Democracy In America

第27章

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第27章

Democracy In America Alexis de Toqueville

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Democracy In America
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  thepermanenceofthereligiousworldtothecontinualshiftingofpolitics;theexperienceofthepeopletoitstheoreticalignorance;anditspracticalknowledgeofbusinesstotheimpatienceofitsdesires。

  TheAmericans,then,havenotrelieduponthenatureoftheircountrytocounterpoisethosedangerswhichoriginateintheirConstitutionandintheirpoliticallaws。Toevilswhicharecommontoalldemocraticpeoplestheyhaveappliedremedieswhichnonebutthemselveshadeverthoughtofbefore;andalthoughtheywerethefirsttomaketheexperiment,theyhavesucceededinit。

  ThemannersandlawsoftheAmericansarenottheonlyoneswhichmaysuitademocraticpeople;buttheAmericanshaveshownthatitwouldbewrongtodespairofregulatingdemocracybytheaidofmannersandoflaws。IfothernationsshouldborrowthisgeneralandpregnantideafromtheAmericans,withouthoweverintendingtoimitatetheminthepeculiarapplicationwhichtheyhavemadeofit;iftheyshouldattempttofitthemselvesforthatsocialcondition,whichitseemstobethewillofProvidencetoimposeuponthegenerationsofthisage,andsotoescapefromthedespotismortheanarchywhichthreatensthem;

  whatreasonistheretosupposethattheireffortswouldnotbecrownedwithsuccess?TheorganizationandtheestablishmentofdemocracyinChristendomisthegreatpoliticalproblemofthetime。TheAmericans,unquestionably,havenotresolvedthisproblem,buttheyfurnishusefuldatatothosewhoundertakethetask。

  ImportanceOfWhatPrecedesWithRespectToTheStateOfEuropeItmayreadilybediscoveredwithwhatintentionIundertooktheforegoinginquiries。ThequestionherediscussedisinterestingnotonlytotheUnitedStates,buttothewholeworld;itconcerns,notanation,butallmankind。Ifthosenationswhosesocialconditionisdemocraticcouldonlyremainfreeaslongastheyareinhabitantsofthewilds,wecouldnotbutdespairofthefuturedestinyofthehumanrace;fordemocracyisrapidlyacquiringamoreextendedsway,andthewildsaregraduallypeopledwithmen。Ifitweretruethatlawsandmannersareinsufficienttomaintaindemocraticinstitutions,whatrefugewouldremainopentothenations,exceptthedespotismofasingleindividual?Iamawarethattherearemanyworthypersonsatthepresenttimewhoarenotalarmedatthislatteralternative,andwhoaresotiredoflibertyastobegladofrepose,farfromthosestormsbywhichitisattended。Buttheseindividualsareillacquaintedwiththehaventowardswhichtheyarebound。Theyaresodeludedbytheirrecollections,astojudgethetendencyofabsolutepowerbywhatitwasformerly,andnotbywhatitmightbecomeatthepresenttime。

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