4。NewEffectsoftheFertilityandBarrennessofCountries。Thebarrennessoftheearthrendersmenindustrious，sober，inuredtohardship，courageous，andfitforwar；theyareobligedtoprocurebylabourwhattheearthrefusestobestowspontaneously。Thefertilityofacountrygivesease，effeminacy，andacertainfondnessforthepreservationoflife。IthasbeenremarkedthattheGermantroopsraisedinthoseplaceswherethepeasantsarerich，as，forinstance，inSaxony，arenotsogoodastheothers。Militarylawsmayprovideagainstthisinconveniencebyamoreseverediscipline。
5。OftheInhabitantsofIslands。Theinhabitantsofislandshaveahigherrelishforlibertythanthoseofthecontinent。Islandsarecommonlyofsmallextent；[4]onepartofthepeoplecannotbesoeasilyemployedtooppresstheother；theseaseparatesthemfromgreatempires；tyrannycannotsowellsupportitselfwithinasmallcompass：
conquerorsarestoppedbythesea；andtheislanders，beingwithoutthereachoftheirarms，moreeasilypreservetheirownlaws。
6。OfCountriesraisedbytheIndustryofMan。Thosecountrieswhichtheindustryofmanhasrenderedhabitable，andwhichstandinneedofthesameindustrytoprovidefortheirsubsistence，requireamildandmoderategovernment。Thereareprincipallythreeofthisspecies：thetwofineprovincesofKiang—nanandTsekianginChina；Egypt，andHolland。
TheancientemperorsofChinawerenotconquerors。Thefirstthingtheydidtoaggrandisethemselveswaswhatgavethehighestproofoftheirwisdom。Theyraisedfrombeneaththewaterstwoofthefinestprovincesoftheempire；theseowetheirexistencetothelabourofman。AnditistheinexpressiblefertilityofthesetwoprovinceswhichhasgivenEuropesuchideasofthefelicityofthatvastcountry。Butacontinualandnecessarycaretopreservefromdestructionsoconsiderableapartoftheempiredemandedratherthemannersofawisethanofavoluptuousnation，ratherthelawfulauthorityofamonarchthanthetyrannicswayofadespoticprince。Powerwas，therefore，necessarilymoderatedinthatcountry，asitwasformerlyinEgypt，andasitisnowinHolland，whichnaturehasmadetoattendtoherself，andnottobeabandonedtonegligenceorcaprice。