Froude’s History of England

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第4章

Froude’s History of England Charles Kingsley

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Froude’s History of England
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  Doesthispreamble,doesasinglefactofthecase,justifyhistoriansintalkingofthese\'king\'sdebts\'injustthesametoneasthatinwhichtheywouldhavespokeniftheKinghadsquanderedthemoneyonprivatepleasures?Perhapsmostpeoplewhowritesmallhistoriesbelievethatthisreallywasthecase。TheycertainlywouldgathernootherimpressionfromthepagesofMr。Hallam。Nodoubttheactmusthavebeenburdensomeonsomepeople。Many,wearetold,hadbequeathedtheirpromissorynotestotheirchildren,usedtheirreversionaryinterestintheloaninmanyways;andthese,ofcourse,feltthechangeveryheavily。Nodoubt:butwhyhavewenotarighttosupposethattheParliamentwereawareofthatfact;butchoseitasthelessofthetwoevils?TheKinghadspentthemoney;

  hewasunabletorecoveritfromFrancis;couldonlyrefunditbyraisingsomefreshtaxorbenevolence:andwhymaynottheParliamenthaveconsideredthereleaseofoldtaxeslikelytooffendfewerpeoplethantheimpositionofnewones?Itiscertainlyanuglythingtobreakpublicfaith;buttoprovethatpublicfaithwasbroken,wemustprovethatHenrycompelledtheParliamenttoreleasehim;iftheactwasoftheirownfreewill,nopublicfaithwasbroken,fortheyweretherepresentativesofthenation,andthroughthemthenationforgaveitsowndebt。Andwhatevidencehavewethattheydidnotrepresentthenation,andthat,onthewhole,wemustsuppose,asweshouldinthecaseofanyothermen,thattheybestknewtheirownbusiness?Maywenotapplytothiscase,andtoothers,mutatismutandis,theargumentwhichMr。FroudeusessoboldlyandwellinthecaseofAnneBoleyn\'strial——\'TheEnglishnationalso,aswellas……deservesjusticeatourhands?\'

  Certainlyitdoes:butitisadisagreeabletokenofthemethodonwhichwehavebeenaccustomedtowritethehistoryofourownforefathers,thatMr。Froudeshouldfinditnecessarytostateformallysoverysimpleatruth。

  Whatproof,weaskagain,istherethatthisoldParliamentwas\'servile\'?Hadthatbeenso,Wolseywouldnothavebeenafraidtosummonit。ThespecificreasonfornotsummoningaParliamentforsixyearsafterthatof1524wasthattheywerenotservile;thatwhen(herewearequotingMr。Hallam,andnotMr。Froude)WolseyenteredtheHouseofCommonswithagreattrain,seeminglyforthepurposeofintimidation,they\'madenootheranswertohisharanguesthanthatitwastheirusagetodebateonlyamongthemselves。\'Thedebatesonthisoccasionlastedfifteenorsixteendays,duringwhich,saysaneye—witness,\'therehasbeenthegreatestandsorestholdintheLowerHouse,\'\'thematterdebatedandbeaten\';\'suchholdthattheHousewasliketohavebeendissevered\';inaword,hardfighting——andwhynothonestfighting?——betweenthecourtpartyandtheOpposition,\'whichended,\'saysMr。Hallam,\'inthecourtpartyobtaining,withtheutmostdifficulty,agrantmuchinferiortotheCardinal\'soriginalrequisition。\'Whattokenofservilityishere?

  AndisitreasonabletosupposethatafterWolseywasconquered,andacomparativelypopularministryhadsucceeded,andthatmemorableParliamentof1529(whichMr。Froude,notunjustly,thinksmorememorablethantheLongParliamentitself)beganitsgreatworkwithahighhand,backednotmerelybytheKing,butbythepublicopinionofthemajorityofEngland,theirdecisionsarelikelytohavebeenmoreservilethanbefore?IftheyresistedtheKingwhentheydisagreedwithhim,aretheytobeaccusedofservilitybecausetheyworkedwithhimwhentheyagreedwithhim?IsanOppositionalwaysintheright;aministerialpartyalwaysinthewrong?Isitanoffenceagainstthepeopletoagreewiththemonarch,evenwhenheagreeswiththepeoplehimself?Simpleasthesequestionsare,onemustreallystoptoaskthem。

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