Thoughts on the Present Discontents

第4章

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第4章

Thoughts on the Present Discontents Edmund Burke

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Thoughts on the Present Discontents
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  Thesewisemen,forsuchImustcallLordSunderland,LordGodolphin,LordSomers,andLordMarlborough,weretoowellprincipledinthesemaxims,uponwhichthewholefabricofpublicstrengthisbuilt,tobeblownofftheirgroundbythebreathofeverychildishtalker。TheywerenotafraidthattheyshouldbecalledanambitiousJunto,orthattheirresolutiontostandorfalltogethershould,byplacemen,beinterpretedintoascuffleforplaces。

  Partyisabodyofmenunitedforpromotingbytheirjointendeavoursthenationalinterest,uponsomeparticularprincipleinwhichtheyareallagreed。Formypart,Ifinditimpossibletoconceivethatanyonebelievesinhisownpolitics,orthinksthemtobeofanyweight,whorefusestoadoptthemeansofhavingthemreducedintopractice。ItisthebusinessofthespeculativephilosophertomarktheproperendsofGovernment。Itisthebusinessofthepolitician,whoisthephilosopherinaction,tofindoutpropermeanstowardsthoseends,andtoemploythemwitheffect。Therefore,everyhonourableconnectionwillavowitastheirfirstpurposetopursueeveryjustmethodtoputthemenwhoholdtheiropinionsintosuchaconditionasmayenablethemtocarrytheircommonplansintoexecution,withallthepowerandauthorityoftheState。Asthispowerisattachedtocertainsituations,itistheirdutytocontendforthesesituations。

  Withoutaproscriptionofothers,theyareboundtogivetotheirownpartythepreferenceinallthings,andbynomeans,forprivateconsiderations,toacceptanyoffersofpowerinwhichthewholebodyisnotincluded,nortosufferthemselvestobeled,ortobecontrolled,ortobeover—balanced,inofficeorincouncil,bythosewhocontradict,theveryfundamentalprinciplesonwhichtheirpartyisformed,andeventhoseuponwhicheveryfairconnectionmuststand。Suchagenerouscontentionforpower,onsuchmanlyandhonourablemaxims,willeasilybedistinguishedfromthemeanandinterestedstruggleforplaceandemolument。Theverystyleofsuchpersonswillservetodiscriminatethemfromthosenumberlessimpostorswhohavedeludedtheignorantwithprofessionsincompatiblewithhumanpractice,andhaveafterwardsincensedthembypracticesbelowthelevelofvulgarrectitude。

  Itisanadvantagetoallnarrowwisdomandnarrowmoralsthattheirmaximshaveaplausibleair,and,onacursoryview,appearequaltofirstprinciples。Theyarelightandportable。Theyareascurrentascoppercoin,andaboutasvaluable。Theyserveequallythefirstcapacitiesandthelowest,andtheyare,atleast,asusefultotheworstmenasthebest。OfthisstampisthecantofNOTMEN,BUT

  MEASURES;asortofcharm,bywhichmanypeoplegotloosefromeveryhonourableengagement。WhenIseeamanactingthisdesultoryanddisconnectedpart,withasmuchdetrimenttohisownfortuneasprejudicetothecauseofanyparty,Iamnotpersuadedthatheisright,butIamreadytobelieveheisinearnest。Irespectvirtueinallitssituations,evenwhenitisfoundintheunsuitablecompanyofweakness。Ilamenttoseequalities,rareandvaluable,squanderedawaywithoutanypublicutility。Butwhenagentlemanwithgreatvisibleemolumentsabandonsthepartyinwhichhehaslongacted,andtellsyouitisbecauseheproceedsuponhisownjudgmentthatheactsonthemeritsoftheseveralmeasuresastheyarise,andthatheisobligedtofollowhisownconscience,andnotthatofothers,hegivesreasonswhichitisimpossibletocontrovert,anddiscoversacharacterwhichitisimpossibletomistake。Whatshallwethinkofhimwhoneverdifferedfromacertainsetofmenuntilthemomenttheylosttheirpower,andwhoneveragreedwiththeminasingleinstanceafterwards?Wouldnotsuchacoincidenceofinterestandopinionberatherfortunate?

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