hewasamarriedmanbeforetheyconvertedhim。Hehasawifeandchildrensomewhere。Byhell，Ithinkthat\'sthequeerestnotionIeverheard!Eh？
Hiswhispertrailedoffintoslycacklinglaughter。ThemomenttheywerethroughthedoorwayCranlyseizedhimrudelybytheneckandshookhim，saying:——
Youflamingflounderingfool!I\'lltakemydyingbiblethereisn\'tabiggerbloodyape，doyouknow，thanyouinthewholeflamingbloodyworld!
Templewriggledinhisgrip，laughingstillwithslycontent，whileCranlyrepeatedflatlyateveryrudeshake:——
Aflamingflaringbloodyidiot!
Theycrossedtheweedygardentogether。Thepresident，wrappedinaheavyloosecloak，wascomingtowardsthemalongoneofthewalks，readinghisoffice。Attheendofthewalkhehaltedbeforeturningandraisedhiseyes。Thestudentssaluted，Templefumblingasbeforeatthepeakofhiscap。Theywalkedforwardinsilence。AstheynearedthealleyStephencouldhearthethudsoftheplayers\'handsandthewetsmacksoftheballandDavin\'svoicecryingoutexcitedlyateachstroke。
ThethreestudentshaltedroundtheboxonwhichDavinsattofollowthegame。Temple，afterafewmoments，sidledacrosstoStephenandsaid:——
Excuseme，Iwantedtoaskyou，doyoubelievethatJean-JacquesRousseauwasasincereman？
Stephenlaughedoutright。Cranly，pickingupthebrokenstaveofacaskfromthegrassathisfeet，turnedswiftlyandsaidsternly:——
Temple，IdeclaretothelivingGodifyousayanotherword，doyouknow，toanybodyonanysubject，I\'llkillyousuperspottum——
Hewaslikeyou，Ifancy，saidStephen，anemotionalman——
Blasthim，cursehim!saidCranlybroadly。Don\'ttalktohimatall。
Sure，youmightaswellbetalking，doyouknow，toaflamingchamber-potastalkingtoTemple。Gohome，Temple。ForGod\'ssake，gohome——
Idon\'tcareadamnaboutyou，Cranly，answeredTemple，movingoutofreachoftheupliftedstaveandpointingatStephen。He\'stheonlymanIseeinthisinstitutionthathasanindividualmind——
Institution!Individual!criedCranly。Gohome，blastyou，foryou\'reahopelessbloodyman——
I\'manemotionalman，saidTemple。That\'squiterightlyexpressed。
AndI\'mproudthatI\'manemotionalist。
Hesidledoutofthealley，smilingslyly。Cranlywatchedhimwithablankexpressionlessface——
Lookathim!hesaid。Didyoueverseesuchago-by-the-wall？
Hisphrasewasgreetedbyastrangelaughfromastudentwholoungedagainstthewall，hispeakedcapdownonhiseyes。Thelaugh，pitchedinahighkeyandcomingfromaSomuscularframe，seemedlikethewhinnyofanelephant。Thestudent\'sbodyshookalloverand，toeasehismirth，herubbedbothhishandsdelightedlyoverhisgroins——
Lynchisawake，saidCranly。
Lynch，foranswer，straightenedhimselfandthrustforwardhischest——
Lynchputsouthischest，saidStephen，asacriticismoflife。
Lynchsmotehimselfsonorouslyonthechestandsaid:——
Whohasanythingtosayaboutmygirth？
Cranlytookhimatthewordandthetwobegantotussle。Whentheirfaceshadflushedwiththestruggletheydrewapart，panting。StephenbentdowntowardsDavinwho，intentonthegame，hadpaidnoheedtothetalkoftheothers——
Andhowismylittletamegoose？heasked。Didhesign，too？
Davidnoddedandsaid:——
Andyou，Stevie？
Stephenshookhishead——
You\'reaterribleman，Stevie，saidDavin，takingtheshortpipefromhismouth，alwaysalone——
Nowthatyouhavesignedthepetitionforuniversalpeace，saidStephen，IsupposeyouwillburnthatlittlecopybookIsawinyourroom。
AsDavindidnotanswer，Stephenbegantoquote:——
Longpace，fianna!Rightincline，fianna!Fianna，bynumbers，salute，one，two!——
