Theorigin,orbetterthederivation,ofmannersisnodoubt,tobesoughtelsewherethaninaconsciouseffortonthepartofthewell-manneredtoshowthatmuchtimehasbeenspentinacquiringthem。Theproximateendofinnovationandelaborationhasbeenthehighereffectivenessofthenewdepartureinpointofbeautyorofexpressiveness。Ingreatparttheceremonialcodeofdecoroususagesowesitsbeginninganditsgrowthtothedesiretoconciliateortoshowgoodwill,asanthropologistsandsociologistsareinthehabitofassuming,andthisinitialmotiveisrarelyifeverabsentfromtheconductofwell-manneredpersonsatanystageofthelaterdevelopment。
Manners,wearetold,areinpartanelaborationofgesture,andinparttheyaresymbolicalandconventionalisedsurvivalsrepresentingformeractsofdominanceorofpersonalserviceorofpersonalcontact。Inlargeparttheyareanexpressionoftherelationofstatus,——asymbolicpantomimeofmasteryontheonehandandofsubservienceontheother。Whereveratthepresenttimethepredatoryhabitofmind,andtheconsequentattitudeofmasteryandofsubservience,givesitscharactertotheaccreditedschemeoflife,theretheimportanceofallpunctiliosofconductisextreme,andtheassiduitywithwhichtheceremonialobservanceofrankandtitlesisattendedtoapproachescloselytotheidealsetbythebarbarianofthequasi-peaceablenomadicculture。SomeoftheContinentalcountriesaffordgoodillustrationsofthisspiritualsurvival。
Inthesecommunitiesthearchaicidealissimilarlyapproachedasregardstheesteemaccordedtomannersasafactofintrinsicworth。
Decorumsetoutwithbeingsymbolandpantomimeandwithhavingutilityonlyasanexponentofthefactsandqualitiessymbolised;butitpresentlysufferedthetransmutationwhichcommonlypassesoversymbolicalfactsinhumanintercourse。
Mannerspresentlycame,inpopularapprehension,tobepossessedofasubstantialutilityinthemselves;theyacquiredasacramentalcharacter,ingreatmeasureindependentofthefactswhichtheyoriginallyprefigured。Deviationsfromthecodeofdecorumhavebecomeintrinsicallyodioustoallmen,andgoodbreedingis,ineverydayapprehension,notsimplyanadventitiousmarkofhumanexcellence,butanintegralfeatureoftheworthyhumansoul。Therearefewthingsthatsotouchuswithinstinctiverevulsionasabreachofdecorum;andsofarhaveweprogressedinthedirectionofimputingintrinsicutilitytotheceremonialobservancesofetiquettethatfewofus,ifany,candissociateanoffenceagainstetiquettefromasenseofthesubstantialunworthinessoftheoffender。Abreachoffaithmaybecondoned,butabreachofdecorumcannot。“Mannersmakethman。“