SONS AND LOVERS

第3章

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第3章

SONS AND LOVERS John Locke

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SONS AND LOVERS
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  AsthisincreaseoftheFineinthepurchaseofLandisnotanadvantagetothekingdom,soneitherisittotheLandholder,whoistheperson,thatbearingthegreatestpartoftheburthensoftheKingdom,ought,Ithink,tohavethegreatestcaretakenofhim,andenjoyasmanyPrivileges,andasmuchWealth,asthefavouroftheLawcan(withregardtothePublick-weal)conferuponhim。Butprayconsider:TheraisingthePriceofLandinSalebyincreasingthenumberofYearsPurchasetobepaidforit,givestheadvantagenottotheLandholder,buttohimthatceasestobeso。HethathasnolongertheLandhasthemoreMoney,andhewhohastheLandisthepoorer。ThetrueadvantageoftheLandholderis,thathisCorn,Flesh,andWool,sellbetter,andyieldagreaterprice;thisindeedisaprofit,thatbenefitstheowneroftheLand,andgoesalongwithit:ItisthisaloneraisestheRent,andmakesthePossessorricher:andthiscanonlybedonebyincreasingourWealth,anddrawingmoreMoneyintoEngland,whichthefallingofInterest,andthereby(ifitcouldeffectit)raisingthePurchaseofLandissofarfromdoing,thatitdoesvisiblyanddirectlyonewayhinderourincreaseofWealth,thatis,byhindringForeignerstocomehere,andbuyLand,andsettleamongstus。Wherebywehavethisdoubleloss;FirstwelosetheirPersons,increaseofPeoplebeingtheincreasebothofStrengthandRiches。SecondlywelosesomuchMoney。Fortho’whateveranEnglishmangivestoanotherforLand,thoughraisedtoFortyYearsPurchase,benotoneFarthingadvantagetothekingdom;yetwhateveraForeigner,whopurchasesLandhere,givesforit,issomucheveryFarthingcleargaintotheNation:ForthatMoneycomesclearin,withoutcarryingoutanythingforit,andiseveryFarthingofitasperfectGaintotheNationasifitdrop’ddownfromtheClouds。

  Butfarther,ifconsiderationbetobehadonlyofSellersofLand,theloweringofInteresttoFourperCent。willnotbeintheirfavour,unless,byit,youcanraiseLandtoThirtyYearsPurchase,whichisnotatalllikely:AndIthinknoBodybyfallingofInteresttoFourperCent。hopestogetChapmenfortheirLandatthatRate。Whatsoevertheyhaveless,ifLawcanregulateInterest,theyloseoftheirvalueofLand,Moneybeingthusabased。SothattheLandedmanwillscarcefindhisaccountneitherbythisLaw,whenitcomestotrial。Andatlast,I

  imagine,thiswillbetheresultofallsuchAttempts,thatExperiencewillshew,thatthepriceofThingswillnotberegulatedbyLaws,thoughtheendeavoursafteritwillbesuretoprejudiceandinconvenienceTrade,andputyourAffairsoutofOrder。

  Ifthisbeso,thatInterestcannotberegulatedbyLaw,orthatifitcould,yetthereducingofittoFourperCent。woulddomoreharmthangood:Whatthenshouldthere(willyousay)benoLawatalltoregulateInterest?Isaynotso。For,1。ItisnecessarythatthereshouldbeastatedRateofInterest,thatinDebtsandForbearances,whereContracthasnotsetleditbetweentheParties,theLawmightgiveaRule,andCourtsofJudicaturemightknowwhatDamagestoallow。Thismay,andthereforeshould,beRegulated。

  2。ThatinthepresentcurrentofrunningCash,whichnowtakesitscoursealmostalltoLondon,andisIngrossedbyaveryfewHandsinComparison,youngMen,andthoseinWant,mightnottooeasilybeexposedtoExtortionandOppression;andthedextrousandcombiningMoneyJobbersnothavetoogreatandunboundedaPower,toPreyupontheIgnoranceorNecessityofBorrowers。Therewouldnotbemuchdangerofthis,ifMoneyweremoreequallydistributedintotheseveralquartersofEngland,andintoagreaternumberofHands,accordingtotheExigencesofTrade。

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