youngFrenchnoblemanwillweepinthepresenceofthewholecourtuponbeingrefusedaregiment。AnItalian，saystheabbotD？Bos，expressesmoreemotiononbeingcondemnedinafineoftwentyshillings，thananEnglishmanonreceivingthesentenceofdeath。Cicero，inthetimesofthehighestRomanpoliteness，could，withoutdegradinghimself，weepwithallthebitternessofsorrowinthesightofthewholesenateandthewholepeople；asitisevidenthemusthavedoneintheendofalmosteveryoration。TheoratorsoftheearlierandruderagesofRomecouldnotprobably，consistentwiththemannersofthetimes，haveexpressedthemselveswithsomuchemotion。Itwouldhavebeenregarded，Isuppose，asaviolationofnatureandproprietyintheScipios，intheLeliuses，andintheelderCato，tohaveexposedsomuchtendernesstotheviewofthepublic。Thoseancientwarriorscouldexpressthemselveswithorder，gravity，andgoodjudgment；butaresaidtohavebeenstrangerstothatsublimeandpassionateeloquencewhichwasfirstintroducedintoRome，notmanyyearsbeforethebirthofCicero，bythetwoGracchi，byCrassus，andbySulpitius。Thisanimatedeloquence，whichhasbeenlongpractised，withorwithoutsuccess，bothinFranceandItaly，isbutjustbeginningtobeintroducedintoEngland。Sowideisthedifferencebetweenthedegreesofself-commandwhicharerequiredincivilizedandinbarbarousnations，andbysuchdifferentstandardsdotheyjudgeoftheproprietyofbehaviour。
Thisdifferencegivesoccasiontomanyothersthatarenotlessessential。Apolishedpeoplebeingaccustomedtogiveway，insomemeasure，tothemovementsofnature，becomefrank，open，andsincere。Barbarians，onthecontrary，beingobligedtosmotherandconcealtheappearanceofeverypassion，necessarilyacquirethehabitsoffalsehoodanddissimulation。Itisobservedbyallthosewhohavebeenconversantwithsavagenations，whetherinAsia，Africa，orAmerica，thattheyareallequallyimpenetrable，andthat，whentheyhaveamindtoconcealthetruth，noexaminationiscapableofdrawingitfromthem。Theycannotbetrepannedbythemostartfulquestions。Thetortureitselfisincapableofmakingthemconfessanythingwhichtheyhavenomindtotell。Thepassionsofasavagetoo，thoughtheyneverexpressthemselvesbyanyoutwardemotion，butlieconcealedinthebreastofthesufferer，are，notwithstanding，allmountedtothehighestpitchoffury。Thoughheseldomshowsanysymptomsofanger，yethisvengeance，whenhecomestogivewaytoit，isalwayssanguinaryanddreadful。Theleastaffrontdriveshimtodespair。Hiscountenanceanddiscourseindeedarestillsoberandcomposed，andexpressnothingbutthemostperfecttranquillityofmind:buthisactionsareoftenthemostfuriousandviolent。AmongtheNorth-Americansitisnotuncommonforpersonsofthetenderestageandmorefearfulsextodrownthemselvesuponreceivingonlyaslightreprimandfromtheirmothers，andthistoowithoutexpressinganypassion，orsayinganything，except，youshallnolongerhaveadaughter。Incivilizednationsthepassionsofmenarenotcommonlysofuriousorsodesperate。Theyareoftenclamorousandnoisy，butareseldomveryhurtful；andseemfrequentlytoaimatnoothersatisfaction，butthatofconvincingthespectator，thattheyareintherighttobesomuchmoved，andofprocuringhissympathyandapprobation。
Alltheseeffectsofcustomandfashion，however，uponthemoralsentimentsofmankind，areinconsiderable，incomparisonofthosewhichtheygiveoccasiontoinsomeothercases；anditisnotconcerningthegeneralstyleofcharacterandbehaviour，thatthoseprinciplesproducethegreatestperversionofjudgment，butconcerningtheproprietyorimproprietyofparticularusages。
Thedifferentmannerswhichcustomteachesustoapproveofinthedifferentprofessionsandstatesoflife，donotconcernthingsofthegreatestimportance。Weexpecttruthandjusticefromanoldmanaswellasfromayoung，fromaclergymanaswellasfromanofficer；anditisinmattersofsmallmomentonlythatwelookforthedistinguishingmarksoftheirrespectivecharacters。Withregardtothesetoo，thereisoftensomeunobservedcircumstancewhich，ifitwasattendedto，wouldshowus，that，independentofcustom，therewasaproprietyinthecharacterwhichcustomhadtaughtustoallottoeachprofession。
Wecannotcomplain，therefore，inthiscase，thattheperversionofnaturalsentimentisverygreat。Thoughthemannersofdifferentnationsrequiredifferentdegreesofthesamequality，inthecharacterwhichtheythinkworthyofesteem，yettheworstthatcanbesaidtohappenevenhere，isthatthedutiesofonevirtuearesometimesextendedsoastoencroachalittleupontheprecinctsofsomeother。TherustichospitalitythatisinfashionamongthePolesencroaches，perhaps，alittleuponoeconomyandgoodorder；andthefrugalitythatisesteemedinHolland，upongenerosityandgood-fellowship。Thehardinessdemandedofsavagesdiminishestheirhumanity；and，perhaps，thedelicatesensibilityrequiredincivilizednationssometimesdestroysthemasculinefirmnessofthecharacter。Ingeneral，thestyleofmannerswhichtakesplaceinanynation，maycommonlyuponthewholebesaidtobethatwhichismostsuitabletoitssituation。Hardinessisthecharactermostsuitabletothecircumstancesofasavage；sensibilitytothoseofonewholivesinaverycivilizedsociety。Evenhere，therefore，wecannotcomplainthatthemoralsentimentsofmenareverygrosslyperverted。