LAWS

第33章

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第33章

LAWS Plato

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LAWS
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  Ath。Buttohonourwithhymnsandpanegyricsthosewhoarestillaliveisnotsafe;amanshouldrunhiscourse,andmakeafairending,andthenwewillpraisehim;andletpraisebegivenequallytowomenaswellasmenwhohavebeendistinguishedinvirtue。Theorderofsongsanddancesshallbeasfollows:-Therearemanyancientmusicalcompositionsanddanceswhichareexcellent,andfromthesethenewly-foundedcitymayfreelyselectwhatisproperandsuitable;andtheyshallchoosejudgesofnotlessthanfiftyyearsofage,whoshallmaketheselection,andanyoftheoldpoemswhichtheydeemsufficienttheyshallinclude;anythataredeficientoraltogetherunsuitable,theyshalleitherutterlythrowaside,orexamineandamend,takingintotheircounselpoetsandmusicians,andmakinguseoftheirpoeticalgenius;butexplainingtothemthewishesofthelegislatorinorderthattheymayregulatedancing,music,andallchoralstrains,accordingtothemindofthejudges;

  andnotallowingthemtoindulge,exceptinsomefewmatters,theirindividualpleasuresandfancies。Nowtheirregularstrainofmusicisalwaysmadetenthousandtimesbetterbyattainingtolawandorder,andrejectingthehoneyedMuse-nothoweverthatwemeanwhollytoexcludepleasure,whichisthecharacteristicofallmusic。Andifamanbebroughtupfromchildhoodtotheageofdiscretionandmaturityintheuseoftheorderlyandseveremusic,whenhehearstheoppositehedetestsit,andcallsitilliberal;butiftrainedinthesweetandvulgarmusic,hedeemsthesevererkindcoldanddispleasing。Sothat,asIwassayingbefore,whilehewhohearsthemgainsnomorepleasurefromtheonethanfromtheother,theonehastheadvantageofmakingthosewhoaretrainedinitbettermen,whereastheothermakesthemworse。

  Cle。Verytrue。

  Ath。Again,wemustdistinguishanddetermineonsomegeneralprinciplewhatsongsaresuitabletowomen,andwhattomen,andmustassigntothemtheirpropermelodiesandrhythms。Itisshockingforawholeharmonytobeinharmonical,orforarhythmtobeunrhythmical,andthiswillhappenwhenthemelodyisinappropriatetothem。Andthereforethelegislatormustassigntothesealsotheirforms。Nowbothsexeshavemelodiesandrhythmswhichofnecessitybelongtothem;andthoseofwomenareclearlyenoughindicatedbytheirnaturaldifference。Thegrand,andthatwhichtendstocourage,maybefairlycalledmanly;butthatwhichinclinestomoderationandtemperance,maybedeclaredbothinlawandinordinaryspeechtobethemorewomanlyquality。This,then,willbethegeneralorderofthem。

  Letusnowspeakofthemannerofteachingandimpartingthem,andthepersonstowhom,andthetimewhen,theyareseverallytobeimparted。Astheshipwrightfirstlaysdownthelinesofthekeel,andthus,asitwere,drawstheshipinoutline,sodoIseektodistinguishthepatternsoflife,andlaydowntheirkeelsaccordingtothenatureofdifferentmen’ssouls;seekingtrulytoconsiderbywhatmeans,andinwhatways,wemaygothroughthevoyageoflifebest。Nowhumanaffairsarehardlyworthconsideringinearnest,andyetwemustbeinearnestaboutthem-asadnecessityconstrainsus。

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