That\'sadifferentquestion，saidDavin。I\'manIrishnationalist，firstandforemost。Butthat\'syouallout。You\'reabornsneerer，Stevie——
Whenyoumakethenextrebellionwithhurleysticks，saidStephen，andwanttheindispensableinformer，tellme。Icanfindyouafewinthiscollege——
Ican\'tunderstandyou，saidDavin。OnetimeIhearyoutalkagainstEnglishliterature。NowyoutalkagainsttheIrishinformers。Whatwithyournameandyourideas-AreyouIrishatall？——
ComewithmenowtotheofficeofarmsandIwillshowyouthetreeofmyfamily，saidStephen——
Thenbeoneofus，saidDavin。Whydon\'tyoulearnIrish？Whydidyoudropoutoftheleagueclassafterthefirstlesson？——
Youknowonereasonwhy，answeredStephen。Davintosshisheadandlaughed——
Oh，comenow，hesaid。IsitonaccountofthatcertainyoungladyandFatherMoran？Butthat\'sallinyourownmind，Stevie。Theywereonlytalkingandlaughing。
StephenpausedandlaidafriendlyhanduponDavin\'sshoulder——
Doyouremember，hesaid，whenwekneweachotherfirst？Thefirstmorningwemetyouaskedmetoshowyouthewaytothematriculationclass，puttingaverystrongstressonthefirstsyllable。Youremember？Thenyouusedtoaddressthejesuitsasfather，youremember？Iaskmyselfaboutyou:Isheainnocentashisspeech？——
I\'masimpleperson，saidDavin。Youknowthat。WhenyoutoldmethatnightinHarcourtStreetthosethingsaboutyourprivatelife，honesttoGod，Stevie，Iwasnotabletoeatmydinner。Iwasquitebad。Iwasawakealongtimethatnight。Whydidyoutellmethosethings？——
Thanks，saidStephen。YoumeanIamamonster——
No，saidDavin。ButIwishyouhadnottoldme。
AtidebegantosurgebeneaththecalmsurfaceofStephen\'sfriendliness——
Thisraceandthiscountryandthislifeproducedme，hesaidIshallexpressmyselfasIam——
Trytobeoneofus，repeatedDavin。InheartyouareanIrishmanbutyourprideistoopowerful——
MyancestorsthrewofftheirlanguageandtookanotherStephensaid。
Theyallowedahandfulofforeignerstosubjectthem。DoyoufancyIamgoingtopayinmyownlifeandpersondebtstheymade？Whatfor？——
Forourfreedom，saidDavin——
Nohonourableandsincereman，saidStephen，hasgivenuptoyouhislifeandhisyouthandhisaffectionsfromthedaysofTonetothoseofParnell，butyousoldhimtotheenemyorfailedhiminneedorreviledhimandlefthimforanother。Andyouinvitemetobeoneofyou。I\'dseeyoudamnedfirst——
Theydiedfortheirideals，Stevie，saidDavin。Ourdaywillcomeyet，believeme。
Stephen，followinghisownthought，wassilentforaninstant——
Thesoulisborn，hesaidvaguely，firstinthosemomentsItoldyouof。Ithasaslowanddarkbirth，moremysteriousthanthebirthofthebody。Whenthesoulofamanisborninthiscountrytherearenetsflungatittoholditbackfromflight。Youtalktomeofnationality，language，religion。Ishalltrytoflybythosenets。
Davinknockedtheashesfromhispipe——
Toodeepforme，Stevie，hesaid。Butaman\'scountrycomesfirst。
Irelandfirst，Stevie。Youcanbeapoetoramysticafter——
DoyouknowwhatIrelandis？askedStephenwithcoldviolence。Irelandistheoldsowthateatsherfarrow。
Davinrosefromhisboxandwenttowardstheplayers，shakinghisheadsadly。ButinamomenthissadnesslefthimandhewashotlydisputingwithCranlyandthetwoplayerswhohadfinishedtheirgame。Amatchoffourwasarranged，Cranlyinsisting，however，thathisballshouldbeused。Heletitreboundtwiceorthricetohishandandstruckitstronglyandswiftlytowardsthebaseofthealley，exclaiminginanswertoitsthud:——
Yoursoul!
