A View of the Constitution

第11章

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第11章

A View of the Constitution William Rawle

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A View of the Constitution
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  And3dly。Ithasoccurredtotheimaginationsofsome,thattherewouldbenosmalldangerthatthegreatpowersofEurope,beinginterestedinhavingafriendinthepresidentoftheUnitedStates,wouldinterposeinhiselection,andthedangersandmisfortunesofPolandberenewedinAmerica。4Inanswertotheseobjections,ithasbeensaidwithgreattruthandforce:

  1st。Thatoneilleffectoftheexclusionwouldbeadiminutionoftheinducementstogoodbehaviour。Lesszealwouldbefeltinthedischargeofaduty,whentheadvantageofthestationmustberelinquishedatadeterminateperiod。Thedesireofrewardisoneofthestrongestincentivesofhumanconduct,andthebestsecurityforfidelity,istomakeinterestcoincidewithduty。Eventheloveoffame,therulingpassionofnobleminds,promptingamantoplanandundertakearduousenterprisesforthepublicbenefit,whichmightrequiretimetoperfectthem,woulddeterhimfromtheundertaking,ifheforesawthathemustquitthescenebeforehecouldaccomplishthework,andcommitit,togetherwithhisownreputation,tobandsthatmightbeunequalorunfriendlytothetask。

  2dly。Experienceistheparentofwisdom,andhighlydesirableinthefirstmagistrateofanation。Itwouldbeinjuriousandabsurdtodeclare,thatassoonasitisacquired,itspossessorshallbecompelledtoabandonthestationinwhichheacquiredit,andtowhichitisadapted。

  3dly。Athirdilleffectoftheexclusionwouldbe,thebanishingmenfromstationsinwhichtheirpresencemightbeofthegreatestmomenttothepublicinterestonparticularemergencies。Anordinancewhichpreventsanationfrommakinguseofitsowncitizens,inthemannerbestsuitedtopeculiarexigenciesandcircumstances,mustbeunwise。Suppose,forinstance,awartoexist,andthepresidenttheninplace,peculiarlyfittedbyhismilitarytalentsandexperiencetoconductittoadvantage:tobeobligedtoexcludehimfromoffice,perhapstosubstituteinexperienceforexperience,andtherebyunhingeandsetafloatthesettledtrainofadministration,mightbeofthegreatest,detriment。5

  Theapprehensionoftheinterferenceofforeignnationsinregardtotheofficeofpresident,unlesshewasatfirstelectedforlife,seemstobewithoutfoundation。Whileheiselectedonlyforfouryearsatatime,itisevidentthatitwouldbeofnousetoforeignpowerstocorrupthim,unlesstheycanintimidateorcorruptthosewhoelecthim;butbytheguardedprovisionsoftheConstitution,itisimpossibletoknowforalongtimebeforehand,whothoseelectorswillbe。As,however,thismodeofelectionhasnowbecometheactofthepeople,andtheelectorsaremerelynominal,thewholebodyofthepeople,oratleastamajorityofthem,mustbecorruptedorintimidated,beforesuchaschemecansucceed;

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