The Varieties of Religious Experience

第47章

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第47章

The Varieties of Religious Experience William James

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The Varieties of Religious Experience
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  muchasscholastictheismstruggledinitstime;andalthoughitwouldbeprematuretosaythatthereisnospeculativeissuewhateverfromthepuzzle,itisperfectlyfairtosaythatthereisnoclearoreasyissue,andthattheonlyOBVIOUSescapefromparadoxhereistocutloosefromthemonisticassumptionaltogether,andtoallowtheworldtohaveexistedfromitsorigininpluralisticform,asanaggregateorcollectionofhigherandlowerthingsandprinciples,ratherthananabsolutelyunitaryfact。Forthenevilwouldnotneedtobeessential;itmightbe,andmayalwayshavebeen,anindependentportionthathadnorationalorabsoluterighttolivewiththerest,andwhichwemightconceivablyhopetoseegotridofatlast。

  Nowthegospelofhealthy-mindedness,aswehavedescribedit,castsitsvotedistinctlyforthispluralisticview。Whereasthemonisticphilosopherfindshimselfmoreorlessboundtosay,asHegelsaid,thateverythingactualisrational,andthatevil,asanelementdialecticallyrequired,mustbepinnedinandkeptandconsecratedandhaveafunctionawardedtoitinthefinalsystemoftruth,healthy-mindednessrefusestosayanythingofthesort。[69]Evil,itsays,isemphaticallyirrational,andNOTtobepinnedin,orpreserved,orconsecratedinanyfinalsystemoftruth。ItisapureabominationtotheLord,analienunreality,awasteelement,tobesloughedoffandnegated,andtheverymemoryofit,ifpossible,wipedoutandforgotten。Theideal,sofarfrombeingco-extensivewiththewholeactual,isamereEXTRACTfromtheactual,markedbyitsdeliverancefromallcontactwiththisdiseased,inferior,andexcrementitiousstuff。

  [69]Isaythisinspiteofthemonisticutterancesofmanymind-curewriters;fortheseutterancesarereallyinconsistentwiththeirattitudetowardsdisease,andcaneasilybeshownnottobelogicallyinvolvedintheexperiencesofunionwithahigherPresencewithwhichtheyconnectthemselves。ThehigherPresence,namely,neednotbetheabsolutewholeofthings,itisquitesufficientforthelifeofreligiousexperiencetoregarditasapart,ifonlyitbethemostidealpart。

  Herewehavetheinterestingnotionfairlyandsquarelypresentedtous,oftherebeingelementsoftheuniversewhichmaymakenorationalwholeinconjunctionwiththeotherelements,andwhich,fromthepointofviewofanysystemwhichthoseotherelementsmakeup,canonlybeconsideredsomuchirrelevanceandaccident——somuch“dirt。”asitwere,andmatteroutofplace。I

  askyounownottoforgetthisnotion;foralthoughmostphilosophersseemeithertoforgetitortodisdainittoomuchevertomentionit,Ibelievethatweshallhavetoadmititourselvesintheendascontaininganelementoftruth。Themind-curegospelthusoncemoreappearstousashavingdignityandimportance。Wehaveseenittobeagenuinereligion,andnomeresillyappealtoimaginationtocuredisease;wehaveseenitsmethodofexperimentalverificationtobenotunlikethemethodofallscience;andnowherewefindmind-cureasthechampionofaperfectlydefiniteconceptionofthemetaphysicalstructureoftheworld。Ihopethat,inviewofallthis,youwillnotregretmyhavingpressedituponyourattentionatsuchlength。

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