StephenstoodwithLynchtillthescorebegantorise。Thenhepluckedhimbythesleevetocomeaway。Lynchobeyed，saying:——
Letusekego，asCranlyhasit。
Stephensmiledatthisside-thrust。
Theypassedbackthroughthegardenandoutthroughthehallwherethedodderingporterwaspinningupahallnoticeintheframe。AtthefootofthestepstheyhaltedandStephentookapacketofcigarettesfromhispocketandofferedittohiscompanion——
Iknowyouarepoor，hesaid——
Damnyouryellowinsolence，answeredLynch。
ThissecondproofofLynch\'sculturemadeStephensmileagain——
ItwasagreatdayforEuropeanculture，hesaid，whenyoumadeupyourmindtoswearinyellow。
Theylittheircigarettesandturnedtotheright。AfterapauseStephenbegan:——
Aristotlehasnotdefinedpityandterror。Ihave。IsayLynchhaltedandsaidbluntly:——
Stop!Iwon\'tlisten!Iamsick。IwasoutlastnightonayellowdrunkwithHoranandGoggins。
Stephenwenton:——
Pityisthefeelingwhicharreststhemindinthepresenceofwhatsoeverisgraveandconstantinhumansufferingsandunitesitwiththehumansufferer。Terroristhefeelingwhicharreststhemindinthepresenceofwhatsoeverisgraveandconstantinhumansufferingsandunitesitwiththesecretcause——
Repeat，saidLynch。
Stephenrepeatedthedefinitionsslowly——
Agirlgotintoahansomafewdaysago，hewenton，inLondon。Shewasonherwaytomeethermotherwhomshehadnotseenformanyyears。
Atthecornerofastreettheshaftofalorryshiveredthewindowofthehansomintheshapeofastar。Alongfineneedleoftheshiveredglasspiercedherheart。Shediedontheinstant。Thereportercalleditatragicdeath。Itisnot。Itisremotefromterrorandpityaccordingtothetermsofmydefinitions——
Thetragicemotion，infact，isafacelookingtwoways，towardsterrorandtowardspity，bothofwhicharephasesofit。YouseeIusethewordarrest。Imeanthatthetragicemotionisstatic。Orratherthedramaticemotionis。Thefeelingsexcitedbyimproperartarekinetic，desireorloathing。Desireurgesustopossess，togotosomething；loathingurgesustoabandon，togofromsomething。Theartswhichexcitethem，pornographicalordidactic，arethereforeimproperarts。TheestheticemotionIusedthegeneraltermisthereforestatic。Themindisarrestedandraisedabovedesireandloathing——
Yousaythatartmustnotexcitedesire，saidLynch。ItoldyouthatonedayIwrotemynameinpencilonthebacksideoftheVenusofPraxitelesintheMuseum。Wasthatnotdesire？——
Ispeakofnormalnatures，saidStephen。Youalsotoldmethatwhenyouwereaboyinthatcharmingcarmeliteschoolyouatepiecesofdriedcowdung。
Lynchbrokeagainintoawhinnyoflaughterandagainrubbedbothhishandsoverhisgroinsbutwithouttakingthemfromhispockets——
O，Idid!Idid!hecried。
Stephenturnedtowardshiscompanionandlookedathimforamomentboldlyintheeyes。Lynch，recoveringfromhislaughter，answeredhislookfromhishumbledeyes。ThelongslenderflattenedskullbeneaththelongpointedcapbroughtbeforeStephen\'smindtheimageofahoodedreptile。
Theeyes，too，werereptile-likeinglintandgaze。Yetatthatinstant，humbledandalertintheirlook，theywerelitbyonetinyhumanpoint，thewindowofashrivelledsoul，poignantandself-embittered——
Asforthat，Stephensaidinpoliteparenthesis，weareallanimals。
Ialsoamananimal——
Youare，saidLynch——
