AdamSmithalsodiffersfromHumenolessinhistheoryofthecauseofthebeautywhichresultsfromaperceptionofutilitythaninhistheoryoftheplaceassignabletoutilityintheprincipleofmoralapprobation。
AccordingtoHume,theutilityofanyobjectisasourceofpleasurefromitssuggestionoftheconveniencyitisintendedtopromote,fromitsfitnesstoproducetheendintendedbyit。AdamSmithmaintains,ratherbywayofsupplementthanofcontradiction,thatthefitnessofathingtoproduceitsend,orthehappyadjustmentofmeanstotheattainmentofanyconvenienceorpleasureisoftenmoreregardedthantheendorconvenienceitself,andhegivesseveralinstancestoillustratetheoperationofthisprinciple。
Forinstance,amancomingintohisroomandfindingallthechairsinthemiddle,willperhapsbeangrywithhisservantandtakethetroubletoplacethemallwiththeirbackstothewall,forthesakeofthegreaterconvenienceofhavingthefloorfreeanddisengaged。Butitismorethearrangementthantheconveniencewhichhereallycaresfor,sincetoattaintheconvenienceheputshimselftomoretroublethanhecouldhavesufferedfromthewantofit,seeingthatnothingwaseasierforhimthantohavesatdownatonceononeofthechairs,whichisprobablyallhedoeswhenhislabourisover。
Thesameprincipleappliestothepursuitofriches,undercircumstanceswhichimplymuchmoretroubleandvexationthanthepossessionofthemcaneverobviate。Thepoorman\'sson,cursedwithambition,whoadmirestheconvenienceofapalacetolivein,ofhorsestocarryhim,andofservantstowaitonhim,sacrificesarealtranquillityforacertainartificialandelegantreposehemayneverreach,tofindatlastthat\"wealthandgreatnessaremeretrinketsoffrivolousutility,nomoreadaptedforprocuringeaseofbodyortranquillityofmind,thanthetweezer-casesoftheloveroftoys。\"Indeed,thereisnootherrealdifferencebetweenthemthanthattheconveniencesof。theonearesomewhatmoreobservablethanthoseoftheother。Thepalaces,gardens,orequipageofthegreatareobjectsofwhichtheconveniencystrikeseveryone;theirutilityisobvious;andwereadilyenjoybysympathythesatisfactiontheyarefittedtoafford。
Buttheconveniencyofatoothpickorofanail-cutter,beinglessobvious,itislesseasytoenterintothesatisfactionoftheirpossessor。Theyarelessreasonableobjectsofvanitythanwealthandgreat-ness,andlesseffectuallygratifyman\'sloveofdistinction。Toamanwhohadtolivealoneonadesolateisland,itmightbeamatterofdoubt,\"whetherapalace,oracollectionofsuchsmallconveniencesasarecommonlycontainedinatweezer-case,wouldcontributemosttohishappinessandenjoyment。\"