Alexandria and her Schools

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第6章

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Alexandria and her Schools
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  Thereforewecan,astheChristianphilosophersofAlexandriadid,rejoiceovereverytruthwhichtheirheathenadversariesbeheld,andattributethem,asClementdoes,tothehighestsource,totheinspirationoftheoneanduniversalLogos。WithClement,philosophyisonlyhurtfulwhenitisuntruetoitself,andphilosophyfalselysocalled;truephilosophyisanimageofthetruth,adivinegiftbestowedontheGreeks。TheBible,inhiseyes,assertsthatallformsofartandwisdomarefromGod。Thewiseinmindhavenodoubtsomepeculiarendowmentofnature,butwhentheyhaveofferedthemselvesfortheirwork,theyreceiveaspiritofperceptionfromtheHighestWisdom,givingthemanewfitnessforit。

  Allseverestudy,allcultivationofsympathy,areexercisesofthisspiritualendowment。ThewholeintellectualdisciplineoftheGreeks,withtheirphilosophy,camedownfromGodtomen。Philosophy,heconcludesinoneplace,carrieson\"aninquiryconcerningTruthandthenatureofBeing;andthisTruthisthatconcerningwhichtheLordHimselfsaid:\'IamtheTruth。\'Andwhentheinitiatedfind,orratherreceive,thetruephilosophy,theyhaveitfromtheTruthitself;thatisfromHimwhoistrue。\"

  While,then,thesetwoschoolshadsomanygroundsincommon,wherewastheirpointofdivergence?Weshallfindit,Ibelieve,fairlyexpressedinthedyingwordsofPlotinus,thegreatfatherofNeoplatonism。\"IamstrivingtobringtheGodwhichisinusintoharmonywiththeGodwhichisintheuniverse。\"WhetherornotPlotinusactuallysospoke,thatwaswhathisdisciplesnotonlysaidthathespoke,butwhattheywouldhavewishedhimtospeak。Thatonesentenceexpressesthewholeobjectoftheirphilosophy。

  ButtothatPantaenus,Origen,Clement,andAugustinewouldhaveanswered:\"Andwe,ontheotherhand,assertthattheGodwhichisintheuniverse,isthesameastheGodwhichisinyou,andisstrivingtobringyouintoharmonywithHimself。\"Thereistheexperimentumcrucis。

  ThereisthevastgulfbetweentheChristianandtheHeathenschools,whichwhenanymanhadoverleaped,thewholeproblemoftheuniversewasfromthatmomentinverted。WithPlotinusandhisschoolmanisseekingforGod:withClementandhis,Godisseekingforman。Withtheformer,Godispassive,andmanactive:withthelatter,Godisactive,manispassive——passive,thatis,insofarashisbusinessistolistenwhenheisspokento,tolookatthelightwhichisunveiledtohim,tosubmithimselftotheinwardlawswhichhefeelsreprovingandcheckinghimateveryturn,asSocrateswasreprovedandcheckedbyhisinwardDaemon。

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