onthecontrary，heisaleaderofindustrybecauseheisacapitalist。
Theleadershipofindustryisanattributeofcapital，justasinfeudaltimesthefunctionsofgeneralandjudge，wereattributesoflandedproperty。[18]
Thelaboureristheownerofhislabour—poweruntilhehasdonebargainingforitssalewiththecapitalist;andhecansellnomorethanwhathehasi。e。，hisindividual，isolatedlabour—power。Thisstateofthingsisinnowayalteredbythefactthatthecapitalist，insteadofbuyingthelabour—powerofoneman，buysthatof100，andentersintoseparatecontractswith100unconnectedmeninsteadofwithone。Heisatlibertytosetthe100mentowork，withoutlettingthemco—operate。Hepaysthemthevalueof100independentlabour—powers，buthedoesnotpayforthecombinedlabour—powerofthehundred。Beingindependentofeachother，thelabourersareisolatedpersons，whoenterintorelationswiththecapitalist，butnotwithoneanother。Thisco—operationbeginsonlywiththelabour—process，buttheyhavethenceasedtobelongtothemselves。Onenteringthatprocess，theybecomeincorporatedwithcapital。Asco—operators，asmembersofaworkingorganism，theyarebutspecialmodesofexistenceofcapital。Hence，theproductivepowerdevelopedbythelabourerwhenworkinginco—operation，istheproductivepowerofcapital。Thispowerisdevelopedgratuitously，whenevertheworkmenareplacedundergivenconditions，anditiscapitalthatplacesthemundersuchconditions。Becausethispowercostscapitalnothing，andbecause，ontheotherhand，thelabourerhimselfdoesnotdevelopitbeforehislabourbelongstocapital，itappearsasapowerwithwhichcapitalisendowedbyNatureaproductivepowerthatisimmanentincapital。
Thecolossaleffectsofsimpleco—operationaretobeseeninthegiganticstructuresoftheancientAsiatics，Egyptians，Etruscans，&c。\"IthashappenedintimespastthattheseOrientalStates，aftersupplyingtheexpensesoftheircivilandmilitaryestablishments，havefoundthemselvesinpossessionofasurpluswhichtheycouldapplytoworksofmagnificenceorutilityandintheconstructionofthesetheircommandoverthehandsandarmsofalmosttheentirenon—agriculturalpopulationhasproducedstupendousmonumentswhichstillindicatetheirpower。TheteemingvalleyoftheNile……producedfoodforaswarmingnon—agriculturalpopulation，andthisfood，belongingtothemonarchandthepriesthood，affordedthemeansoferectingthemightymonumentswhichfilledtheland……Inmovingthecolossalstatuesandvastmassesofwhichthetransportcreateswonder，humanlabouralmostalone，wasprodigallyused……Thenumberofthelabourersandtheconcentrationoftheireffortssufficed。
Weseemightycoralreefsrisingfromthedepthsoftheoceanintoislandsandfirmland，yeteachindividualdepositorispuny，weak，andcontemptible。Thenon—agriculturallabourersofanAsiaticmonarchyhavelittlebuttheirindividualbodilyexertionstobringtothetask，buttheirnumberistheirstrength，andthepowerofdirectingthesemassesgaverisetothepalacesandtemples，thepyramids，andthearmiesofgiganticstatuesofwhichtheremainsastonishandperplexus。Itisthatconfinementoftherevenueswhichfeedthem，tooneorafewhands，whichmakessuchundertakingspossible。\"[19]ThispowerofAsiaticandEgyptiankings，Etruscantheocrats，&c。，hasinmodernsocietybeentransferredtothecapitalist，whetherhebeanisolated，orasinjoint—stockcompanies，acollectivecapitalist。