[62]ForFatherInchofer’sattack，seehisTractatusSyllepticus，citedinGalileo’slettertoDeodati，July28，1634。ForFromundus’smorefamousattack，seehisAnt-Aristarchus，alreadycited，passim，butespeciallytheheadingofchap。vi，andtheargumentinchaptersxandxi。AcopyofthisworkmaybefoundintheAstorLibraryatNewYork，andanotherintheWhiteLibraryatCornellUniversity。ForinterestingreferencestooneofFromundus’sarguments，showing，byamixtureofmathematicsandtheology，thattheearthisthecentreoftheuniverse，seeQuetelet，HistoiredesSciencesmathematiquesetphysiques，Bruxelles，1864，p。170；alsoMadler，GeschichtederAstronomie，vol。i，p。274。ForBodin’soppositiontotheCopernicantheory，seeHallam，LiteratureofEurope；alsoLecky。ForSirThomasBrown，seehisVulgarandCommonErrors，bookiv，chap。v；andastotherealreasonforhisdisbeliefintheCopernicanview，seeDr。Johnson’sprefacetohisLifeofBrowne，vol。i，p。xix，ofhiscollectedworks。
IV。VICTORYOFTHECHURCHOVERGALILEO。
WhilenewsoftriumphantattacksuponhimanduponthetruthhehadestablishedwerecominginfromallpartsofEurope，Galileopreparedacarefultreatiseintheformofadialogue，exhibitingtheargumentsforandagainsttheCopernicanandPtolemaicsystems，andofferedtosubmittoanyconditionsthattheChurchtribunalsmightimpose，iftheywouldallowittobeprinted。Atlast，afterdiscussionswhichextendedthrougheightyears，theyconsented，imposingahumiliatingcondition——aprefacewritteninaccordancewiththeideasofFatherRicciardi，MasteroftheSacredPalace，andsignedbyGalileo，inwhichtheCopernicantheorywasvirtuallyexhibitedasaplayoftheimagination，andnotatallasopposedtothePtolemaicdoctrinereassertedin1616bytheInquisitionunderthedirectionofPopePaulV。
ThisnewworkofGalileo——theDialogo——appearedin1632，andmetwithprodigioussuccess。ItputnewweaponsintothehandsofthesupportersoftheCopernicantheory。ThepiousprefacewaslaughedatfromoneendofEuropetotheother。Thisrousedtheenemy；theJesuits，Dominicans，andthegreatmajorityoftheclergyreturnedtotheattackmoreviolentthanever，andinthemidstofthemstoodPopeUrbanVIII，mostbitterofall。HiswholepowerwasnowthrownagainstGalileo。Hewastouchedintwopoints：first，inhispersonalvanity，forGalileohadputthePope’sargumentsintothemouthofoneofthepersonsinthedialogueandtheirrefutationintothemouthofanother；but，aboveall，hewastouchedinhisreligiousfeelings。AgainandagainHisHolinessinsistedtoallcomersontheabsoluteandspecificdeclarationsofHolyScripture，whichprovethatthesunandheavenlybodiesrevolveabouttheearth，anddeclaredthattogainsaythemissimplytodisputerevelation。Certainly，ifoneecclesiasticmorethananothereverseemedNOTunderthecareoftheSpiritofTruth，itwasUrbanVIIIinallthismatter。
HereinwasoneofthegreatestpiecesofillfortunethathaseverbefallentheolderChurch。HadPopeUrbanbeenbroad-mindedandtolerantlikeBenedictXIV，orhadhebeentaughtmoderationbyadversitylikePiusVII，orhadhepossessedthelargescholarlyqualitiesofLeoXIII，nowreigning，thevastscandaloftheGalileocasewouldneverhaveburdenedtheChurch：