THE REPUBLIC

第24章

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第24章

THE REPUBLIC Plato

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THE REPUBLIC
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  Thenletusnowproceedtodescribetheinferiorsortofnatures,beingthecontentiousandambitious,whoanswertotheSpartanpolity;

  alsotheoligarchical,democratical,andtyrannical。Letusplacethemostjustbythesideofthemostunjust,andwhenweseethemweshallbeabletocomparetherelativehappinessorunhappinessofhimwholeadsalifeofpurejusticeorpureinjustice。Theenquirywillthenbecompleted。Andweshallknowwhetherweoughttopursueinjustice,asThrasymachusadvises,orinaccordancewiththeconclusionsoftheargumenttopreferjustice。

  Certainly,hereplied,wemustdoasyousay。

  Shallwefollowouroldplan,whichweadoptedwithaviewtoclearness,oftakingtheStatefirstandthenproceedingtotheindividual,andbeginwiththegovernmentofhonour?——Iknowofnonameforsuchagovernmentotherthantimocracy,orperhapstimarchy。Wewillcomparewiththisthelikecharacterintheindividual;and,afterthat,consideroligarchicalman;andthenagainwewillturnourattentiontodemocracyandthedemocraticalman;

  andlastly,wewillgoandviewthecityoftyranny,andoncemoretakealookintothetyrant’ssoul,andtrytoarriveatasatisfactorydecision。

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