Thelikeholdstruefortheworkandpayoftheforceofworkmenengagedintheindustrialprocessesunderbusinessmanagement。Itholds，inameasure，ofallmodernindustrythatproducesforthemarket，butitholdstrue，inaneminentdegree，ofthoselinesofindustrythataremorefullyundertheguidanceofmodernbusinessmethods。Thesearemostcloselyintouchwiththemarketandaremostconsistentlyguidedbyconsiderationsofvendibility。Theyarealso，onthewhole，morecommonlycarriedonbyhiredlabor，andthewagespaidarecompetitivelyadjustedongroundsofthevendibilityoftheproduct。Thebruteserviceabilityoftheoutputoftheseindustriesmaybealargefactorinitsvendibility，perhapsthelargestfactor；butthefactremainsthattheendsoughtbythebusinessmenincontrolisaprofitablesale，andthewagesarepaidasameanstothatend，nottotheendthatthewayoflifemaybesmootherfor。theultimateconsumerofthegoodsproduced。27*
Theoutcomeofthisrecital，then，isthatwhereverandinsofarasbusinessendsandmethodsdominatemodernindustrytherelationbetweentheusefulnessoftheworkforotherpurposesthanpecuniarygainandtheremunerationofitisremoteanduncertaintosuchadegreethatnoattemptatformulatingsucharelationisworthwhile。Thisiseminentlyandobviouslytrueoftheworkandgainsofbusinessmen，inwhateverlinesofbusinesstheyareengaged。Thisfollowsasanecessaryconsequenceofthenatureofbusinessmanagement。
Workthatis，onthewhole，uselessordetrimentaltothecommunityatlargemaybeasgainfultothebusinessmanandtotheworkmenwhomheemploysasworkthatcontributessubstantiallytotheaggregatelivelihood。Thisseemstobepeculiarlytrueofthebolderflightsofbusinessenterprise。Insofarasitsresultsarenotdetrimentaltohumanlifeatlarge，suchunproductiveworkdirectedtosecuringanincomemayseemtobeanidlematterinwhichtherestofthecommunityhasnosubstantialinterests。Suchisnotthecase。Insofarasthegainsoftheseunproductiveoccupationsareofasubstantialcharacter，theycomeoutoftheaggregateproductoftheotheroccupationsinwhichthevariousclassesofthecommunityengage。
Theaggregateprofitsofthebusiness，whateveritscharacter，aredrawnfromtheaggregateoutputofgoodsandservices；andwhatevergoestothemaintenanceoftheprofitsofthosewhocontributenothingsubstantialtotheoutputis，ofcourse，deductedfromtheincomeoftheothers，whoseworktellssubstantially。
Thereare，therefore，limitstothegrowthoftheindustriallyparasiticlinesofbusinessjustspokenof。A