LEVIATHAN

第14章

试读中

第14章

LEVIATHAN Thomas Hobbes

后面的故事,去 App 接着看,下载后搜索书名即可继续阅读。

LEVIATHAN
阅读主题
字体大小

  Thisperpetualfear,alwaysaccompanyingmankindintheignoranceofcauses,asitwereinthedark,mustneedshaveforobjectsomething。Andthereforewhenthereisnothingtobeseen,thereisnothingtoaccuseeitheroftheirgoodorevilfortunebutsomepoweroragentinvisible:inwhichsenseperhapsitwasthatsomeoftheoldpoetssaidthatthegodswereatfirstcreatedbyhumanfear:which,spokenofthegodsthatistosay,ofthemanygodsoftheGentiles,isverytrue。ButtheacknowledgingofoneGodeternal,infinite,andomnipotentmaymoreeasilybederivedfromthedesiremenhavetoknowthecausesofnaturalbodies,andtheirseveralvirtuesandoperations,thanfromthefearofwhatwastobefallthemintimetocome。Forhethat,fromanyeffectheseethcometopass,shouldreasontothenextandimmediatecausethereof,andfromthencetothecauseofthatcause,andplungehimselfprofoundlyinthepursuitofcauses,shallatlastcometothis,thattheremustbeaseventheheathenphilosophersconfessedoneFirstMover;thatis,afirstandaneternalcauseofallthings;

  whichisthatwhichmenmeanbythenameofGod:andallthiswithoutthoughtoftheirfortune,thesolicitudewhereofbothinclinestofearandhindersthemfromthesearchofthecausesofotherthings;andtherebygivesoccasionoffeigningofasmanygodsastherebementhatfeignthem。

  Andforthematter,orsubstance,oftheinvisibleagents,sofancied,theycouldnotbynaturalcogitationfalluponanyotherconceptbutthatitwasthesamewiththatofthesoulofman;andthatthesoulofmanwasofthesamesubstancewiththatwhichappearethinadreamtoonethatsleepeth;orinalooking-glasstoonethatisawake;which,mennotknowingthatsuchapparitionsarenothingelsebutcreaturesofthefancy,thinktoberealandexternalsubstances,andthereforecallthemghosts;astheLatinscalledthemimaginesandumbraeandthoughtthemspiritsthatis,thinaerialbodies,andthoseinvisibleagents,whichtheyfeared,tobelikethem,savethattheyappearandvanishwhentheyplease。Buttheopinionthatsuchspiritswereincorporeal,orimmaterial,couldneverenterintothemindofanymanbynature;because,thoughmenmayputtogetherwordsofcontradictorysignification,asspiritandincorporeal,yettheycanneverhavetheimaginationofanythingansweringtothem:andtherefore,menthatbytheirownmeditationarrivetotheacknowledgementofoneinfinite,omnipotent,andeternalGodchooserathertoconfessHeisincomprehensibleandabovetheirunderstandingthantodefineHisnaturebyspiritincorporeal,andthenconfesstheirdefinitiontobeunintelligible:oriftheygivehimsuchatitle,itisnotdogmatically,withintentiontomaketheDivineNatureunderstood,butpiously,tohonourHimwithattributesofsignificationsasremoteastheycanfromthegrossnessofbodiesvisible。

  Then,forthewaybywhichtheythinktheseinvisibleagentswroughttheireffects;thatistosay,whatimmediatecausestheyusedinbringingthingstopass,menthatknownotwhatitisthatwecallcausingthatis,almostallmenhavenootherruletoguessbybutbyobservingandrememberingwhattheyhaveseentoprecedethelikeeffectatsomeothertime,ortimesbefore,withoutseeingbetweentheantecedentandsubsequenteventanydependenceorconnexionatall:

  andthereforefromthelikethingspast,theyexpectthelikethingstocome;andhopeforgoodorevilluck,superstitiously,fromthingsthathavenopartatallinthecausingofit:astheAtheniansdidfortheirwaratLepantodemandanotherPhormio;thePompeianfactionfortheirwarinAfrica,anotherScipio;andothershavedoneindiverseotheroccasionssince。Inlikemannertheyattributetheirfortunetoastanderby,toaluckyorunluckyplace,towordsspoken,especiallyifthenameofGodbeamongstthem,ascharming,andconjuringtheliturgyofwitches;insomuchastobelievetheyhavepowertoturnastoneintobread,breadintoaman,oranythingintoanything。

后续内容在 App 继续看

精彩内容未完,打开 App 继续阅读

后面的故事已为你准备好,下载 App 后搜索“LEVIATHAN”即可继续阅读这一章。