The Varieties of Religious Experience

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第32章

The Varieties of Religious Experience William James

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The Varieties of Religious Experience
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  Suchaccountsasthisshadeawayintootherswherethebeliefis,notthatparticulareventsaretemperedmoretowardlytousbyasuperintendingprovidence,asarewardforourreliance,butthatbycultivatingthecontinuoussenseofourconnectionwiththepowerthatmadethingsastheyare,wearetemperedmoretowardlyfortheirreception。Theoutwardfaceofnatureneednotalter,buttheexpressionsofmeaninginitalter。Itwasdeadandisaliveagain。Itislikethedifferencebetweenlookingonapersonwithoutlove,oruponthesamepersonwithlove。Inthelattercaseintercoursespringsintonewvitality。Sowhenone’saffectionskeepintouchwiththedivinityoftheworld’sauthorship,fearandegotismfallaway;andintheequanimitythatfollows,onefindsinthehours,astheysucceedeachother,aseriesofpurelybenignantopportunities。Itisasifalldoorswereopened,andallpathsfreshlysmoothed。Wemeetanewworldwhenwemeettheoldworldinthespiritwhichthiskindofprayerinfuses。

  SuchaspiritwasthatofMarcusAureliusandEpictetus。[318]Itisthatofmind-curers,ofthetranscendentalists,andoftheso-called“liberal“Christians。Asanexpressionofit,IwillquoteapagefromoneofMartineau’ssermons:——

  [318]“GoodHeaven!”saysEpictetus,“anyonethinginthecreationissufficienttodemonstrateaProvidence,toahumbleandgratefulmind。Themerepossibilityofproducingmilkfromgrass,cheesefrommilk,andwoolfromskins;whoformedandplannedit?Oughtwenot,whetherwedigorploughoreat,tosingthishymntoGod?GreatisGod,whohassupplieduswiththeseinstrumentstotilltheground;greatisGod,whohasgivenushandsandinstrumentsofdigestion,whohasgivenustogrowinsensiblyandtobreatheinsleep。Thesethingsweoughtforevertocelebrate……Butbecausethemostofyouareblindandinsensible,theremustbesomeonetofillthisstation,andlead,inbehalfofallmen,thehymntoGod;forwhatelsecanIdo,alameoldman,butsinghymnstoGod?WereIanightingale,Iwouldactthepartofanightingale;wereIaswan,thepartofaswan。ButsinceIamareasonablecreature,itismydutytopraiseGod……andIcallonyoutojointhesamesong。”Works,booki。ch。xvi。,Carter-Higginsontranslationabridged。

  “Theuniverse,opentotheeyeto-day,looksasitdidathousandyearsago:andthemorninghymnofMiltondoesbuttellthebeautywithwhichourownfamiliarsundressedtheearliestfieldsandgardensoftheworld。Weseewhatallourfatherssaw。AndifwecannotfindGodinyourhouseorinmine,upontheroadsideorthemarginofthesea;intheburstingseedoropeningflower;inthedaydutyorthenightmusing;inthegenerallaughandthesecretgrief;intheprocessionoflife,everenteringafresh,andsolemnlypassingbyanddroppingoff;I

  donotthinkweshoulddiscernhimanymoreonthegrassofEden,orbeneaththemoonlightofGethsemane。Dependuponit,itisnotthewantofgreatermiracles,butofthesoultoperceivesuchasareallowedusstill,thatmakesuspushallthesanctitiesintothefarspaceswecannotreach。ThedevoutfeelthatwhereverGod’shandis,THEREismiracle:anditissimplyanindevoutnesswhichimaginesthatonlywheremiracleis,cantherebetherealhandofGod。ThecustomsofHeavenoughtsurelytobemoresacredinoureyesthanitsanomalies;thedearoldways,ofwhichtheMostHighisnevertired,thanthestrangethingswhichhedoesnotlovewellenoughevertorepeat。Andhewhowillbutdiscernbeneaththesun,asherisesanymorning,thesupportingfingeroftheAlmighty,mayrecoverthesweetandreverentsurprisewithwhichAdamgazedonthefirstdawninParadise。Itisnooutwardchange,noshiftingintimeorplace;

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