Whilesimpleco—operationleavesthemodeofworkingbytheindividualforthemostpartunchanged，manufacturethoroughlyrevolutionisesit，andseizeslabour—powerbyitsveryroots。Itconvertsthelabourerintoacrippledmonstrosity，byforcinghisdetaildexterityattheexpenseofaworldofproductivecapabilitiesandinstincts;
justasintheStatesofLaPlatatheybutcherawholebeastforthesakeofhishideorhistallow。Notonlyisthedetailworkdistributedtothedifferentindividuals，buttheindividualhimselfismadetheautomaticmotorofafractionaloperation，[40]andtheabsurdfableofMeneniusAgrippa，whichmakesmanamerefragmentofhisownbody，becomesrealised。[41]If，atfirst，theworkmansellshislabour—powertocapital，becausethematerialmeansofproducingacommodityfailhim，nowhisverylabour—powerrefusesitsservicesunlessithasbeensoldtocapital。Itsfunctionscanbeexercisedonlyinanenvironmentthatexistsintheworkshopofthecapitalistafterthesale。Bynatureunfittedtomakeanythingindependently，themanufacturinglabourerdevelopsproductiveactivityasamereappendageofthecapitalist’sworkshop。[42]AsthechosenpeopleboreintheirfeaturesthesignmanualofJehovah，sodivisionoflabourbrandsthemanufacturingworkmanasthepropertyofcapital。
Theknowledge，thejudgement，andthewill，which，thoughineversosmalladegree，arepractisedbytheindependentpeasantorhandicraftsman，inthesamewayasthesavagemakesthewholeartofwarconsistintheexerciseofhispersonalcunningthesefacultiesarenowrequiredonlyfortheworkshopasawhole。Intelligenceinproductionexpandsinonedirection，becauseitvanishesinmanyothers。Whatislostbythedetaillabourers，isconcentratedinthecapitalthatemploysthem。[43]Itisaresultofthedivisionoflabourinmanufactures，thatthelabourerisbroughtfacetofacewiththeintellectualpotenciesofthematerialprocessofproduction，asthepropertyofanother，andasarulingpower。
Thisseparationbeginsinsimpleco—operation，wherethecapitalistrepresentstothesingleworkman，theonenessandthewilloftheassociatedlabour。
Itisdevelopedinmanufacturewhichcutsdownthelabourerintoadetaillabourer。Itiscompletedinmodernindustry，whichmakesscienceaproductiveforcedistinctfromlabourandpressesitintotheserviceofcapital。[44]