An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding

第2章

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第2章

An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding 佚名

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An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding
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  ,allpoetry,beingaspeciesofpainting,approachesusnearertotheobjectsthananyotherspeciesofnarration,throwsastrongerlightuponthem,anddelineatesmoredistinctlythoseminutecircumstanceswhich,thoughtothehistoriantheyseemsuperfluous,servemightilytoenliventheimageryandgratifythefancy。Ifitbenotnecessary,asinthe,toinformuseachtimetheherobuckleshisshoesandtieshisgarters,itwillberequisite,perhaps,toenterintoagreaterdetailthaninthe,wheretheeventsarerunoverwithsuchrapiditythatwescarcehaveleisuretobecomeacquaintedwiththesceneoraction。Wereapoet,therefore,tocomprehendinhissubjectanygreatcompassoftimeorseriesofevents,andtraceupthedeathofHectortoitsremotecausesintherapeofHelenorthejudgmentofParis,hemustdrawouthispoemtoanimmeasurablelengthinordertofillthislargecanvasswithjustpaintingandimagery。

  Thereader\'simagination,inflamedwithsuchaseriesofpoeticaldescriptions,andhispassions,agitatedbyacontinualsympathywiththeactors,mustflaglongbeforetheperiodofnarrationandmustsinkintolassitudeanddisgustfromtherepeatedviolenceofthesamemovements。

  ,thatanepicpoetmustnottracethecausestoanygreatdistancewillfurtherappearifweconsideranotherreason,whichisdrawnfromapropertyofthepassionsstillmoreremarkableandsingular。Itisevidentthatinajustcompositionalltheaffectionsexcitedbythedifferenteventsdescribedandrepresentedaddmutualforcetoeachother;andthat,whiletheheroesareallengagedinonecommonscene,andeachactionisstronglyconnectedwiththewhole,theconcerniscontinuallyawake,andthepassionsmakeaneasytransitionfromoneobjecttoanother。

  Thestrongconnectionoftheevents,asitfacilitatesthepassageofthethoughtorimaginationfromonetoanother,facilitatesalsothetransfusionofthepassionsandpreservestheaffectionstillinthesamechannelanddirection。OursympathyandconcernforEvepreparesthewayforalikesympathywithAdam:Theaffectionispreservedalmostentireinthetransition,andthemindseizesimmediatelythenewobjectasstronglyrelatedtothatwhichformerlyengageditsattention。Butwerethepoettomakeatotaldigressionfromhissubjectandintroduceanewactornowayconnectedwiththepersonages,theimagination,feelingabreachinthetransition,wouldentercoldlyintothenewscene;wouldkindlebyslowdegrees;andinreturningtothemainsubjectofthepoemwouldpass,asitwere,uponforeigngroundandhaveitsconcerntoexciteanewinordertotakepartywiththeprincipalactors。Thesameinconveniencefollowsinalesserdegreewherethepoettraceshiseventstotoogreatadistanceandbindstogetheractionswhich,thoughnotaltogetherdisjoined,havenotsostrongaconnectionasisrequisitetoforwardthetransitionofthepassions。Hencearisestheartificeofobliquenarrationemployedintheand——

  wheretheheroisintroduced,atfirst,neartheperiodofhisdesigns,andafterwardsshowsus,asitwereinperspective,themoredistanteventsandcauses。Bythismeans,thereader\'scuriosityisimmediatelyexcited;theeventsfollowwithrapidity,andinaverycloseconnection;

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