Amonghissubjects，someareappointedbytheconstitution，andothersareelectedbythepeople，tocarryontheexerciseofthelegislativepowerjointlywithhim，andtocontroltheexecutivepowerindependentlyonhim。
Thusyourlordshipisbornamemberofthatorderofmen，inwhomathirdpartofthesupremePowerofthegovernmentresides：andyourrighttotheexerciseofthepowerbelongingtothisordernotbeingyetopened，youarechosenintoanotherbodyofmen，whohavedifferentpowerandadifferentconstitution，butwhopossessanotherthirdpartofthesupremelegislativeauthority，foraslongatimeasthecommissionortrustdelegatedtothembythepeoplelasts。Freemen，whoareneitherhorntothefirst，norelectedtothelast，havearighthowevertocomplain，torepresent，topetition，and，Iadd，eventodomoreincasesoftheutmostextremity。Forsuretherecannotbeagreaterabsurdity，thantoaffirm，thatthepeoplehavearemedyinresistance，whentheirprinceattemptstoenslavethem；butthattheyhavenone，whentheirrepresentativessellthemselvesandthem。
ThesumofwhatIhavebeensayingis，that，infreegovernments，thepublicserviceisnotconfinedtothosewhomtheprinceappointstodifferentpostsintheadministrationunderhim；thattherethecareofthestateisthecareofmultitudes；thatmanyarecalledtoitinaparticularmannerbytheirrank，andbyothercircumstancesoftheirsituation；andthateventhosewhomtheprinceappointsarenotonlyanswerabletohim，but，likehim，andbeforehim，tothenation，fortheirbehaviorintheirseveralposts。
Itcanneverbeimpertinentnorridiculousthereforeinsuchacountry，whateveritmightbeintheabbotofSt。Real’s，whichwasSavoyIthink；orinPeru，undertheIncas，where，GarcilassodelaVegasays，itwaslawfulfornonebutthenobilitytostudy——formenofalldegreestoinstructthemselvesinthoseaffairswhereintheymaybeactors，orjudgesofthosethatact，orcontrollersofthosethatjudge。Onthecontrary，itisincumbentoneverymantoinstructhimself，aswellasthemeansandopportunitieshehaspermit，concerningthenatureandinterestsofthegovernment，andthoserightsanddutiesthatbelongtohim，ortohissuperiors，ortohisinferiors。Thisingeneral；butinparticularitiscertainthattheobligationsunderwhichwelietoserveourcountryincrease，inproportiontotherankswebold，andtheothercircumstancesofbirth，fortune，andsituationthatcallustothisservice；and，aboveall，tothetalentswhichGodhasgivenustoperformit。
Itisinthisview，thatIshalladdresstoyourlordshipwhateverIhavefurthertosayonthestudyofhistory。