Butwearejustnowinamentalworld，Stephencontinued。Thedesireandloathingexcitedbyimproperestheticmeansarereallynotestheticemotionsnotonlybecausetheyarekineticincharacterbutalsobecausetheyarenotmorethanphysical。Ourfleshshrinksfromwhatitdreadsandrespondstothestimulusofwhatitdesiresbyapurelyreflexactionofthenervoussystem。Oureyelidclosesbeforeweareawarethattheflyisabouttoenteroureye——
Notalways，saidLynchcritically——
Inthesameway，saidStephen，yourfleshrespondedtothestimulusofanakedstatue，butitwas，Isay，simplyareflexactionofthenerves。
Beautyexpressedbytheartistcannotawakeninusanemotionwhichiskineticorasensationwhichispurelyphysical。Itawakens，oroughttoawaken，orinduces，oroughttoinduce，anestheticstasis，anidealpityoranidealterror，astasiscalledforth，prolonged，andatlastdissolvedbywhatIcalltherhythmofbeauty——
Whatisthatexactly？askedLynch——
Rhythm，saidStephen，isthefirstformalestheticrelationofparttopartinanyestheticwholeorofanestheticwholetoitspartorpartsorofanyparttotheestheticwholeofwhichitisapart——
Ifthatisrhythm，saidLynch，letmehearwhatyoucallbeauty；
and，pleaseremember，thoughIdideatacakeofcowdungonce，thatIadmireonlybeauty。
Stephenraisedhiscapasifingreeting。Then，blushingslightly，helaidhishandonLynch\'sthicktweedsleeve——
Weareright，hesaid，andtheothersarewrong。Tospeakofthesethingsandtotrytounderstandtheirnatureand，havingunderstoodit，totryslowlyandhumblyandconstantlytoexpress，topressoutagain，fromthegrossearthorwhatitbringsforth，fromsoundandshapeandcolourwhicharetheprisongatesofoursoul，animageofthebeautywehavecometounderstand-thatisart。
Theyhadreachedthecanalbridgeand，turningfromtheircourse，wentonbythetrees。Acrudegreylight，mirroredinthesluggishwaterandasmellofwetbranchesovertheirheadsseemedtowaragainstthecourseofStephen\'sthought——
Butyouhavenotansweredmyquestion，saidLynch。Whatisart？Whatisthebeautyitexpresses？——
ThatwasthefirstdefinitionIgaveyou，yousleepy-headedwretch，saidStephen，whenIbegantotrytothinkoutthematterformyself。Doyourememberthenight？CranlylosthistemperandbegantotalkaboutWicklowbacon——
Iremember，saidLynch。Hetoldusaboutthemflamingfatdevilsofpigs——
Art，saidStephen，isthehumandispositionofsensibleorintelligiblematterforanestheticend。Yourememberthepigsandforgetthat。Youareadistressingpair，youandCranly。
Lynchmadeagrimaceattherawgreyskyandsaid:——
IfIamtolistentoyourestheticphilosophygivemeatleastanothercigarette。Idon\'tcareaboutit。Idon\'tevencareaboutwomen。Damnyouanddamneverything。Iwantajoboffivehundredayear。Youcan\'tgetmeone。
Stephenhandedhimthepacketofcigarettes。Lynchtookthelastonethatremained，sayingsimply:——
Proceed!——
Aquinas，saidStephen，saysthatisbeautifultheapprehensionofwhichpleases。
Lynchnodded——
Irememberthat，hesaid，Pulcrasuntquaevisaplacent-
Heusesthewordvisa，saidStephen，tocoverestheticapprehensionsofallkinds，whetherthroughsightorhearingorthroughanyotheravenueofapprehension。Thisword，thoughitisvague，isclearenoughtokeepawaygoodandevilwhichexcitedesireandloathing。Itmeanscertainlyastasisandnotakinesis。Howaboutthetrue？Itproducesalsoastasisofthemind。Youwouldnotwriteyournameinpencilacrossthehypotenuseofaright-angledtriangle——
