The Essays of Montaigne

第21章

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第21章

The Essays of Montaigne Michel de Montaigne

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The Essays of Montaigne
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  Everyopinionisofforceenoughtocauseitselftobeespousedattheexpenseoflife。ThefirstarticleofthatvaliantoaththatGreecetookandobservedintheMedianwar,wasthateveryoneshouldsoonerexchangelifefordeath,thantheirownlawsforthoseofPersia。WhataworldofpeopledoweseeinthewarsbetwixttheTurksandtheGreeks,ratherembraceacrueldeaththanuncircumcisethemselvestoadmitofbaptism?

  Anexampleofwhichnosortofreligionisincapable。

  ThekingsofCastilehavingbanishedtheJewsoutoftheirdominions,John,KingofPortugal,inconsiderationofeightcrownsahead,soldthemaretreatintohisforacertainlimitedtime,uponconditionthatthetimefixedcomingtoexpiretheyshouldbegone,andhetofurnishthemwithshippingtotransportthemintoAfrica。Thedaycomes,whichoncelapsedtheyweregiventounderstandthatsuchaswereafterwardfoundinthekingdomshouldremainslaves;vesselswereveryslenderlyprovided;andthosewhoembarkedinthemwererudelyandvillainouslyusedbythepassengers,who,besidesotherindignities,keptthemcruisinguponthesea,onewhileforwardsandanotherbackwards,tilltheyhadspentalltheirprovisions,andwereconstrainedtobuyofthematsodeararateandsolongwithal,thattheysetthemnotonshoretilltheywereallstrippedtotheveryshirts。Thenewsofthisinhumanusagebeingbroughttothosewhoremainedbehind,thegreaterpartofthemresolveduponslaveryandsomemadeashowofchangingreligion。

  Emmanuel,thesuccessorofJohn,beingcometothecrown,firstsetthematliberty,andafterwardsalteringhismind,orderedthemtodeparthiscountry,assigningthreeportsfortheirpassage。Hehoped,saysBishopOsorius,nocontemptibleLatinhistorianoftheselatertimes,thatthefavourofthelibertyhehadgiventhemhavingfailedofconvertingthemtoChristianity,yetthedifficultyofcommittingthemselvestothemercyofthemarinersandofabandoningacountrytheywerenowhabituatedtoandweregrownveryrichin,togoandexposethemselvesinstrangeandunknownregions,wouldcertainlydoit。Butfindinghimselfdeceivedinhisexpectation,andthattheywereallresolveduponthevoyage,hecutofftwoofthethreeportshehadpromisedthem,totheendthatthelengthandincommodityofthepassagemightreducesome,orthathemighthaveopportunity,bycrowdingthemallintooneplace,themoreconvenientlytoexecutewhathehaddesigned,whichwastoforceallthechildrenunderfourteenyearsofagefromthearmsoftheirfathersandmothers,totransportthemfromtheirsightandconversation,intoaplacewheretheymightbeinstructedandbroughtupinourreligion。Hesaysthatthisproducedamosthorridspectaclethenaturalaffectionbetwixttheparentsandtheirchildren,andmoreovertheirzealtotheirancientbelief,contendingagainstthisviolentdecree,fathersandmotherswerecommonlyseenmakingthemselvesaway,andbyayetmuchmorerigorousexample,precipitatingoutofloveandcompassiontheiryoungchildrenintowellsandpits,toavoidtheseverityofthislaw。Astotheremainderofthem,thetimethathadbeenprefixedbeingexpired,forwantofmeanstotransportthemtheyagainreturnedintoslavery。

  SomealsoturnedChristians,uponwhosefaith,asalsothatoftheirposterity,eventothisday,whichisahundredyearssince,fewPortuguesecanyetrely;thoughcustomandlengthoftimearemuchmorepowerfulcounsellorsinsuchchangesthanallotherconstraintswhatever。

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