Treatises on Friendship and Old Age

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第2章

Treatises on Friendship and Old Age Marcus Tullius Cicero

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Treatises on Friendship and Old Age
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  Again,thebelieversinthe\"interest\"theoryappeartometodestroythemostattractivelinkinthechainoffriendship。Foritisnotsomuchwhatonegetsbyafriendthatgivesonepleasure,asthewarmthofhisfeeling;andweonlycareforafriend’sserviceifithasbeenpromptedbyaffection。Andsofarfromitsbeingtruethatlackofmeansisamotiveforseekingfriendship,itisusuallythosewhobeingmostrichlyendowedwithwealthandmeans,andaboveallwithvirtue(which,afterall,isaman’sbestsupport),areleastinneedofanother,thataremostopenhandedandbeneficent。

  IndeedIaminclinedtothinkthatfriendsoughtattimestobeinwantofsomething。Forinstance,whatscopewouldmyaffectionshavehadifScipiohadneverwantedmyadviceorco—operationathomeorabroad?Itisnotfriendship,then,thatfollowsmaterialadvantage,butmaterialadvantagefriendship。

  15。Wemustnotthereforelistentothesesuperfinegentlemenwhentheytalkoffriendship,whichtheyknowneitherintheorynorinpractice。Forwho,inheaven’sname,wouldchoosealifeofthegreatestwealthandabundanceonconditionofneitherlovingorbeingbelovedbyanycreature?Thatisthesortoflifetyrantsendure。They,ofcourse,cancountonnofidelity,noaffection,nosecurityforthegoodwillofanyone。Forthemallissuspicionandanxiety;forthemthereisnopossibilityoffriendship。Whocanloveonewhomhefears,orbywhomheknowsthatheisfeared?

  Yetsuchmenhaveashowoffriendshipofferedthem,butitisonlyafair—weathershow。Ifiteverhappenthattheyfall,asitgenerallydoes,theywillatonceunderstandhowfriendlesstheyare。SotheysayTarquinobservedinhisexilethatheneverknewwhichofhisfriendswererealandwhichsham,untilhehadceasedtobeabletorepayeither。Thoughwhatsurprisesmeisthatamanofhisproudandoverbearingcharactershouldhaveafriendatall。

  Andasitwashischaracterthatpreventedhishavinggenuinefriends,soitoftenhappensinthecaseofmenofunusuallygreatmeans—theirverywealthforbidsfaithfulfriendships。FornotonlyisFortuneblindherself;butshegenerallymakesthoseblindalsowhoenjoyherfavours。Theyarecarried,sotospeak,beyondthemselveswithself—conceitandself—will;norcananythingbemoreperfectlyintolerablethanasuccessfulfool。Youmayoftenseeit。Menwhobeforehadpleasantmannersenoughundergoacompletechangeonattainingpowerofoffice。Theydespisetheiroldfriends:devotethemselvestonew。

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