No，saidLynch，givemethehypotenuseoftheVenusofPraxiteles——
Statictherefore，saidStephen。Plato，Ibelieve，saidthatbeautyisthesplendouroftruth。Idon\'tthinkthatithasameaning，butthetrueandthebeautifulareakin。Truthisbeheldbytheintellectwhichisappeasedbythemostsatisfyingrelationsoftheintelligible；beautyisbeheldbytheimaginationwhichisappeasedbythemostsatisfyingrelationsofthesensible。Thefirststepinthedirectionoftruthistounderstandtheframeandscopeoftheintellectitself，tocomprehendtheactitselfofintellection。Aristotle\'sentiresystemofphilosophyrestsuponhisbookofpsychologyandthat，Ithink，restsonhisstatementthatthesameattributecannotatthesametimeandinthesameconnexionbelongtoandnotbelongtothesamesubject。Thefirststepinthedirectionofbeautyistounderstandtheframeandscopeoftheimagination，tocomprehendtheactitselfofestheticapprehension。Isthatclear？——
Butwhatisbeauty？askedLynchimpatiently。Outwithanotherdefinition。
Somethingweseeandlike!IsthatthebestyouandAquinascando？——
Letustakewoman，saidStephen——Letustakeher!saidLynchfervently——
TheGreek，theTurk，theChinese，theCopt，theHottentot，saidStephen，alladmireadifferenttypeoffemalebeauty。Thatseemstobeamazeoutofwhichwecannotescape。Isee，however，twowaysout。Oneisthishypothesis:
thateveryphysicalqualityadmiredbymeninwomenisindirectconnexionwiththemanifoldfunctionsofwomenforthepropagationofthespecies。
Itmaybeso。Theworld，itseems，isdrearierthanevenyou，Lynch，imagined。
FormypartIdislikethatwayout。Itleadstoeugenicsratherthantoesthetic。Itleadsyououtofthemazeintoanewgaudylecture-roomwhereMacCann，withonehandonTheOrionofSpeciesandtheotherhandonthenewtestament，tellsyouthatyouadmiredthegreatflanksofVenusbecauseyoufeltthatshewouldbearyouburlyoffspringandadmiredhergreatbreastsbecauseyoufeltthatshewouldgivegoodmilktoherchildrenandyours——
ThenMacCannisasulphur-yellowliar，saidLynchenergetically——
Thereremainsanotherwayout，saidStephen，laughing——
Towit？saidLynch——
Thishypothesis，Stephenbegan。
AlongdrayladenwitholdironcameroundthecornerofSirPatrickDun\'shospitalcoveringtheendofStephen\'sspeechwiththeharshroarofjangledandrattlingmetal。Lynchclosedhisearsandgaveoutoathafteroathtillthedrayhadpassed。Thenheturnedonhisheelrudely。
Stephenturnedalsoandwaitedforafewmomentstillhiscompanion\'sill-humourhadhaditsvent——
Thishypothesis，Stephenrepeated，istheotherwayout:that，thoughthesameobjectmaynotseembeautifultoallpeople，allpeoplewhoadmireabeautifulobjectfindinitcertainrelationswhichsatisfyandcoincidewiththestagesthemselvesofallestheticapprehension。Theserelationsofthesensible，visibletoyouthroughoneformandtomethroughanother，mustbethereforethenecessaryqualitiesofbeauty。Now，wecanreturntoouroldfriendsaintThomasforanotherpennyworthofwisdom。
Lynchlaughed——
Itamusesmevastly，hesaid，tohearyouquotinghimtimeaftertimelikeajollyroundfriar。Areyoulaughinginyoursleeve？——
