Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion

第3章

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第3章

Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion David Hume

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Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion
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  Ineithercase,achaosensues;tillfinite,thoughinnumerablerevolutionsproduceatlastsomeforms,whosepartsandorgansaresoadjustedastosupporttheformsamidstacontinuedsuccessionofmatter。

  Suppose(forweshallendeavourtovarytheexpression),thatmatterwerethrownintoanyposition,byablind,unguidedforce;itisevidentthatthisfirstpositionmust,inallprobability,bethemostconfusedandmostdisorderlyimaginable,withoutanyresemblancetothoseworksofhumancontrivance,which,alongwithasymmetryofparts,discoveranadjustmentofmeanstoends,andatendencytoself-preservation。

  Iftheactuatingforceceaseafterthisoperation,mattermustremainforeverindisorder,andcontinueanimmensechaos,withoutanyproportionoractivity。Butsupposethattheactuatingforce,whateveritbe,stillcontinuesinmatter,thisfirstpositionwillimmediatelygiveplacetoasecond,whichwilllikewiseinallprobabilitybeasdisorderlyasthefirst,andsoonthroughmanysuccessionsofchangesandrevolutions。Noparticularorderorpositionevercontinuesamomentunaltered。Theoriginalforce,stillremaininginactivity,givesaperpetualrestlessnesstomatter。Everypossiblesituationisproduced,andinstantlydestroyed。Ifaglimpseordawnoforderappearsforamoment,itisinstantlyhurriedaway,andconfounded,bythatnever-ceasingforcewhichactuateseverypartofmatter。

  Thustheuniversegoesonformanyagesinacontinuedsuccessionofchaosanddisorder。Butisitnotpossiblethatitmaysettleatlast,soasnottoloseitsmotionandactiveforce(forthatwehavesupposedinherentinit),yetsoastopreserveanuniformityofappearance,amidstthecontinualmotionandfluctuationofitsparts?Thiswefindtobethecasewiththeuniverseatpresent。Everyindividualisperpetuallychanging,andeverypartofeveryindividual;andyetthewholeremains,inappearance,thesame。Maywenothopeforsuchaposition,orratherbeassuredofit,fromtheeternalrevolutionsofunguidedmatter;andmaynotthisaccountforalltheappearingwisdomandcontrivancewhichisintheuniverse?Letuscontemplatethesubjectalittle,andweshallfind,thatthisadjustment,ifattainedbymatterofaseemingstabilityintheforms,witharealandperpetualrevolutionormotionofparts,affordsaplausible,ifnotatruesolutionofthedifficulty。

  Itisinvain,therefore,toinsistupontheusesofthepartsinanimalsorvegetables,andtheircuriousadjustmenttoeachother。Iwouldfainknow,howananimalcouldsubsist,unlessitspartsweresoadjusted?Dowenotfind,thatitimmediatelyperisheswheneverthisadjustmentceases,andthatitsmattercorruptingtriessomenewform?Ithappensindeed,thatthepartsoftheworldaresowelladjusted,thatsomeregularformimmediatelylaysclaimtothiscorruptedmatter:andifitwerenotso,couldtheworldsubsist?Mustitnotdissolveaswellastheanimal,andpassthroughnewpositionsandsituations,tillingreat,butfinitesuccession,itfallsatlastintothepresentorsomesuchorder?

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