Alexandria and her Schools

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第7章

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Alexandria and her Schools
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  AndProclus\'sprayer,ontheotherhand,wastheoutcomeoftheNeoplatonists\'metaphysic,theendofalltheirsearchaftertheOne,theIndivisible,theAbsolute,thiscrytoallmannerofinnumerablephantoms,ghostsofideas,ghostsoftraditions,neitherthingsnorpersons,butthoughts,togivethephilosophereachsomethingorother,accordingtothenatureofeach。Notthatheveryclearlydefineswhateachistogivehim;butstillhefeelshimselfinwantofallmannerofthings,anditisaswelltohaveasmanyfriendsatcourtaspossible——

  NoeticGods,NoericGods,rulers,angels,daemons,heroes——toenablehimtodowhat?TounderstandPlato\'smostmysticalandfar-seeingspeculations。TheEternalNous,theIntellectualTeacherhasvanishedfurtherandfurtheroff;furtheroffstillsomedimvisionofasupremeGoodness。InfinitespacesabovethatloomsthroughthemistoftheabyssaPrimaevalOne。Buteventhathasapredicate,foritisone;itisnotpureessence。Musttherenotbesomethingbeyondthatagain,whichisnotevenone,butisnameless,inconceivable,absolute?Whatanabyss!Howshallthehumanmindfindanythingwhereontorest,inthevastnowherebetweenitandtheobjectofitssearch?ThesearchaftertheOneissuesinawailtotheinnumerable;andkindgods,angels,andheroes,nothumanindeed,butstillconceivableenoughtosatisfyatleasttheimagination,stepintofillthevoid,astheyhavedonesince,andmaydoagain;andso,asMr。Carlylehasit,\"thebottomlesspitgotroofedover,\"asitmaybeagainerelong。

  Arewethentosay,thatNeoplatonismwasafailure?ThatAlexandria,duringfourcenturiesofprofoundandearnestthought,addednothing?

  HeavenforbidthatweshouldsaysoofaphilosophywhichhasexercisedonEuropeanthought,atthecrisisofitsnoblestlifeandaction,aninfluenceasgreatasdidtheAristoteliansystemduringtheMiddleAges。Wemustneverforget,thatduringthetwocenturieswhichcommencewiththefallofConstantinople,andendwithourcivilwars,notmerelyalmostallgreatthinkers,butcourtiers,statesmen,warriors,poets,weremoreorlessNeoplatonists。TheGreekgrammarians,whomigratedintoItaly,broughtwiththemtheworksofPlotinus,Iamblichus,andProclus;andtheirgorgeousreverieswerewelcomedeagerlybytheEuropeanmind,justrevellinginthefreethoughtofyouthfulmanhood。AndyettheAlexandrianimpotenceforanypracticalandsocialpurposeswastobemanifested,asutterlyasitwasinAlexandriaorinAthensofold。

  FicinusandPicusofMirandolaworkednodeliverance,eitherforItalianmoralsorpolity,atatimewhensuchdeliverancewasneededbitterlyenough。Neoplatonismwaspettedbyluxuriousandheathenpopes,asanelegantplayofthecultivatedfancy,whichcoulddotheirrealpower,theirpracticalsystem,neithergoodnorharm。Andonecannothelpfeeling,whilereadingthemagnificentorationonSupra-sensualLove,whichCastiglione,inhisadmirablebook\"TheCourtier,\"putsintothemouthoftheprofligateBembo,hownearmysticismmaylienotmerelytodilettantismortoPharisaism,buttosensualityitself。ButinEngland,duringElizabeth\'sreign,thepracticalweaknessofNeoplatonismwascompensatedbythenoblepracticallifewhichmenwerecompelledtoliveinthosegreattimes;bythestrongholdwhichtheyhadoftheideasoffamilyandnationallife,oflawandpersonalfaith。

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