forsenseoftheassemblyistheresolutionofthedebateandendofalldeliberation。Andgenerallyhethatdemandethcounselisauthorofit，andthereforecannotpunishit；andwhatthesovereigncannot，nomanelsecan。Butifonesubjectgivethcounseltoanothertodoanythingcontrarytothelaws，whetherthatcounselproceedfromevilintentionorfromignoranceonly，itispunishablebytheCommonwealth；becauseignoranceofthelawisnogoodexcuse，whereeverymanisboundtotakenoticeofthelawstowhichheissubject。
Exhortation，anddehortationiscounsel，accompaniedwithsignsinhimthatgivethitofvehementdesiretohaveitfollowed；or，tosayitmorebriefly，counselvehementlypressed。Forhethatexhortethdothnotdeducetheconsequencesofwhatheadvisethtobedone，andtiehimselfthereintotherigoroftruereasoning，butencourageshimhecounsellethtoaction：ashethatdehortethdeterrethhimfromit。Andthereforetheyhaveintheirspeechesaregardtothecommonpassionsandopinionsofmen，indeducingtheirreasons；andmakeuseofsimilitudes，metaphors，examples，andothertoolsoforatory，topersuadetheirhearersoftheutility，honour，orjusticeoffollowingtheiradvice。
Fromwhencemaybeinferred，first，thatexhortationanddehortationisdirectedtothegoodofhimthatgiveththecounsel，notofhimthataskethit，whichiscontrarytothedutyofacounsellor；who，bythedefinitionofcounsel，oughttoregard，nothisownbenefit，buthiswhomheadviseth。Andthathedirectethhiscounseltohisownbenefitismanifestenoughbythelongandvehementurging，orbytheartificialgivingthereof；whichbeingnotrequiredofhim，andconsequentlyproceedingfromhisownoccasions，isdirectedprincipallytohisownbenefit，andbutaccidentallytothegoodofhimthatiscounselled，ornotatall。
Secondly，thattheuseofexhortationanddehortationliethonlywhereamanistospeaktoamultitude，becausewhenthespeechisaddressedtoone，hemayinterrupthimandexaminehisreasonsmorerigorouslythancanbedoneinamultitude；whicharetoomanytoenterintodisputeanddialoguewithhimthatspeakethindifferentlytothemallatonce。
Thirdly，thattheythatexhortanddehort，wheretheyarerequiredtogivecounsel，arecorruptcounsellorsand，asitwere，bribedbytheirowninterest。Forthoughthecounseltheygivebeneversogood，yethethatgivesitisnomoreagoodcounsellorthanhethatgivethajustsentenceforarewardisajustjudge。Butwhereamanmaylawfullycommand，asafatherinhisfamily，oraleaderinanarmy，hisexhortationsanddehortationsarenotonlylawful，butalsonecessaryandlaudable：butwhentheyarenomorecounsels，butcommands；whichwhentheyareforexecutionofsourlabour，sometimesnecessity，andalwayshumanity，requirethtobesweetenedinthedeliverybyencouragement，andinthetuneandphraseofcounselratherthaninharsherlanguageofcommand。