The Varieties of Religious Experience

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第50章

The Varieties of Religious Experience William James

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The Varieties of Religious Experience
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  Nowtherearesomesubjectswhomallthisleavesapreytotheprofoundestastonishment。Thestrangenessiswrong。Theunrealitycannotbe。Amysteryisconcealed,andametaphysicalsolutionmustexist。Ifthenaturalworldissodouble-facedandunhomelike,whatworld,whatthingisreal?Anurgentwonderingandquestioningissetup,aporingtheoreticactivity,andinthedesperateefforttogetintorightrelationswiththematter,thesuffererisoftenledtowhatbecomesforhimasatisfyingreligioussolution。

  Atabouttheageoffifty,Tolstoyrelatesthathebegantohavemomentsofperplexity,ofwhathecallsarrest,asifheknewnot“howtolive。”orwhattodo。Itisobviousthattheseweremomentsinwhichtheexcitementandinterestwhichourfunctionsnaturallybringhadceased。Lifehadbeenenchanting,itwasnowflatsober,morethansober,dead。Thingsweremeaninglesswhosemeaninghadalwaysbeenself-evident。Thequestions“Why?”and“Whatnext?”begantobesethimmoreandmorefrequently。Atfirstitseemedasifsuchquestionsmustbeanswerable,andasifhecouldeasilyfindtheanswersifhewouldtakethetime;butastheyeverbecamemoreurgent,heperceivedthatitwaslikethosefirstdiscomfortsofasickman,towhichhepaysbutlittleattentiontilltheyrunintoonecontinuoussuffering,andthenherealizesthatwhathetookforapassingdisordermeansthemostmomentousthingintheworldforhim,meanshisdeath。

  Thesequestions“Why?”“Wherefore?”“Whatfor?”foundnoresponse。

  “Ifelt。”saysTolstoy,“thatsomethinghadbrokenwithinmeonwhichmylifehadalwaysrested,thatIhadnothinglefttoholdonto,andthatmorallymylifehadstopped。Aninvincibleforceimpelledmetogetridofmyexistence,inonewayoranother。ItcannotbesaidexactlythatIWISHEDtokillmyself,fortheforcewhichdrewmeawayfromlifewasfuller,morepowerful,moregeneralthananymeredesire。Itwasaforcelikemyoldaspirationtolive,onlyitimpelledmeintheoppositedirection。Itwasanaspirationofmywholebeingtogetoutoflife。

  “Beholdmethen,amanhappyandingoodhealth,hidingtheropeinordernottohangmyselftotheraftersoftheroomwhereeverynightIwenttosleepalone;beholdmenolongergoingshooting,lestIshouldyieldtothetooeasytemptationofputtinganendtomyselfwithmygun。

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