MacAlister，answeredStephen，wouldcallmyesthetictheoryappliedAquinas。Sofarasthissideofestheticphilosophyextends，Aquinaswillcarrymeallalongtheline。Whenwecometothephenomenaofartisticconception，artisticgestation，andartisticreproductionIrequireanewterminologyandanewpersonalexperience——
Ofcourse，saidLynch。AfterallAquinas，inspiteofhisintellect，wasexactlyagoodroundfriar。Butyouwilltellmeaboutthenewpersonalexperienceandnewterminologysomeotherday。Hurryupandfinishthefirstpart——
Whoknows？saidStephen，smiling。PerhapsAquinaswouldunderstandmebetterthanyou。Hewasapoethimself。HewroteahymnforMaundyThursday。
ItbeginswiththewordsPangelinguagloriosi。Theysayitisthehighestgloryofthehymnal。Itisanintricateandsoothinghymn。Ilikeit；butthereisnohymnthatcanbeputbesidethatmournfulandmajesticprocessionalsong，theVexillaRegisofVenantiusFortunatus。
Lynchbegantosingsoftlyandsolemnlyinadeepbassvoice:ImpletasuntquaeconcinitDavidfidelicarmineDicendonationibusRegnavitalignoDeus——That\'sgreat!hesaid，wellpleased。Greatmusic!
TheyturnedintoLowerMountStreet。Afewstepsfromthecornerafatyoungman，wearingasilkneckcloth，salutedthemandstopped——
Didyouheartheresultsoftheexams？heasked。Griffinwasplucked。
HalpinandO\'Flynnarethroughthehomecivil。MoonangotfifthplaceintheIndian。O\'Shaughnessygotfourteenth。TheIrishfellowsinClark\'sgavethemafeedlastnight。Theyallatecurry。
Hispallidbloatedfaceexpressedbenevolentmaliceand，ashehadadvancedthroughhistidingsofsuccess，hissmallfat-encircledeyesvanishedoutofsightandhisweakwheezingvoiceoutofhearing。
InreplytoaquestionofStephen\'shiseyesandhisvoicecameforthagainfromtheirlurking-places——
Yes，MacCullaghandI；hesaid。He\'stakingpuremathematicsandI\'mtakingconstitutionalhistory。Therearetwentysubjects。I\'mtakingbotanytoo。YouknowI\'mamemberofthefieldclub。
Hedrewbackfromtheothertwoinastatelyfashionandplacedaplumpwoollen-glovedhandonhisbreastfromwhichmutteredwheezinglaughteratoncebrokeforth——
Bringusafewturnipsandonionsthenexttimeyougoout，saidStephendrily，tomakeastew。
Thefatstudentlaughedindulgentlyandsaid:——
Weareallhighlyrespectablepeopleinthefieldclub。LastSaturdaywewentouttoGlenmalure，sevenofus——
Withwomen，Donovan？saidLynch。
Donovanagainlaidhishandonhischestandsaid:——
Ourendistheacquisitionofknowledge。Thenhesaidquickly:——
Ihearyouarewritingsomeessaysaboutesthetics。Stephenmadeavaguegestureofdenial——
GoetheandLessing，saidDonovan，havewrittenalotonthatsubject，theclassicalschoolandtheromanticschoolandallthat。TheLaocooninterestedmeverymuchwhenIreadit。Ofcourseitisidealistic，German，ultra-profound。
Neitheroftheothersspoke。Donovantookleaveofthemurbanely——
Imustgo，hesaidsoftlyandbenevolently，Ihaveastrongsuspicion，amountingalmosttoaconviction，thatmysisterintendedtomakepancakestodayforthedinneroftheDonovanfamily——
Goodbye，Stephensaidinhiswake。Don\'tforgettheturnipsformeandmymate。
Lynchgazedafterhim，hislipcurlinginslowscorntillhisfaceresembledadevil\'smask:——
Tothinkthatthatyellowpancake-eatingexcrementcangetagoodjob，hesaidatlength，andIhavetosmokecheapcigarettes!
