THE VOYAGE OF THE BEAGLE

第11章

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第11章

THE VOYAGE OF THE BEAGLE Charles Darwin

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THE VOYAGE OF THE BEAGLE
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  M。Prevostalone,Ithink,hasthrownlightbyhisobservations[9]onthispuzzle:hefindsthatthefemalecuckoo,which,accordingtomostobservers,laysatleastfromfourtosixeggs,mustpairwiththemaleeachtimeafterlayingonlyoneortwoeggs。Now,ifthecuckoowasobligedtositonherowneggs,shewouldeitherhavetositonalltogether,andthereforeleavethosefirstlaidsolong,thattheyprobablywouldbecomeaddled;orshewouldhavetohatchseparatelyeachegg,ortwoeggs,assoonaslaid:butasthecuckoostaysashortertimeinthiscountrythananyothermigratorybird,shecertainlywouldnothavetimeenoughforthesuccessivehatchings。Hencewecanperceiveinthefactofthecuckoopairingseveraltimes,andlayinghereggsatintervals,thecauseofherdepositinghereggsinotherbirds’nests,andleavingthemtothecareoffoster-parents。Iamstronglyinclinedtobelievethatthisviewiscorrect,fromhavingbeenindependentlyledasweshallhereaftersee

  toananalogousconclusionwithregardtotheSouthAmericanostrich,thefemalesofwhichareparasitical,ifImaysoexpressit,oneachother;

  eachfemalelayingseveraleggsinthenestsofseveralotherfemales,andthemaleostrichundertakingallthecaresofincubation,likethestrangefoster-parentswiththecuckoo。

  Iwillmentiononlytwootherbirds,whichareverycommon,andrenderthemselvesprominentfromtheirhabits。TheSaurophagussulphuratusistypicalofthegreatAmericantribeoftyrant-flycatchers。Initsstructureitcloselyapproachesthetrueshrikes,butinitshabitsmaybecomparedtomanybirds。Ihavefrequentlyobservedit,huntingafield,hoveringoveronespotlikeahawk,andthenproceedingontoanother。Whenseenthussuspendedintheair,itmightveryreadilyatashortdistancebemistakenforoneoftheRapaciousorder;itsstoop,however,isveryinferiorinforceandrapiditytothatofahawk。AtothertimestheSaurophagushauntstheneighbourhoodofwater,andthere,likeakingfisher,remainingstationary,itcatchesanysmallfishwhichmaycomenearthemargin。Thesebirdsarenotunfrequentlykepteitherincagesorincourtyards,withtheirwingscut。Theysoonbecometame,andareveryamusingfromtheircunningoddmanners,whichweredescribedtomeasbeingsimilartothoseofthecommonmagpie。Theirflightisundulatory,fortheweightoftheheadandbillappearstoogreatforthebody。IntheeveningtheSaurophagustakesitsstandonabush,oftenbytheroadside,andcontinuallyrepeatswithoutachangeashrillandratheragreeablecry,whichsomewhatresemblesarticulatewords:theSpaniardssayitislikethewords“Bienteveo“

  Iseeyouwell,andaccordinglyhavegivenitthisname。

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