The Miscellaneous Writings and Speeches

第9章

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第9章

The Miscellaneous Writings and Speeches Lord Macaulay

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The Miscellaneous Writings and Speeches
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  Wemayadd,thattheverseswithwhichtheMandragolaisinterspersed,appeartoustobethemostspiritedandcorrectofallthatMachiavellihaswritteninmetre。Heseemstohaveentertainedthesameopinion;forhehasintroducedsomeoftheminotherplaces。Thecontemporariesoftheauthorwerenotblindtothemeritsofthisstrikingpiece。ItwasactedatFlorencewiththegreatestsuccess。LeotheTenthwasamongitsadmirers,andbyhisorderitwasrepresentedatRome。

  [NothingcanbemoreevidentthanthatPaulusJoviusdesignatestheMandragolaunderthenameoftheNicias。Weshouldnothavenoticedwhatissoperfectlyobvious。wereitnotthatthisnaturalandpalpablemisnomerhasledthesagaciousandindustriousBayleintoagrosserror。]

  TheCliziaisanimitationoftheCasinaofPlautus,whichisitselfanimitationofthelostkleroumenoiofDiphilus。Plautuswas,unquestionably,oneofthebestLatinwriters;buttheCasinaisbynomeansoneofhisbestplays;norisitonewhichoffersgreatfacilitiestoanimitator。Thestoryisasalienfrommodernhabitsoflife,asthemannerinwhichitisdevelopedfromthemodernfashionofcomposition。Theloverremainsinthecountryandtheheroineinherchamberduringthewholeaction,leavingtheirfatetobedecidedbyafoolishfather,acunningmother,andtwoknavishservants。Machiavellihasexecutedhistaskwithjudgmentandtaste。Hehasaccommodatedtheplottoadifferentstateofsociety,andhasverydexterouslyconnecteditwiththehistoryofhisowntimes。

  Therelationofthetrickputonthedotingoldloverisexquisitelyhumorous。ItisfarsuperiortothecorrespondingpassageintheLatincomedy,andscarcelyyieldstotheaccountwhichFalstaffgivesofhisducking。

  Twoothercomedieswithouttitles,theoneinprose,theotherinverse,appearamongtheworksofMachiavelli。Theformerisveryshort,livelyenough,butofnogreatvalue。Thelatterwecanscarcelybelievetobegenuine。Neitheritsmeritsnoritsdefectsremindusofthereputedauthor。Itwasfirstprintedin1796,fromamanuscriptdiscoveredinthecelebratedlibraryoftheStrozzi。Itsgenuineness,ifwehavebeenrightlyinformed,isestablishedsolelybythecomparisonofhands。Oursuspicionsarestrengthenedbythecircumstance,thatthesamemanuscriptcontainedadescriptionoftheplagueof1527,whichhasalso,inconsequence,beenaddedtotheworksofMachiavelli。Ofthislastcompositionthestrongestexternalevidencewouldscarcelyinduceustobelievehimguilty。Nothingwaseverwrittenmoredetestableinmatterandmanner。Thenarrations,thereflections,thejokes,thelamentations,arealltheveryworstoftheirrespectivekinds,atoncetriteandaffected,threadbaretinselfromtheRagFairsandMonmouthStreetsofliterature。Afoolishschoolboymightwritesuchapiece,and,afterhehadwrittenit,thinkitmuchfinerthantheincomparableintroductionoftheDecameron。Butthatashrewdstatesman,whoseearliestworksarecharacterisedbymanlinessofthoughtandlanguage,should,atnearsixtyyearsofage,descendtosuchpuerility,isutterlyinconceivable。

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