TheyturnedtheirfacestowardsMerrionSquareandwentforalittleinsilence——
TofinishwhatIwassayingaboutbeauty，saidStephen，themostsatisfyingrelationsofthesensiblemustthereforecorrespondtothenecessaryphasesofartisticapprehension。Findtheseandyoufindthequalitiesofuniversalbeauty。Aquinassays:Adpulcritudinemtriarequirunturintegritas，consonantia，claritas。Itranslateitso:Threethingsareneededforbeauty，wholeness，harmony，andradiance。Dothesecorrespondtothephasesofapprehension？Areyoufollowing？——
Ofcourse，Iam，saidLynch。IfyouthinkIhaveanexcrementitiousintelligencerunafterDonovanandaskhimtolistentoyou。
Stephenpointedtoabasketwhichabutcher\'sboyhadslunginvertedonhishead——
Lookatthatbasket，hesaid——
Iseeit，saidLynch——
Inordertoseethatbasket，saidStephen，yourmindfirstofallseparatesthebasketfromtherestofthevisibleuniversewhichisnotthebasket。Thefirstphaseofapprehensionisaboundinglinedrawnabouttheobjecttobeapprehended。Anestheticimageispresentedtouseitherinspaceorintime。Whatisaudibleispresentedintime，whatisvisibleispresentedinspace。But，temporalorspatial，theestheticimageisfirstluminouslyapprehendedasselfboundedandselfcontainedupontheimmeasurablebackgroundofspaceortimewhichisnotit。Youapprehendeditasonething。Youseeitasonewhole。Youapprehenditswholeness。
Thatisintegritas——
Bull\'seye!saidLynch，laughing。Goon——
Then，saidStephen，youpassfrompointtopoint，ledbyitsformallines；youapprehenditasbalancedpartagainstpartwithinitslimits；
youfeeltherhythmofitsstructure。Inotherwords，thesynthesisofimmediateperceptionisfollowedbytheanalysisofapprehension。Havingfirstfeltthatitisonethingyoufeelnowthatitisathing。
Youapprehenditascomplex，multiple，divisible，separable，madeupofitsparts，theresultofitspartsandtheirsum，harmonious。Thatisconsonantia——
Bull\'seyeagain!saidLynchwittily。Tellmenowwhatisclaritasandyouwinthecigar——
Theconnotationoftheword，Stephensaid，israthervague。Aquinasusesatermwhichseemstobeinexact。Itbaffledmeforalongtime。Itwouldleadyoutobelievethathehadinmindsymbolismoridealism，thesupremequalityofbeautybeingalightfromsomeotherworld，theideaofwhichthematterisbuttheshadow，therealityofwhichitisbutthesymbol。Ithoughthemightmeanthatclaritasistheartisticdiscoveryandrepresentationofthedivinepurposeinanythingoraforceofgeneralizationwhichwouldmaketheestheticimagea\'universalone，makeitoutshineitsproperconditions。Butthatisliterarytalk。Iunderstanditso。Whenyouhaveapprehendedthatbasketasonethingandhavethenanalyseditaccordingtoitsformandapprehendeditasathingyoumaketheonlysynthesiswhichislogicallyandestheticallypermissible。Youseethatitisthatthingwhichitisandnootherthing。Theradianceofwhichhespeaksinthescholasticquidditas，thewhatnessofathing。Thissupremequalityisfeltbytheartistwhentheestheticimageisfirstconceivedinhisimagination。ThemindinthatmysteriousinstantShelleylikenedbeautifullytoafadingcoal。Theinstantwhereinthatsupremequalityofbeauty，theclearradianceoftheestheticimage，isapprehendedluminouslybythemindwhichhasbeenarrestedbyitswholenessandfascinatedbyitsharmonyistheluminoussilentstasisofestheticpleasure，aspiritualstateveryliketothatcardiacconditionwhichtheItalianphysiologistLuigiGalvani，usingaphrasealmostasbeautifulasShelley\'s，calledtheenchantmentoftheheart。
