Memoirs of Extraordinary Popular Delusions

第67章

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第67章

Memoirs of Extraordinary Popular Delusions Mackay, Charles

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Memoirs of Extraordinary Popular Delusions
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  JustasabsurdandeffectualwasthechargebroughtagainsttheTemplarsin1307,whentheyhadrenderedthemselvesobnoxioustothepotentatesandprelacyofChristendom。Theirwealth,theirpower,theirpride,andtheirinsolencehadraisedupenemiesoneveryside;

  andeverysortofaccusationwasmadeagainstthem,butfailedtoworktheiroverthrow,untiltheterriblecryofwitchcraftwasletlooseuponthem。Thiseffecteditsobject,andtheTemplarswereextirpated。

  Theywereaccusedofhavingsoldtheirsoulstothedevil,andofcelebratingalltheinfernalmysteriesofthewitches’Sabbath。Itwaspretendedthat,whentheyadmittedanoviceintotheirorder,theyforcedhimtorenouncehissalvationandcurseJesusChrist;thattheythenmadehimsubmittomanyunholyanddisgustingceremonies,andforcedhimtokisstheSuperioronthecheek,thenavel,andthebreech;andspitthreetimesuponacrucifix。Thatallthememberswereforbiddentohaveconnexionwithwomen,butmightgivethemselvesupwithoutrestrainttoeveryspeciesofunmentionabledebauchery。

  Thatwhen,byanymischance,aTemplarinfringedthisorder,andachildwasborn,thewholeordermet,andtosseditaboutlikeashuttlecockfromonetotheotheruntilitexpired;thattheythenroasteditbyaslowfire,andwiththefatwhichtrickledfromitanointedthehairandbeardofalargeimageofthedevil。Itwasalsosaidthat,whenoneoftheknightsdied,hisbodywasburntintoapowder,andthenmixedwithwineanddrunkbyeverymemberoftheorder。PhilipIV,who,toexercisehisownimplacablehatred,invented,inallprobability,thegreaterpartofthesecharges,issuedordersfortheimmediatearrestofalltheTemplarsinhisdominions。ThepopeafterwardstookupthecausewithalmostasmuchfervourastheKingofFrance;andineverypartofEurope,theTemplarswerethrownintoprisonandtheirgoodsandestatesconfiscated。Hundredsofthem,whenputtotherack,confessedeventhemostpreposterousofthechargesagainstthem,andbysodoing,increasedthepopularclamourandthehopesoftheirenemies。Itistruethat,whenremovedfromtherack,theydeniedalltheyhadpreviouslyconfessed;butthiscircumstanceonlyincreasedtheoutcry,andwasnumberedasanadditionalcrimeagainstthem。Theywereconsideredinaworselightthanbefore,andcondemnedforthwithtotheflames,asrelapsedheretics。Fifty-nineoftheseunfortunatevictimswereallburnedtogetherbyaslowfireinafieldinthesuburbsofParis,protestingtotheverylastmomentoftheirlives,theirinnocenceofthecrimesimputedtothem,andrefusingtoacceptofpardonuponconditionofacknowledgingthemselvesguilty。Similarsceneswereenactedintheprovinces;andforfouryears,hardlyamonthpassedwithoutwitnessingtheexecutionofoneormoreoftheseunhappymen。Finally,in1313,thelastsceneofthistragedyclosedbytheburningoftheGrand-Master,JacquesdeMolay,andhiscompanion,Guy,theCommanderofNormandy。Anythingmoreatrociousitisimpossibletoconceive;disgracefulaliketothemonarchwhooriginated,thepopewhosupported,andtheagewhichtoleratedthemonstrousiniquity。Thatthemaliceofafewcouldinventsuchacharge,isahumiliatingthoughtfortheloverofhisspecies;butthatmillionsofmankindshouldcreditit,isstillmoreso。

  TheexecutionofJoanofArcisthenextmostnotoriousexamplewhichhistoryaffordsus,oftheimputationofwitchcraftagainstapoliticalenemy。Instancesofsimilarpersecution,inwhichthiscrimewasmadethepretextforthegratificationofpoliticalorreligioushatred,mightbemultipliedtoagreatextent。ButitisbettertoproceedatoncetotheconsiderationofthebullofPopeInnocent,thetorchthatsetfiretothelonglaidtrain,andcausedsofearfulanexplosionovertheChristianworld。Itwillbenecessary,however,togobackforsomeyearsanteriortothatevent,thebettertounderstandthemotivesthatinfluencedtheChurchinthepromulgationofthatfearfuldocument。

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