THE REPUBLIC

第23章

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第23章

THE REPUBLIC Plato

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THE REPUBLIC
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  ButImustalsoremindyou,thatthepowerofdialecticalonecanrevealthis,andonlytoonewhoisadiscipleoftheprevioussciences。

  Ofthatassertionyoumaybeasconfidentasofthelast。

  Andassuredlynoonewillarguethatthereisanyothermethodofcomprehendingbyanyregularprocessalltrueexistenceorofascertainingwhateachthingisinitsownnature;fortheartsingeneralareconcernedwiththedesiresoropinionsofmen,orarecultivatedwithaviewtoproductionandconstruction,orforthepreservationofsuchproductionsandconstructions;andastothemathematicalscienceswhich,asweweresaying,havesomeapprehensionoftruebeing——geometryandthelike——theyonlydreamaboutbeing,butnevercantheybeholdthewakingrealitysolongastheyleavethehypotheseswhichtheyuseunexamined,andareunabletogiveanaccountofthem。Forwhenamanknowsnothisownfirstprinciple,andwhentheconclusionandintermediatestepsarealsoconstructedoutofheknowsnotwhat,howcanheimaginethatsuchafabricofconventioncaneverbecomescience?

  Impossible,hesaid。

  Thendialectic,anddialecticalone,goesdirectlytothefirstprincipleandistheonlysciencewhichdoesawaywithhypothesesinordertomakehergroundsecure;theeyeofthesoul,whichisliterallyburiedinanoutlandishslough,isbyhergentleaidliftedupwards;andsheusesashandmaidsandhelpersintheworkofconversion,thescienceswhichwehavebeendiscussing。Customtermsthemsciences,buttheyoughttohavesomeothername,implyinggreaterclearnessthanopinionandlessclearnessthanscience:andthis,inourprevioussketch,wascalledunderstanding。Butwhyshouldwedisputeaboutnameswhenwehaverealitiesofsuchimportancetoconsider?

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