Stephenpausedand，thoughhiscompaniondidnotspeak，feltthathiswordshadcalleduparoundthemathought-enchantedsilence——
WhatIhavesaid，hebeganagain，referstobeautyinthewidersenseoftheword，inthesensewhichthewordhasintheliterarytradition。
Inthemarketplaceithasanothersense。Whenwespeakofbeautyinthesecondsenseofthetermourjudgementisinfluencedinthefirstplacebytheartitselfandbytheformofthatart。Theimage，itisclear，mustbesetbetweenthemindorsensesoftheartisthimselfandthemindorsensesofothers。Ifyoubearthisinmemoryyouwillseethatartnecessarilydividesitselfintothreeformsprogressingfromonetothenext。Theseformsare:thelyricalform，theformwhereintheartistpresentshisimageinimmediaterelationtohimself；theepicalform，theformwhereinhepresentshisimageinmediaterelationtohimselfandtoothers；thedramaticform，theformwhereinhepresentshisimageinimmediaterelationtoothers——
Thatyoutoldmeafewnightsago，saidLynch，andwebeganthefamousdiscussion——
Ihaveabookathome，saidStephen，inwhichIhavewrittendownquestionswhicharemoreamusingthanyourswere。InfindingtheanswerstothemIfoundthetheoryofestheticwhichIamtryingtoexplain。HerearesomequestionsIsetmyself:Isachairfinelymadetragicorcomic？
IstheportraitofMonaLisagoodifIdesiretoseeit？Ifnot，whynot？——
Whynot，indeed？saidLynch，laughing——
Ifamanhackinginfuryatablockofwood，Stephencontinued，makethereanimageofacow，isthatimageaworkofart？Ifnot，whynot？——
That\'salovelyone，saidLynch，laughingagain。Thathasthetruescholasticstink——
Lessing，saidStephen，shouldnothavetakenagroupofstatuestowriteof。Theart，beinginferior，doesnotpresenttheformsIspokeofdistinguishedclearlyonefromanother。Eveninliterature，thehighestandmostspiritualart，theformsareoftenconfused。Thelyricalformisinfactthesimplestverbalvestureofaninstantofemotionarhythmicalcrysuchasagesagocheeredonthemanwhopulledattheoarordraggedstonesupaslope。Hewhouttersitismoreconsciousoftheinstantofemotionthanofhimselfasfeelingemotion。Thesimplestepicalformisseenemergingoutoflyricalliteraturewhentheartistprolongsandbroodsuponhimselfasthecentreofanepicaleventandthisformprogressestillthecentreofemotionalgravityisequidistantfromtheartisthimselfandfromothers。Thenarrativeisnolongerpurelypersonal。Thepersonalityoftheartistpassesintothenarrationitself，flowingroundandroundthepersonsandtheactionlikeavitalsea。ThisprogressyouwillseeeasilyinthatoldEnglishballadTurpinHerowhichbeginsinthefirstpersonandendsinthethirdperson。Thedramaticformisreachedwhenthevitalitywhichhasflowedandeddiedroundeachpersonfillseverypersonwithsuchvitalforcethatheorsheassumesaproperandintangibleestheticlife。Thepersonalityoftheartist，atfirstacryoracadenceoramoodandthenafluidandlambentnarrative，finallyrefinesitselfoutofexistence，impersonalizesitself，sotospeak。Theestheticimageinthedramaticformislifepurifiedinandreprojectedfromthehumanimagination。Themysteryofesthetic，likethatofmaterialcreation，isaccomplished。Theartist，liketheGodofcreation，remainswithinorbehindorbeyondorabovehishandiwork，invisible，refinedoutofexistence，indifferent，paringhisfingernails。