IntheEnglishlanguagetherewasasyetnoclassicalmeaning;itwasexactlythatmeaningthatthesewritersweregivingthewordswhentheybroughtthemintotheirversion。[1]Thereislargeadvantageinthefactthattheagewasnotascientificone,thatthelanguagehadnotbecomecomplicated。SoitbecomesinterestingtoobservewithProfessorMarchthatninety-threepercent。ofthesewords,countingalsorepetitions,arenativeEnglishwords。Thelanguagewasnew,wasstillplastic。Ithadnotbeenstiffenedbyuse。ItreceiveditssetmoredefinitelyfromtheEnglishBiblethanfromanyotheronework——morethanfromShakespeare,whoseinfluencewassecond。
[1]Trevelyan,EnglandundertheStuarts,p。54,ThefourthfactwhichhelpedtodetermineitsEnglishstyleistheloyaltyofthetranslatorstotheoriginal,notablytheHebrew。ItisacommonremarkofthestudentsoftheoriginaltonguesthattheHebrewandGreeklanguagesarepeculiarlytranslatable。ThatisnotableintheHebrew。Itisnotalanguageofabstractterms。Thetendencyoflanguageisalwaystobecomevague,sincewearelazyintheuseofit。
Weuseonewordinvariousways,andapetoneformanyideas。Languageisalwaysmoreconcreteinitsearlierforms。InthisperiodoftheconcreteEnglishlanguage,then,thetranslationwasmadefromtheHebrew,whichwasalsoaconcrete,figurativelanguageitself。ThestructureoftheHebrewsentenceisverysimple。
Therearenoextendedparagraphsinit。ItissomewhatdifferentintheNewTestament,wheretheseparagraphsarefound,certainlyinthePaulineGreek;buteventheretheextendedsentencesarebrokenintoclauseswhichcanbetakenaswholes。TheEnglishversionshowsconstantlythemarksoftheHebrewinfluenceinthesimplicityofitsphrasing。RenansaysthattheHebrew\"knowshowtomakepropositions,butnothowtolinkthemintoparagraphs。\"SotheearlierBiblestoriesarelikeachild\'swayoftalking。Theyletonesentencefollowanother,andtheirunityisfoundintheoverflowinguseoftheword\"and\"——onefacthungtoanothertomakeastory,butnottomakeanargument。
InthefirsttenchaptersofISamuel,forexample,therearetwohundredandthirty-eightverses;